Articles
<![CDATA[Effect of Hydrogel Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) to the Number of Fibroblast Cell Proliferation in the Perforation of Wistar Rat Tooth Pulp ]]>
<![CDATA[Ira Widjiastuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Setyabudi setyabudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Kun Ismiyatin]]>;
<![CDATA[Djoko Agus Purwanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Tiara Sukmawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019): July - December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v9i2.2019.93-96
<![CDATA[Background: Pulpitis can occur because the deep cavity preparation and it causes increasing of NO levels. Perforated teeth require direct pulp capping (DPC) treatment. The current standard DPC material is calcium hydroxide. However, several studies have found weaknesses of calcium hydroxide that can affect the success of DPC treatment and new, more biocompatible materials are needed. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea has many benefits, including antioxidant, anticolagenase, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and has the ability of radical scavenging to clean NO so that pulp healing can occur better by increasing the number of fibroblast cells that play a role in wound healing. Purpose: To determine the concentration of hydrogel EGCGs that are effective in increasing the number of fibroblast cell proliferation in the dental pulp perforation of Wistar rats. Method: This research is a laboratory experimental study with a randomized post test only control group design. Samples used in the study were 24 male Wistar rats which were divided into four groups, namely the negative control group and the treatment group were given EGCG 60 ppm, 90 ppm, and 120 ppm and were decapitated on the 7th day after treatment. The maxilla and the 1st molar were taken and decalcified, to process the HPA reading with HE staining. Observations were made using a microscope with a magnification of 400x. Results: There were significant differences in the treatment groups with 60 ppm and 90 ppm hydrogel hydrogels on the results of the Oneway ANOVA difference test (p <0.05). Conclusion: The concentration of hydrogel EGCG which is effective in increasing fibroblast cell proliferation is 90 ppm.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect Of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) On The Number Of Macrophage Cells In Inflammation Of Pulp With Mechanical Injury ]]>
<![CDATA[Kun Ismiyatin]]>;
<![CDATA[Devi Eka Juniarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Djoko Agus Purwanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Adecha Ekalipta Primazafira]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2020): January-June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i1.2020.31-35
<![CDATA[Background: Pulpitis is an inflammatory pulp that can occur due to mechanical trauma that causes perforation of the pulp. Treatment of pulpitis Emergency frequently using Eugenol. High concentrations of Eugenol have a cytotoxic effect that causes local necrosis and inhibits the recovery process. An alternative consideration with Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) which has good antioxidant properties and increases the complexity of inflammation by inhibiting the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide so that levels migration of inflammatory cells to the area of injury will decrease and inflammation will occur shorter then initiates the proliferation so the recovery process and tissue repair will be more rapidly occurring. One of the cells that support tissue repair is macrophages. Purpose: this study aims to explain the effect of EGCG on the number of macrophage cells in pulp inflammation with mechanical injury. Methods: The study used 24 Wistar rats teeth divided into four groups, namely control (C), and 3 treatment groups T1, T2, and T3. Each group consisted of 6 rats prepared, then T1 was named EGCG hydrogel 60 ppm, T2 was given EGCG hydrogel 90 ppm, while T3 was given EGCG hydrogel 120 ppm. On the 3rd day, Wistar rats were decapitated to continue making HPA preparations. Results:This study showed a significant difference in each group (p< 0.05) using One-Way Anova analysis. Conclusion: EGCG hydrogel 90 ppm is effectivein increasing the number of macrophage cells. ]]>
<![CDATA[ANALYSIS OF IFN-γ CONCENTRATION IN WISTAR RAT BLOOD AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF STANDARDIZED GREEN TEA WATER EXTRACT ]]>
<![CDATA[Djoko Agus Purwanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Retno Pudji Rahayu]]>;
<![CDATA[A. Toto Purnomo]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21448
<![CDATA[Green tea and its polyphenols have been studied extensively as cancer chemopreventive agents in recent years. However, the mechanisms of action are still not clearly understood. Some researchers suggest that immune system plays important role to destroy cancer cells. Because of that reason, the present study was designed to analyse the effects of oral administration standardized green tea water extract on increasing of IFN-g blood concentration and to elucidate possible mechanisms involved in the inhibitory action of the cancer development. Two groups (male and female) of 5 rats have given p.o. administration 1.25% of standardized green tea water extract and got 300 mg of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)/kg body weight, while two groups others (male and female) were used as control. We found that IFN-g blood concentration on male and female Wistar rat are significantly increase with 13.11% and 17.59%, respectively (p<0.05) by ELISA method, whereas control had no increase. These results indicate that standardized green tea water extract has possibility to prevent and suppress cancer development through enhancing IFN-g expression and other immunosurveillance component.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of Decyl Glucoside on Stability and Irritability of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers-Green Tea Extract as Topical Preparations ]]>
<![CDATA[Rufaidah Azzahrah]]>;
<![CDATA[Noorma Rosita]]>;
<![CDATA[Djoko Agus Purwanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Widji Soeratri]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 9 No. 3 (2022): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v9i32022.220-228
<![CDATA[Background: Green Tea Extract (GTE) is a natural antioxidant compound that can protect the skin from photocarcinogenesis (DNA damage due to ultraviolet exposure). GTE has low stability, which needs a delivery system such as Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) with decyl glucoside (DG) as a natural surfactant that at the right concentration can produce a significantly small particle size which can improve the stability of the NLC. Objective: To determine the effect of DG usage on the characteristics, physical stability, and irritability of NLC-GTE preparation. Methods: NLC-GTE preparation used the High Shear Homogenization (HSH) method with three formulas, which contained DG 2%, 2.5%, and 3% consecutively. Afterwards, the characteristic and physical stability tests were conducted using the thermal cycling method for three cycles with two different temperatures (48 hours/cycle, 2 - 8°C and 40°C). The irritability test used Hen's Egg Test on the Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) method. Results: Characteristic test of organoleptic showed that all formulas were white, odorless, and had a semi-solid consistency. However, the pH, particle size, and polydispersity index values from all formulas were within the normal range of values. The physical stability test result showed that 3% DG was the most stable formula. This formula was within the non-irritating range of values in HET-CAM. Conclusion: NLC-GTE with an increased concentration of DG as a surfactant can improve the characteristics and physical stability of the preparation. F3 (3% DG) is the best formula compared to other formulas and indicates non-irritating in the HET-CAM test.]]>
<![CDATA[Characteristic and Physical Stability of Anti-Aging Green Tea Extract (GTE) on NLC with Argan Oil as Liquid Lipid ]]>
<![CDATA[Anita Natalia Suryawijaya]]>;
<![CDATA[Tutiek Purwanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Djoko Agus Purwanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Widji Soeratri]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v9i22022.115-124
<![CDATA[Background: Green tea extract is a hydrophilic antioxidant that is difficult to penetrate. A nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) delivers a system consisting of solid-liquid lipids that can improve penetration. Argan oil is a vegetable oil that can be used as a liquid lipid in NLC, reducing particle size and increasing penetration by hydrating the skin. Objective: To determine the formula of NLC green tea extract (NLC-GTE) with liquid lipid argan oil, which has good characteristics and is stable. Methods: Preparation of NLC-GTE used the High Shear Homogenization with solid lipids (cetyl palmitate-glyceryl stearate) - liquid lipids (argan oil) NLC-GTE1 (50:50), NLC-GTE2 (70:30), and NLC-GTE3 (90:10). Characteristic tests included organoleptic, pH, particle size (PS), and polydispersity index (PI). The physical stability test (organoleptic, pH, PS, and PI) used the thermal cycling method (3 cycles six days). Result: NLC-GTE1 – NLC-GTE2 has an odor of argan oil. NLC-GTE3 has odorless. NLC-GTE1 – NLC-GTE3 has a pH scale from 5.782-5.784; PS ranges from 359.73–432.56 nm; PI ranges from 0.175-0.257. The statistical analysis results showed no significant difference between NLC-GTE1 – NLC-GTE3 in pH and PI, there was a significant difference in PS NLC-GTE1; NLC-GTE2 against NLC-GTE3. Physical stability test NLC-GTE2 – NLC-GTE3 phase separation occurs. The statistical analysis results showed no significant difference in pH values NLC-GTE1 – NLC-GTE3 "‹"‹before and after storage; there was a significant difference in NLC-GTE3 before and after storage. Conclusion: NLC-GTE1 was a formula with good characteristics and stability.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on the Characteristics and Physical Stability of NLC-Green Tea Extract ]]>
<![CDATA[Fairuz Yaumil Afra]]>;
<![CDATA[Widji Soeratri]]>;
<![CDATA[Djoko Agus Purwanto]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 9 No. 3 (2022): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v9i32022.229-234
<![CDATA[Background: The addition of alpha-lipoic acid in Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-Green Tea Extract (NLC-GTE) has potential to increase effectiveness of anti-aging preparations. It happened because alpha-lipoic acid can increase stability and antioxidant activity. Objective: Comparing the physical characteristics and stability of NLC-GTE with or without alpha-lipoic acid. Methods: NLC-GTE manufactured using the High Shear Homogenization method. NLC-GTE was divided into two formulas, without the addition of alpha-lipoic acid for F1 and with the addition of alpha-lipoic acid for F2. The characteristics and physical stability were tested, including organoleptic, pH, particle size, and polydispersity index. Stability test was held using the thermal cycling method. Results: Based on characteristic test, it was found that F2 had larger particle size value than F1. The average particle size value of F1 is 313.9 ± 0.76 nm and 423.4 ± 0.75 nm for F2. The F1 and F2 preparations had a polydispersity index value below 0.3, so they were homogeneous. The average pH value of F1 is 5.998 ± 0.01, and F2 is 4.798 ± 0.004. The physical stability test showed a difference before and after the sixth day in particle size and pH, but it was still in the range, so it was safe. However, there was a separation in F1 after day 6. Conclusion: Based on the characteristics and physical stability tests, F1 (without alpha-lipoic acid) and F2 (with alpha-lipoic acid) had differences in particle size and pH. From the physical stability test, it can be concluded that F2 is more stable than F1.]]>
<![CDATA[Determination of (+)-Catechin and Antioxidant Activity in Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br) Stem Bark Infusion ]]>
<![CDATA[Audrey Gracelia Riwu]]>;
<![CDATA[Jusak Nugraha]]>;
<![CDATA[Djoko Agus Purwanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Erwin Astha Triyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.1.59-65
<![CDATA[Oxidative stress is a condition that can damage human cells and tissues and has been linked to a number of illnesses, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disorders, and neurological diseases. Oxidative stress conditions can be brought on by pollution, radiation exposure, and an unhealthy lifestyle. Antioxidants are substances that can be used to both prevent and treat oxidative stress. This study aimed to identify and quantify (+)-catechin levels and antioxidant activity of the stem bark of Sterculia quadrifida R. Br extracted by the infusion method, a method similar to traditional medicine processing generally in the community. Determination of (+)-catechin and antioxidant activity of S. quadrifida were evaluated by HPLC and DPPH assay, respectively. Quantification of (+) catechin content by HPLC system with wavelength 280 nm and antioxidant activity by spectrophotometry method with wavelength 517 nm. The results show that the mean value of (+)-catechin level was 7.786% and the IC50 value of the antioxidant activity was 51.5 ug/mL having a moderate antioxidant activity category. S. quadrifida stem bark infusion can be utilized as a medication candidate for the prevention or treatment of a variety of disorders caused by oxidative stress.]]>
<![CDATA[Development and Validation GC/MS Method for Methamphetamine Analysis in Urine by Miniaturization QuEChERS ]]>
<![CDATA[Soraya Aulia]]>;
<![CDATA[Riesta Primaharinastiti]]>;
<![CDATA[Djoko Agus Purwanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023): July ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.451-460
<![CDATA[This paper explains the development of a quick and easy gas chromatography (GC) approach to identify methamphetamine in urine. This research used gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy and a capillary column TG-5SILMS (5% phenyl methyl siloxane, 30 m x 0.32 x 25 m). The carrier gas flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/minute, the temperature inlet and detector had been set at 300°C, and the oven temperature was programmed to initiate at 50°C and held for 1.5 minutes before being raised to 300°C at a rate 40°C/minute and held for 3 minutes. Sample pre-treatment by modification of the QuEChERS method includes using a relatively large amount of inorganic salt, extraction volume and extraction cycle. The optimal conditions for processing a 400 uL urine sample were 160 mg magnesium sulphate, 40 mg sodium chloride, and 400 uL acetonitrile for organic solvent. According to the validation test, the detection limit for methamphetamine was 0.36 ug/mL; the quantitation limit was 1.09 ug/mL, and the calibration curve followed the regression line. y=1.0489x-3.7914, coefficient (r) was 0.9973. The recovery of the analyte spiked into urine at 5, 7 and 9 ug/mL on average was 100.5±2.33% for intraday dan 93.3±7.21% for interday. The precision was excellent, with an average coefficient of variation of 2.31%. The procedure was applied to four urine samples from drug users and the first abuser (25.51 ug/mL), the second abuser (15.05 ug/mL), the third abuser (17.72 ug/mL) and the last abuser (3.08 ug/mL) were all satisfactorily quantitated.]]>
<![CDATA[EFEK ASAM ALFA-LIPOAT TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN NLC EKSTRAK TEH HIJAU DENGAN METODE DPPH ]]>
<![CDATA[Afra, Fairuz Yaumil]]>;
<![CDATA[Soeratri, Widji]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwanto, Djoko Agus]]>
<![CDATA[ JFM (Jurnal Farmasi Malahayati) Vol 7, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Farmasi Malahayati (JFM) ]]>
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DOI: 10.33024/jfm.v7i2.15920
<![CDATA[Ekstrak teh hijau senyawa yang berperan sebagai antiaging namun memiliki kelarutan yang sangat rendah dalam lipid sehingga dibuat sistem pembawa Nanoparticle Lipid Carrier (NLC). NLC ekstrak teh hijau mengalami fotodegradasi sehingga dilakukan penambahan ko-antioksidan yaitu asam alfa-lipoat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efek asam alfa-lipoat terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan F1 (tanpa asam alfa-lipoat) , F2 (1%) dan F3 (1,5%). Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengukur nilai penghambatan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan melakukan penyinaran UV sebelum dan sesudah 21 jam. Dari uji analisis statistik didapatkan hasil tidak ada perbedaan bermakna sebelum dan sesudah penyinaran UV selama 21 jam. Nilai persen penghambatan DPPH pada F2 dan F3 lebih tinggi dibandingkan F1. Penambahan asam alfa-lipoat memberikan aktivitas antioksidan lebih tinggi dibandingkan tidak menggunakan asam alfa-lipoat]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of Manalagi Apple Juice (Malus Sylvestris Mill) on Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Black Tea ]]>
<![CDATA[Fauziyah, Riska Salfa]]>;
<![CDATA[Darmawati, Asri]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwanto, Djoko Agus]]>
<![CDATA[ Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v9i2.42679
<![CDATA[Black tea (Camellia sinensis O.K var assamica) is one of the most widely consumed beverages by the public. Antioxidant compounds that can counteract free radicals are contained in Manalagi apple (Malus sylvestris Mill) juice and black tea. The purpose of this study was to prove that an increase in antioxidant activity and stability of black tea would be achieved with the addition of Manalagi apple juice. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method was used to determine their antioxidant activities in this study. Antioxidant activity was measured in black tea at 0, 6, and 24 hours after the addition of Manalagi apple juice. Antioxidant stability of black tea was compared to black tea added with Manalagi apple juice. The results obtained showed that higher antioxidant activity of a mixture of black tea and Manalagi apple juice was indicated than the antioxidant activity of black tea alone. It was shown that a lower IC50 of a mixture of black tea and Manalagi apple juice was obtained compared to black tea. An increase in the stability of the antioxidants in the black tea solution was also observed with the addition of Manalagi apple juice, and the slope of the linear equation % inhibition of the mixture was found to be lower by about one third than black tea. Because of this reason, a slowdown in the degradation rate of the antioxidant activity of black tea is achieved by adding Manalagi apple juice.Keywords: Black Tea, Manalagi Apple Juice, DPPH, Antioxidant]]>
