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MODEL SPASIAL TEMPORAL DAMPAK KENAIKAN MUKA AIR LAUT TERHADAP PERMUKIMAN PENDUDUK DI PULAU KECIL (KASUS: PULAU KARIMUNJAWA DAN PULAU KEMUJAN, KABUPATEN JEPARA) Angin, Robet Perangin; Adimu, Hasan Eldin; Ninef, Jotham S.R.; Galib, Muliani; Adibrata, Sudirman; Rahadiati, Ati; Yuliana, Ernik; Hafsaridewi, Rani; Khairuddin, Benny; Citra Kusuma, Luh Putu Ayu Savitri
Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi Vol 19 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Coastal areas (especially small islands) are vulnerable to impact from sea level rise (SLR). The submergence of areas that are economic centers will impactin huge losses. To avoid such losses it is necessary to manage small islands by using temporal spatial models. The aim of this article is to describe the development of a temporal spatial model to assess the vulnerability of settlements in small islands. The method used is dynamic system modeling combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) based on identification of environmental issues and conditions in small island, in this case Karimunjawa Island and Kemujan Island, Jepara Regency. The assumption used in the modeling is that there is no natural disaster or calamity that reduces the population, the death is considered normal death by referring to the average life expectancy of the Indonesian population (69 years), no coastal reclamation activities, no significant changes in ecosystem. The modeling results indicate that if the fraction of SLR 10 cm per year, will have an impact on the decreasing availability of settlement land. The height of SLR ranges from 0,5 meters in the 10th year, to 5,0 meters in the 100th year. As a result there will be puddle in the residential area of ​​13,02 ha in the 10th year and in the 100th year to 226,5 ha. Required environmental engineering efforts,such as develop coastal dike and reform plan of building, to reduce impact on the availability of settlement land. SLR that is affecting populations and settlements on Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island, require adaptation as an impact mitigation effort. Wilayah pesisir (terutama pulau kecil) sangat rentan terkena dampak dari peningkatan muka air laut. Terendamnya wilayah-wilayah yang merupakan sentra ekonomi akan mengakibatkan kerugian yang sangat besar. Untuk menghindari kerugian tersebut perlu pengelolaan pulau-pulau kecil dengan memanfaatkan model spasial dinamik/temporal. Tujuan studi adalah mengembangkan model spasial dinamik/temporal untuk mengkaji kerentanan permukiman penduduk di pulau-pulau kecil. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemodelan sistem dinamik/temporal (SD) dipadukan dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) berdasarkan identifikasi isu dan kondisi lingkungan di pulau kecil, yaitu Pulau Karimunjawa dan Pulau Kemujan, Kabupaten Jepara. Data yang digunakan adalah data pertumbuhan penduduk (data sekunder) dan peta dasar Pulau Karimunjawa dan Kemujan. Asumsi yang digunakan pada pemodelan adalah tidak terjadi bencana alam atau musibah yang mengurangi jumlah penduduk, kematian dianggap sebagai kematian normal dengan mengacu umur rata-rata harapan hidup penduduk Indonesia (69 tahun), tidak ada kegiatan reklamasi pantai, tidak ada perubahan ekosistem secara signifikan. Pemodelan spasial dinamik/temporal mengikuti tahapan sesuai dengan prosedur pemodelan. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa bila fraksi sea level rise (SLR) 10 cm per tahun, akan berdampak pada penurunan ketersediaan lahan permukiman. Tinggi kenaikan muka air laut berkisar antara 0,5 meter pada tahun ke-10, hingga mencapai ketinggian kenaikan 5,0 meter pada tahun ke-100. Akibatnya akan terjadi genangan air laut di permukiman penduduk seluas 13,02 ha pada tahun ke-10  danpada tahun ke-100 menjadi 226,5 ha. Diperlukan upaya rekayasa lingkungan, seperti membangun tanggul pantai dan memperbaiki rancangan konstruksi bangunan permukiman, agar dapat mengurangi dampak terhadap ketersediaan lahan permukiman. Kenaikan muka air laut yang berdampak terhadap penduduk dan permukiman di Pulau Karimunjawa dan Kemujan membutuhkan adanya adaptasi sebagai upaya mitigasi dampak.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Ikan Sidat (Anguilla marmorata) Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.) Murtini, Sri; Neksidin, Neksidin; Fekri, Latifa; Adimu, Hasan Eldin
Jurnal Media Akuatika Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Januari
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33772/jma.v7i1.22561

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji nutrisi yang terdapat pada limbah ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata) yang dapat dimanfaatkan ikan lele (Clarias sp.) sebagai pakan tambahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari 2 perlakuan dengan masing-masing 3 ulangan. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 30 hari. Jumlah ikan yang ditebar adalah 5 ekor/akuarium. Akuarium yang digunakan berukuran 30x40x50cm. Perlakuan A: pemeliharaan ikan lele dengan pakan komersil 3% dari biomassa, perlakuan B: pemeliharaan lele dengan pakan komersil 1% dari biomassa ditambahkan limbah sidat cair 3 liter/3 hari. Hasil pengujian kandungan nutrisi pada limbah sidat cair memiliki nilai protein sebesar 4% dengan kandungan amoniak sebesar 0,037 mg/L. Nilai SR ikan lele pada masing-masing perlakuan adalah 100%. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik pada perlakuan A sebesar 2,31% sedangkan pada perlakuan B sebesar 1,63%.  Biomassa ikan lele pada perlakuan A mengalami peningkatan sebesar 100% sementara perlakuan B biomassa ikan lele meningkat 65%. Namun berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata antar perlakuan (p>0,05) baik itu pada pengujian sintasan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik maupun konversi pakan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan limbah ikan sidat dapat mendukung peningkatan pertumbuhan ikan lele.Kata kunci: ikan lele, limbah pemeliharaan  ikan sidat, pakan. 
Reef Fish in the Mudflats of Kaledupa Island in Wakatobi National Park, Indonesia Ernik Yuliana; Adi Winata; Hasan Eldin Adimu; Yuni Tri Hewindati; Wibowo A. Djatmiko
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 2 (2022): March 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.2.245-254

Abstract

Although frequently described as low-fertility or low-productivity habitat, coastal mudflats serve as important feeding grounds for fish. Many fish species from adjacent coral reefs, seagrass beds, or mangroves foraging periodically in mudflats. Because of this foraging behaviour, some local fishermen are known to utilize the mudflats to catch fish. However, the impact of this catching activities to the ecosystem has not been fully discovered. An examination of the fish community structure and levels of environmental stress had carried out in the mudflat ecosystem of the coast of Kaledupa Island in Wakatobi National Park (WNP), Indonesia. Two mudflat study sites were selected from the shore of Balasuna and Tampara villages located between mangroves and coral reefs. Data were sampled from the fish catch of local fishermen using fish fences (sero) installed in each mudflat area. Fish community structure was analyzed using diversity index and index of relative importance (IRI). ABC curves and species exploitation rate were used to assess the local environmental pressure. A total of 74 fish species were recorded from the mudflats of Kaledupa, which was found to be dominated by reef-associated fish species, comprising 63 species and accounting for 85% of the total catch. Additionally, although both sites had relatively high reef fish diversity, the obtained Clarke’s W-statistic values were approximately 0, indicating that the local fish communities presented moderate levels of disturbance. Three out of five fish species with the highest IRI values were found to be over-exploited, namely Siganus canaliculatus, Lethrinus ornatus, and Lethrinus variegatus.
MODEL SPASIAL TEMPORAL DAMPAK KENAIKAN MUKA AIR LAUT TERHADAP PERMUKIMAN PENDUDUK DI PULAU KECIL (KASUS: PULAU KARIMUNJAWA DAN PULAU KEMUJAN, KABUPATEN JEPARA) Ati Rahadiati; Ernik Yuliana; Rani Hafsaridewi; Benny Khairuddin; Luh Putu Ayu Savitri Citra Kusuma; Robet Perangin Angin; Hasan Eldin Adimu; Jotham S.R. Ninef; Muliani Galib; Sudirman Adibrata
Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (726.382 KB) | DOI: 10.33830/jmst.v19i2.121.2018

Abstract

Coastal areas (especially small islands) are vulnerable to impact from sea level rise (SLR). The submergence of areas that are economic centers will impactin huge losses. To avoid such losses it is necessary to manage small islands by using temporal spatial models. The aim of this article is to describe the development of a temporal spatial model to assess the vulnerability of settlements in small islands. The method used is dynamic system modeling combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) based on identification of environmental issues and conditions in small island, in this case Karimunjawa Island and Kemujan Island, Jepara Regency. The assumption used in the modeling is that there is no natural disaster or calamity that reduces the population, the death is considered normal death by referring to the average life expectancy of the Indonesian population (69 years), no coastal reclamation activities, no significant changes in ecosystem. The modeling results indicate that if the fraction of SLR 10 cm per year, will have an impact on the decreasing availability of settlement land. The height of SLR ranges from 0,5 meters in the 10th year, to 5,0 meters in the 100th year. As a result there will be puddle in the residential area of ​​13,02 ha in the 10th year and in the 100th year to 226,5 ha. Required environmental engineering efforts,such as develop coastal dike and reform plan of building, to reduce impact on the availability of settlement land. SLR that is affecting populations and settlements on Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island, require adaptation as an impact mitigation effort. Wilayah pesisir (terutama pulau kecil) sangat rentan terkena dampak dari peningkatan muka air laut. Terendamnya wilayah-wilayah yang merupakan sentra ekonomi akan mengakibatkan kerugian yang sangat besar. Untuk menghindari kerugian tersebut perlu pengelolaan pulau-pulau kecil dengan memanfaatkan model spasial dinamik/temporal. Tujuan studi adalah mengembangkan model spasial dinamik/temporal untuk mengkaji kerentanan permukiman penduduk di pulau-pulau kecil. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemodelan sistem dinamik/temporal (SD) dipadukan dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) berdasarkan identifikasi isu dan kondisi lingkungan di pulau kecil, yaitu Pulau Karimunjawa dan Pulau Kemujan, Kabupaten Jepara. Data yang digunakan adalah data pertumbuhan penduduk (data sekunder) dan peta dasar Pulau Karimunjawa dan Kemujan. Asumsi yang digunakan pada pemodelan adalah tidak terjadi bencana alam atau musibah yang mengurangi jumlah penduduk, kematian dianggap sebagai kematian normal dengan mengacu umur rata-rata harapan hidup penduduk Indonesia (69 tahun), tidak ada kegiatan reklamasi pantai, tidak ada perubahan ekosistem secara signifikan. Pemodelan spasial dinamik/temporal mengikuti tahapan sesuai dengan prosedur pemodelan. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa bila fraksi sea level rise (SLR) 10 cm per tahun, akan berdampak pada penurunan ketersediaan lahan permukiman. Tinggi kenaikan muka air laut berkisar antara 0,5 meter pada tahun ke-10, hingga mencapai ketinggian kenaikan 5,0 meter pada tahun ke-100. Akibatnya akan terjadi genangan air laut di permukiman penduduk seluas 13,02 ha pada tahun ke-10 danpada tahun ke-100 menjadi 226,5 ha. Diperlukan upaya rekayasa lingkungan, seperti membangun tanggul pantai dan memperbaiki rancangan konstruksi bangunan permukiman, agar dapat mengurangi dampak terhadap ketersediaan lahan permukiman. Kenaikan muka air laut yang berdampak terhadap penduduk dan permukiman di Pulau Karimunjawa dan Kemujan membutuhkan adanya adaptasi sebagai upaya mitigasi dampak.
PENDEKATAN SISTEM SOSIAL – EKOLOGI DALAM PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH PESISIR SECARA TERPADU Rani Hafsaridewi; Benny Khairuddin; Jotham Ninef; Ati Rahadiati; Hasan Eldin Adimu
Buletin Ilmiah Marina Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 4, No 2 (2018): DESEMBER 2018
Publisher : Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6482.964 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/marina.v4i2.7389

Abstract

Pemanfaatan sumber daya di wilayah pesisir mencakup konteks sosial multiple use, berbagai bentuk kepemilikan, dan konflik atas penggunaan sumber daya. Sistem ekologi di daerah  pesisir sangat berhubungan erat dengan/dan dipengaruhi oleh satu atau lebih sistem sosial. Pendekatan kontemporer pengelolaan pesisir dan lautan berbasis sosial - ekologi pada dasarnya adalah integrasi antara pemahaman ekologi (ecological understanding) dan  nilai – nilai sosial ekonomi (socio-economic value).  Analisis sistem ekologi-sosial (SES) dalam pengelolaan wilayah pesisir terpadu  mampu memberikan suatu pendekatan yang interdisipliner dan framework pengelolaan sumber daya yang berkelanjutan. Analisis SES dapat menjadi basis pengetahuan untuk mengatasi secara sistematis masalah yang kompleks dalam pengelolaan pesisir secara terpadu, selain itu juga dapat mengembangkan suatu strategi berbasis pengetahuan dalam memahami proses-proses ekologi dan sosial pada dimensi sistem dan skala yang berbeda.Title: Social – Ecological System (SES) Approach In Integrated Coastal ManagementUtilization of resources in coastal areas includes multiple use social contexts, various forms of ownership, and conflicts of interest. The purpose of this paper is to learn about the Social-Ecological System approach in integrated coastal management. Ecological systems in coastal areas have a very close relationship with / and are influenced by the social system. Basically the contemporary approach of coastal management based on social-ecology system (SES) is the integration between ecological understanding and socio-economic value. SES analysis in integrated coastal area management is able to provide an interdisciplinary approach and a sustainable resource management framework. SES analysis can be a knowledge base for dealing systematically with complex problems in integrated coastal management, while also developing a knowledge-based strategy in understanding ecological and social processes in different dimensions of the system and scale. 
Studi Komunitas Padang Lamun di Kecamatan Tanggetada, Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara Ilham Antariksa Tasabaramo; Riska Riska; Petrus C. Makatipu; Aditya Hikmah Nugraha; Hasan Eldin Adimu
Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik Vol 5 No 4 (2021): November
Publisher : Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2021.Vol.5.No.4.187

Abstract

Tanggetada District has a large area of seagrass beds and is often used by the community. Seagrass beds in this area have not been scientifically confirmed, both in terms of species, density and seagrass communities. This study aims to determine the type and density of seagrass in Tanggetada District. The method used in this study is a quadratic transect method in an area of 100 m2 at each station. The location of the research was carried out at 3 stations, namely Station 1 in Tanggetada Village, Station 2 in Palewai Village and Station 3 in Anaiwoi Village. The results showed that 6 species of seagrass were found in Tanggetada District, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, and Syringodium isoetifolium. Seagrass density is included in the category of dense and rare. Station 1 has a high density of seagrass with a dense category of 160.46 ind/m2, then Station 2 with a rather dense seagrass density of 117.49 ind/m2 and Station 3 with a low density of seagrass with a rare category of 60.59 ind/m2. Thalassia Hempricii is a seagrass that has the highest density value compared to other seagrass speciesseagrass density in the rare category. Thalassia Hempricii is a seagrass that has the highest density value compared to other seagrass species.
PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PERIKANAN TANGKAP SKALA KECIL DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA, SULAWESI TENGGARA Ramlah S; Hasan Eldin Adimu; Asni Asni; Latifa Fekri
Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 12, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jksekp.v12i1.10573

Abstract

Sektor perikanan tangkap memiliki peran penting dalam upaya meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat. Salah satunya dengan pengembangan usaha nelayan skala kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pengembangan usaha perikanan skala kecil dan menganalisis tingkat efisiensi jenis alat tangkap nelayan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Kolaka, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer berdasarkan hasil wawancara langsung di lapangan serta data sekunder dikumpulkan dari instansi pemerintah terkait. Kegiatan usaha perikanan tangkap skala kecil, khususnya pada alat tangkap pancing tonda dan rawai dasar, memiliki nilai efisiensi yang rendah jika dilihat dari nilai profitabilitasnya, yaitu 20% dan 30%, jika dibandingkan dengan alat tangkap jala jatuh berkapal dan bagan dengan nilai profitabilitas, yaitu 40% dan 50%. Secara umum, perikanan skala kecil di Kolaka masih sangat memiliki ketergantungan dengan pemilik modal usaha untuk menjalankan kegiatan perikanan. Pengembangan usaha perikanan, khususnya pada alat tangkap yang memiliki nilai efisiensi rendah, perlu bantuan modal yang besar untuk meningkatkan nilai pendapatannya. Kebijakan perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Kolaka dikelola oleh Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas (UPTD) Perikanan Tangkap, khususnya pada bidang pemberdayaan nelayan skala kecil. Title: Analysis of Small Scale Catch Fisheries Business in Kolaka District, South SulawesiThe capture fisheries sector has an important role in efforts to improve the community’s economy, one of which is the development of small-scale fishing businesses. This study aims to determine the potential for developing small-scale fisheries and to analyze the efficiency level of types of fishing gear. The research location is in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, the data used is primary data based on the results of direct interviews in the field and secondary data collected from relevant government agencies. Small-scale capture fishery business activities, especially in line fishing gear and basic longlines, have low-efficiency values seen from their profitability values, namely 20%, and 30% compared to fishing gear, Jalah Jatu, and boats, with profitability values of 40% and 50%, respectively. In general, small-scale fisheries in Kolaka are still very dependent on business capital owners to carry out fishing activities. The development of fisheries business, especially in fishing gear that has a low-efficiency value, requires large capital assistance to increase the value of its income. Small-scale fisheries policies in Kolaka Regency are managed by the Capture Fisheries Technical Implementation Unit, especially in the field of empowering small-scale fishermen.
The Mapping Resource Conflicts Based on Land Use and Land Cover Data in Kaledupa Island Marine Conservation Area of Wakatobi National Park Al Azhar; Hasan Eldin Adimu; Latifa Fekri; Ari Anggoro
Coastal and Marine Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Yayasan Serumpun Karang Konservasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61548/cmj.v1i1.2

Abstract

  Impact conflict social in a conservation area is generally more significant in the islands minor because competition limits space and resources. Objective study This is a complete stakeholder analysis of the interests (stakeholders) involved in the utilization of land and resources in nature. Data used in studies mapping conflict social This consists of two types, namely qualitative data related to the existence of the stakeholder's interests and spatial data. Qualitative data obtained from studies literature results in research, observation field, and interviews deep with the critical actor (key actor). At the same time, spatial data is an Island LULC Kaledupa 2016 (result in classification guided Landsat 8 imagery OLI), and derived MSP from map topography island (result in SRTM data analysis). Utilization stakeholder resource nature and management area on the Island Kaledupa shared into five categories: authority manager area conservation, Institution Central Government (Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries), government area Wakatobi, social economy local, and nongovernmental organizations. Mapping conflict utilization resource nature and management area on the Island Kaledupa is beneficial in formulating input consensus policy among all stakeholders.
The Coral Reefs Health Level in The Local Use Zone of Lentea Island Wakatobi National Park, Indonesia Hasan Eldin Adimu; Tezza Fauzan; Latifa Fekri; La Ode Abdul Fajar Hasidu; Ilham Antariksa Tsabaramo
Coastal and Marine Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Yayasan Serumpun Karang Konservasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61548/cmj.v1i1.9

Abstract

Coral reefs are marine resources that are most vulnerable to disturbances from both human and natural activities. Fishing activities that are not environmentally friendly such as bombardment and potassium are still found in coastal areas and threaten the resources in the conservation area. This research will look at the health condition of coral reefs in conservation areas, especially in local utilization zones. In this zone the activity of exploiting marine resources is very high, therefore data is needed to find out and prove whether the use of marine resources is damaging. Locations were selected at four stations on Lentea Island which are included in the local use zone in the conservation area. The assessment uses the PIT (Point Intercept Transect) method. The results of the assessment showed that the coral reefs on Lentea Island were in the bad to good category (24.0% -50.3%). This data shows that there are still destructive marine resource utilization activities in the local utilization zone.
Stok Karbon Organik Sedimen di Kawasan Ekosistem Mangrove Pesisir Kabupaten Kolaka Sulawesi Tenggara: Organic Carbon Stock in the Mangrove Ecosystem Area of Kolaka Coastal Line Southeast Sulawesi Fajar Hasidu; Maharani Maharani; Gaby Nanda Kharisma; Ramlah Saleh; Putri Grace Simamora; Sri Rezeki; Arif Prasetya; La Ode Muhamad Hazairin Nadia; Zulfathri Randhi; Hasan Eldin Adimu
Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati Vol. 9 No. 3 (2023): 2023
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsdh.9.3.104-108

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystem can absorb and store carbon stock in their biomass and sediment. This ecosystem plays an important role in the carbon cycle. This study aimed to analyze the C-organic content and organic carbon stock of sediment, also CO2 absorption. The sediment sampling was conducted in the Kolaka Coastal line mangroves using a Peat Auger for 1 m of sediment depth. Then the sediment was separated into four layers. Then the sediment samples were oven dried at 50°C for 1 week for sediment bulk density analysis (SBD). The analysis of the C-organic content of sediment was done by the LOI method. The estimation of sediment carbon stock using sediment C-organic data and SBD data. The results showed that the highest average of C-organic content was in station 3 (4.12±0.15%). In the othher hand, the highest average of SBD was in station 1 (0.67±0.02 g cm-3). Overall, the total of sediment C-organic stock in station 1 was higher than other station (233.67±11.90 Mg C ha-1). The total capacity of CO2 absorption by sediment in the station 1 was also higher than other station (856.77±37.66 Mg CO2 ha-1). The sediment C-organic stock was influenced by C-organic content and SBD value.
Co-Authors Adi Imam Wahyudi Adi Winata Adibrata, Sudirman Aditya Hikmah Nugraha Aditya Hikmat Nugraha Agusriyadin, Agusriyadin Al Azhar Ardiansyah, M. Ipal Ari Anggoro Arif Prasetya Asmadin Asni Asni Asriyana, . Ati Rahadiati Ati Rahadiati Ati Rahadiati, Ati Awal, Samsi Benny Khairuddin Benny Khairuddin Citra Kusuma, Luh Putu Ayu Savitri Ermayanti Ishak, Ermayanti Ernik Yuliana Faradisa Anindita Fitra Wira Hadinata Gaby Nanda Kharisma Galib, Muliani Hafsaridewi, Rani Halili Halili Harimudin, Jamal Hasidu, La Ode Abdul Fajar Haya, La Ode Muhammad Hewindati, Yuni Tri Ilham Antariksa Tasabaramo Ilham Antariksa Tasabaramo, Ilham Antariksa ira Kamur, Sudarwin Kangkuso Analuddin, Kangkuso Khairuddin, Benny La Ode Adiparman Rudia La Ode Muhamad Hazairin Nadia Landu, Anti Latifa Fekri Latifa Fekri Latifa Fekri Lely Okmawaty Anwar Luh Putu Ayu Savitri Citra Kusuma Maharani Maharani Muhamad Jalil Baari Muhammad Aswar Limi Muhammad Ramli Muhammad Syaiful Muliani Galib Mustam MUSTARI Nabila Maulidia Neksidin, Neksidin Nikanor Hersal Armos Ninef, Jotham S.R. Nurgayah, Wa Oxy Ramadhani Pariakan, Arman Perangin-angin, Robet Petrus C. Makatipu Putri Cahyani Putri Delilah Awaliyah Putri Grace Simamora Ramad Arya Fitra Ramlah S Ramlah Saleh Ramlah Saleh Rani Hafsaridewi Rani Hafsaridewi Riska Riska Riska Riska Saenuddin Saenuddin Saleh, Ramlah Sri Fatma Sari Sri Murtini Sri Rezeki Tezza Fauzan Utama K. Pangerang Wa Ode Nanang Trisna Dewi Wibowo A. Djatmiko Yasidi, Farid Yundari, Yundari Yusnaini Yusnaini Zulfathri Randhi