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EKO WAHYUDI
Program Penciptaan Seni Pascasarjana Institut Seni Indonesia (ISI) Surakarta
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Journal : Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management

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Paper Mill Sludge as a Substitute Material in Paving Blocks for a Sustainable Waste Management Approach Gunawan, Chandra; Fung, Liem Khe; Nul Hakim, Lukman; Wahyudi, Eko; Pramana, Angga; Zalfiatri, Yelmira
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management (JES-TM) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jestm.v5i2.269

Abstract

This study evaluates the use of Paper Mill Sludge (PMS) waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in paving block production, focusing on compressive strength and economic feasibility. PMS was incorporated at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the total fine aggregate weight. Compressive strength tests followed the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 03-0691-1996), accompanied by production cost analysis. The results showed that 5% PMS achieved the highest compressive strength of 264.23 kg/cm², about 7.7% higher than the control 258.71 kg/cm², meeting the SNI quality class B (K200) standard. Meanwhile, 10% PMS reduced production costs by 6–8% while still satisfying the minimum requirement for K200 paving blocks (category B). This demonstrates a clear trade-off between mechanical performance and cost efficiency, where 5% PMS ensures maximum strength, while 10% PMS provides adequate strength with economic benefits. At lower levels, PMS fibers improved cement–aggregate bonding and reduced voids, whereas higher dosages (>10%) disrupted hydration and lowered strength. Practically, PMS utilization offers the paving block industry a sustainable and cost-effective alternative that reduces reliance on natural aggregates, supports waste valorization, and aligns with SNI standards for applications such as parking lots.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Fadli Daud Agung Mustika Rizki, Agung Mustika Al Imran, Hamzah Ananda, Gheri Febri Angga Pramana, Angga Anggraini Puspita Sari Anggriawan, Teddy Prima Aryanto, Aisyah Octavianita Asfahani, Asfahani Ashshddiqi, Muhammad Hasbi Asukmajaya, Bobby Atmanegara, Fadhoil Rafsanjani Baidori, Baidori Chandra Gunawan Christiono, Kaleb Crisfaniyanti, Deslita Dedi Mulyadi Desyana, Desyana Didit Darmawan Dinadi, Naura Aisyla Edy Supriyanto Eka Ardhianto Endang Lestariningsih F., Mas Anienda Tien Farihah, Umi Fetmi Silvina Firdaus, Muhammad Adi Firza Prima Aditiawan Fitriah S. Jamin Fitriana, Zuhda Mila Fung, Liem Khe Galuh Setyowati, Yanna Gusti Eva Tavita Haket, Nurfadillah Handoko, Widiyanto Hari Murti Hariyanto, Oda I.B Heri Widodo Hesti Ningsih, Untari Irfandri, Irfandri Isnaini, Laylia Jaya, William Surya Jejen Jaenudin Joni Irawan, Joni Judijanto, Loso Khairul , Khairul Khotibul Umam Kurniadi Kurniadi, Kurniadi M. Amrul Khoiri Mahanani, Anajeng Esri Edhi Mohamad Rotmianto, Mohamad Mubin, Abdul MUHAMMAD ALI Nasanta, Ester Nawir Rasidi Ningrum, Leny Tritanto Novita Br Ginting Nul Hakim, Lukman Nurhidayah, T. Nurjanti Takarini Pratama, Muhammad Zulfian Surya Prayogo, Harri Putri, Shafanisa Aurelia Rahayu, Indah Rahmadhany, Denny Rahminingsih, Siska Elina Ramadhanty Kharisma Mufti Redjeki, Rara Risfendra, Risfendra Rommy Hardyansah Roy Ibrahim Ruli Utami, Ruli Safitri, Nurinda Ika sari, Delvia kartika Soekarno, Gendut Sudiaman, Maman Sugiono, Edi Suwarna, A. Idun Syafaadin, Mohammad Ricky Tontowi, Arif Jauhar Trizayuni, Riska Wardani, Deni Wijaya, Rian Farta Yelmira Zalfiatri Yuggo Afrianto Yusuf, Ramdan Zafitra, Zafitra