Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Ekstrak Air Biji Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Efektif Menekan Jamur Colletotrichum sp., Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa Cabai dalam Uji In-Vitro Suganda, Tarkus; Rizqullah, Ahmad Fauzan; Widiantini, Fitri
Agrikultura Vol 34, No 2 (2023): Agustus, 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v34i2.48575

Abstract

Antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum sp., merupakan penyakit yang sangat merugikan pada tanaman cabai.  Mengingat pentingnya nilai ekonomi tanaman cabai, maka untuk mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa, fungisida sintetik digunakan secara intensif sehingga dapat menyebabkan berbagai dampak yang merugikan. Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif dari aplikasi fungisida sintetik, pestisida nabati menjadi salah satu pilihan. Tanaman adas (Foeniculum vulgare) yang dilaporkan memiliki efek antifungal telah diuji coba secara in-vitro terhadap pertumbuhan koloni, produksi, dan perkecambahan konidia jamur Coletotrichum sp. isolat cabai di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Februari - April 2023. Empat konsentrasi ekstrak air biji adas (w/v), yaitu 2,5%, 5,0%, 7,5% dan 10% dengan kontrol tanpa ekstrak dan pembanding fungisida propineb 0,14% telah diuji coba dalam suatu percobaan experimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat ulangan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air biji adas dapat menghambat pertumbuhan koloni, produksi konidia, dan perkecambahan konidia jamur Colletotrichum sp. Ekstrak air biji adas konsentrasi 10% memiliki daya hambat paling tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan koloni dengan daya hambat 63,3% (kuat), produksi konidia dengan daya hambat 76,5% (sangat kuat) dan perkecambahan konidia dengan daya hambat 58,5% (kuat) berdasarkan kriteria Antifungal Activity (AFA).
Kejadian dan Uji Hipersensitivitas Bakteri yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Busuk Batang Jagung di Sumbawa Nusa Tenggara Barat Fitri, Elysa; Widiantini, Fitri; Yulia, Endah
Agrikultura Vol 34, No 2 (2023): Agustus, 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v34i2.48717

Abstract

Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas penting yang mendukung perekonomian nasional di Indonesia, khususnya bagi masyarakat Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Keberadaan penyakit tanaman pada tanaman jagung dikhawatirkan menjadi ancaman terhadap produktivitas jagung di NTB. Salah satu penyakit yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian hasil yang tinggi pada tanaman jagung adalah penyakit busuk batang yang dilaporkan disebabkan oleh patogen bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi kejadian penyakit dan menguji hipersensitivitas bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan penyakit busuk batang pada tanaman jagung di Kabupaten Sumbawa. Observasi di lapangan dilakukan di Kabupaten Sumbawa NTB sementara percobaan laboratorium dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Karantina Tumbuhan Sumbawa dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, pada rentang waktu dari Februari hingga April 2023. Hasil survei lapangan menunjukkan bahwa gejala penyakit busuk batang ditemukan pada 13 lokasi pertanaman jagung di Kabupaten Sumbawa termasuk Kecamatan Moyo Hulu, Utan, Labangka, Labuhan Badas, Unter Iwes dan Potatano dengan kejadian penyakit yang masih rendah. Hasil uji Gram menunjukkan 13 isolat yang diperoleh adalah Gram negatif yang merupakan karakteristik umum bakteri patogen. Hasil uji hipersensitivitas pada daun tembakau menunjukkan gejala positif untuk 13 isolat bakteri tersebut.
Growth Inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani and Its Infection Inhibition on the Rice Seedling by Rice Endophytic Bacteria Widiantini, Fitri; Yulia, Endah; Fiko, Dinda Sekar
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 18 No 2 (2022): Maret 2022
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.18.2.75-84

Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani merupakan salah satu patogen penting pada tanaman padi yang dapat menyebabkan hawar pada benih, daun, dan pelepah daun. Penyakit hawar pelepah ini menjadi masalah yang cukup serius di berbagai negara penanam padi, termasuk Indonesia. Pengendalian yang mengandalkan penggunaan pestisida sintetis dan varietas tahan sering kali menimbulkan permasalahan baru baik pencemaran lingkungan maupun munculnya populasi patogen resisten sehingga masih diperlukan pengendalian yang lebih aman dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini melaporkan potensi bakteri endofit asal tanaman padi sehat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan R. solani secara in vitro dan kemampunnya dalam menekan infeksi R. solani pada perkecambahan padi. Percobaan menggunakan metode kultur ganda antara galur-galur bakteri endofit dan R. solani. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan koloni R. solani dan pertumbuhan miselium secara mikroskopis. Pengujian dilanjutkan dengan memperlakukan benih padi menggunakan bakteri endofit. Benih padi yang telah dilapisi dengan bakteri endofit kemudian ditumbuhkan pada medium agar-agar dekstrosa kentang yang telah ditumbuhi R. solani. Tingkat gangguan penyakit hawar pada benih menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua galur bakteri yang diuji dapat menghambat pertumbuhan koloni R. solani dan juga menyebabkan malformasi pada miseliumnya. Aplikasi bakteri endofit pada benih padi juga secara nyata menurunkan tingkat infeksi R. solani pada benih padi. Di antara bakteri yang diuji, OS7 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agens pengendali hayati hawar pelepah yang disebabkan oleh R. solani. Penelitian dalam skala rumah kaca dan skala lapangan perlu dilakukan lebih lanjut.
Isolation of Potential Nitrogen-Fixing Phylloplane Bacteria and in Vitro Detection of Their Ability to Inhibit the Growth of Colletotrichum: Isolation of Potential Nitrogen-Fixing Phylloplane Bacteria and in Vitro Detection of Their Ability to Inhibit the Growth of Colletotrichum Widiantini, Fitri; Syahnur, Fitika; Hidayat, Yusup; Yulia, Endah
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 20 No 1 (2024): Januari 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.20.1.32-44

Abstract

Isolation of Potential Nitrogen-Fixing Phylloplane Bacteria and in Vitro Detection of Their Ability to Inhibit the Growth of Colletotrichum Anthracnose is one of the significant diseases in chili plants caused by Colletotrichum spp., with potential yield losses of up to 100%. The negative impact of fungicide use forces the search for biocontrol agents as part of environmentally friendly disease management. One of the sources where these biocontrol agents can be found is in the phyllosphere. This experiment aimed to obtain antagonistic bacteria from the phyllosphere of healthy chili plants that have the potential to be developed as biocontrol agents and potentially increase the nutrition uptake through nitrogen-fixation. Healthy chili plants were obtained from red chili plantations in Cijambu Village and Nanggerang Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java. Isolation using Nitrogen-free media and screening for antagonistic activity resulted in the isolation of eight bacterial strains, namely strains CJB1, CJB2, CJB3, CJB4, CJB5, NGR1, NGR2, and NGR3. The antagonistic tests on these eight bacterial strains were then conducted against various Colletotrichum spp. strains from different chili cultivation centers in Garut, Lembang, Sumedang, and Jatinangor. The testing was carried out using a dual-culture method followed by the examination of volatile compound activity using the double compartment method. The results showed that phyllosphere bacteria NGR1, CJB1, and CJB5 consistently demonstrated abilities to inhibit the growth of four Colletotrichum spp. strains, both directly through antagonistic tests and based on the volatile anticendawan compound activity produced by these bacterial strains. Malformations in the mycelium of Colletotrichum spp. were also detected when the pathogen was directly exposed to phyllosphere bacteria or their volatile compounds. This experiment indicates that phyllosphere bacteria that potentially capable of fixing nitrogen also have the potential to be developed as biocontrol agents for Colletotrichum spp.
Antagonistic Effects of Bacterial Rhizosphere of Oil Palm in Biocontrol of Basal Stem Rot Disease (Ganoderma boninense Pat.) Widiantini, Fitri; Nugraha, Gema Takbir; Yulia, Endah; Nasahi, Ceppy
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 6 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.6.1071-1081

Abstract

Basal stem rot disease caused by Ganoderma boninense is a major problem for oil palm cultivation. The research was conducted to obtain biocontrol agents from rhizosphere of oil palm to control the disease as part of sustainable pest management in oil palm plantation. Rhizosphere bacteria were isolated from rhizospheres of healthy oil palm trees. Isolation of bacteria was done using serial dilution method. The isolated bacteria were then tested for its antifungal activity against G. boninense in vitro using dual culture assay. The ability of the bacteria to produce antifungal compound was also determined by culturing the bacteria on ISP2 liquid media. Once the bacterial cells were removed, the crude metabolites were then tested against G. boninense using agar well diffusion and toothpick colonization. The result showed that several isolates demonstrated strong antifungal activity against G. boninense. Some isolates were also able to degrade chitin and to solubilize phosphate. Furthermore, the crude metabolites produced by the rhizosphere bacteria demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth of G. boninense in the agar diffusion method. Colonization of the G. boninense on toothpick following soaking in the crude metabolites was also inhibited. The isolated rhizosphere bacteria (BARK7 and BARK15 in which identified as Burkholderia sp.) showed promising ability to be developed as biocontrol agent for basal stem rot disease of oil palm.
The role of nutrient solutions on Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria population, Phosphorus availability, Phosphorus uptake, growth and yield of Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) Fitriatin, Betty Natalie; Ghifari, Raden Faqih Hilmiy; Sofyan, Emma Trinurani; Widiantini, Fitri; Fakhrurroja, Hanif; Simarmata, Tualar
Kultivasi Vol 23, No 3 (2024): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v23i3.58764

Abstract

Red chili consumption in Indonesia has increased every year. However, with large chili production to meet large consumption, land conversion for various purposes has reduced the harvested area. The efforts to increase the harvested area of chili using Inceptisols soil by providing nutrient solutions to overcome the infertility of the soil using its nutrients. This experiment aims to determine the effect of nutrient solution application on the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, phosphorus availability, phosphorus uptake, growth, and yield of Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in Inceptisols. The experiment was conducted from August 2023 to February 2024 at Ciparanje Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, and the analysis process was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biology and Soil Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran., using a factorial randomized block design with two factors, nutrient solutions concentrates (1200, 1600, 2000 ppm) and nutrient solutions doses (200, 400, 600 mL), resulting in nine treatments and three replications. The results showed that the treatment of nutrient solution concentration and dose increased the number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, and yield of chili with grade A. Treatment with 2000 ppm concentrate + 600 mL dose gave the best results on the number of fruits per plant (44.7 fruits), fruit weight per plant (725g), and grade A chili yield (73 fruits).
Inventory and Disease Incidence in 38 Accessions of Taro Plants (Colocasia esculenta L.) in Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java Yulia, Endah; Yunira, Alma; Hidayat, Syarif; Djaya, Luciana; Widiantini, Fitri; Suganda, Tarkus; Karuniawan, Agung
CROPSAVER Vol 7, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cropsaver.v7i2.58942

Abstract

Taro is an important agricultural commodity with considerable prospects for international market competition. However, its cultivation faces several challenges, particularly pathogen infections that can lead to substantial yield losses. Conducting a disease inventory in taro plants is essential for effective disease management and serves as a preliminary step in developing resistant taro varieties. This study aimed to document diseases affecting 38 accessions of taro plants. The research was conducted from August to October 2021 at the Ciparanje Jatinangor Experimental Field and the Phytopathology Laboratory within the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, located in Sumedang Regency. The methodology employed both qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. Data collection involved observing the incidence and severity of diseases, as well as identifying the pathogens responsible for the diseases. A total of 292 taro plants were examined during this study. The diseases identified included brown leaf spot (Cladosporium colocasiae), shot hole (Phoma sp.), orange leaf spot (Neojohnstonia colocasiae), white leaf spot (putative Pseudocercospora colocasiae), and leaf blight (Phytophthora colocasiae), along with other symptoms suspected to be caused by root pathogens and viruses.The most prevalent disease observed at the experimental site was brown spot disease, while leaf blight was identified as the most damaging. The incidence of leaf spot and leaf blight reached 100% across nearly all accessions of taro planted at the research site, with the highest severity of disease recorded at 49.65%.
Breeding Methods for Antrachnose Resistant Chili Pepper in the Last Decade: A Review Putra, Fitriansyah; Carsono, Nono; Widiantini, Fitri; Bakti, Citra; Mitalo, Oscar W.; Kang, Seung Won
AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 8 No 2 (2024): AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/agrosainstek.v8i2.796

Abstract

Chili is one of the most economically valuable commodities cultivated worldwide. The high interest in chili can be attributed to capsaicin, which provides a spicy sensation when consumed. The level of interest in chili cultivation does not necessarily correlate with the yields obtained. The loss in production and yield can be attributed to the disruption of the Colletotrichum spp., which causes anthracnose disease. Breeding for anthracnose-resistant chili has been a focus of research for many scientists in various countries. Conventional and molecular methods are employed in the production of anthracnose-resistant chilies. This study will examine a range of articles and investigate the development of anthracnose-resistant chilies. The article was searched in the Scopus database. The articles were filtered based on the publication date range of 2014 to 2024, resulting in 343 articles. Furthermore, the articles were evaluated based on predetermined criteria, resulting in the identification of 22 articles. The breeding of anthracnose-resistant chili plants employs a range of conventional and molecular techniques to identify the most suitable lines. Various techniques, including crossing and different kinds of selection, were employed and validated through the development of molecular markers. Markers and genes have been identified, including RA80f6_r1, RA80f6_g1, RA80f6_g2, and RCT1, which are responsible for anthracnose resistance. This review provides an overview of the various anthracnose-resistant chili breeding methods.
Identifikasi Molekuler Isolat Bakteri Entomopatogen, Uji Keamanan Hayati serta Potensinya untuk Pengendalian Serangga Hama Susanti, Rista; Widiantini, Fitri; Dono, Danar
Agrikultura Vol 35, No 3 (2024): Desember, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v35i3.58413

Abstract

Bakteri entomopatogen merupakan mikroorganisme dengan potensi besar sebagai sumber toksin dan metabolit yang dapat digunakan dalam program pengendalian serangga hama, salah satunya adalah bakteri Serratia marcescens. Toksin dan enzim degradatif ekstraseluler seperti protease dan kitinase yang disekresi oleh S. marcescens merupakan faktor virulensi, sehingga membuat bakteri ini sangat mematikan bagi serangga. Bakteri entomopatogen sebagai agen pengendali hama harus ramah lingkungan dan tidak berbahaya baik bagi manusia maupun spesies non-target. Pengujian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri entomopatogen secara molekuler dengan target S. marcescens dari berbagai sumber serangga terinfeksi, kemudian dilakukan pengujian terkait potensinya dalam mengendalikan serangga hama dan uji keamanan hayati meliputi uji aktivitas kitinase dan uji aktivitas protease, uji hemolisis darah, uji hipersensitivitas, serta uji resistensi antibiotik. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Agens Hayati dan Laboratorium Molekuler Balai Besar Peramalan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan (BBPOPT) Jatisari Karawang pada bulan Oktober 2023-Februari 2024. Hasil identifikasi secara molekuler dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 isolat bakteri kode Sm01-Sm12, 11 isolat teridentifikasi sebagai Serratia marcescens sedangkan isolat Sm03 teridentifikasi sebagai Serratia nematodiphila. Isolat Sm02, Sm07 dan Sm11 memiliki aktivitas kitinolitik dan proteolitik serta tidak menunjukkan reaksi hemolisis darah dan hipersensitif tanaman tembakau. Isolat Sm02 dan Sm07 sensitif terhadap 8 jenis antibiotik yang diujikan, yaitu Chloramphenicol 30 µg, Doxycycline 30 µg, Cefotaxime 30 µg, Sulphamethoxazole 25 µg, Ciprofloxacin 5 µg, Gentamicin 10 µg, Amikacin 30 µg, dan Tetracycline 30 µg, sedangkan Sm11 sensitif terhadap 6 jenis antibiotik yang diujikan selain Doxycycline dan Tetracycline. Dengan demikian, bakteri entomopatogen Serratia marcescens isolat Sm02, Sm07 dan Sm11 merupakan isolat yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan dalam pengendalian serangga hama, serta layak untuk pengujian-pengujian tahap selanjutnya.
Eksplorasi Bakteri Potensial sebagai Agens Pengendali Hayati dan Uji Antagonistiknya terhadap Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds Penyebab Penyakit Gugur Daun Karet Riswandi, Hafiz; Widiantini, Fitri; Yulia, Endah; Christita, Margaretta; Parakkasi, Karmilla
Agrikultura Vol 36, No 1 (2025): April, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v36i1.60502

Abstract

Karet (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.) adalah tanaman perkebunan yang masuk dalam famili Euphorbiaceae dan berasal dari Brazil. Karet merupakan salah satu komoditas penting bagi sektor perkebunan di Indonesia. Sebagai negara yang memiliki luas lahan karet terluas di dunia, produktivitas perkebunan karet di Indonesia masih rendah apabila dibandingkan dengan Thailand. Penyakit gugur daun merupakan salah satu masalah dalam budidaya tanaman karet di Indonesia karena mengakibatkan kerugian hasil yang tinggi. Patogen penyebab penyakit gugur daun juga mengganggu produksi perkebunan karet swasta di Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksplorasi bakteri agens pengendali hayati dan menguji daya antagonisnya terhadap jamur patogen penyebab penyakit gugur daun. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur sementara percobaan laboratorium dilaksanakan di Gedung Genomik dan Gedung InaCC – BRIN, Cibinong pada bulan September 2023 hingga Juni 2024. Hasil uji daya antagonis memperoleh tiga isolat bakteri— F1.4, E1.3, dan E5.2—yang berpotensi sebagai agens pengendali hayati. Tiga isolat bakteri tersebut merupakan bakteri Gram negatif. Isolat bakteri F1.4 dan E1.3 mampu menghasilkan enzim kitinase secara kualitatif. Hasil uji hemolisis dan hipersensitivitas menunjukkan gejala negatif untuk ketiga isolat bakteri tersebut. Penelitan ini diharapkan mampu memberikan gambaran mengenai potensi agens pengendali hayati dalam mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan untuk tanaman karet.
Co-Authors Adelia Septiandini Aditya Bintan Pratama Agung Karuniawan Agung Kurniawan Agus Susanto Agus Susanto Agus Susanto Aina Anna Roosda Andang Purnama Andang Purnama Andang Purnama Asri Peni Wulandari Avissa Ayuningdiyas Betty Natalie Fitriatin Ceppy Nasahi Citra Bakti, Citra Danar Dono Danar Dono Deni Ariyono Dewi, Vira Kusuma Dinda Sekar Ayu Fiko Dwindry Formanda Dwisari Januarily Pitaloka Elga Sari Ema Komalasari Ema Komalasari, Ema Emma Trinurani Sofyan Endah Yulia Endah Yulia Endah Yulia Endah Yulia Yulia Fajri Maulana Anugrah Fakhrurroja, Hanif Feliatra Fiko, Dinda Sekar Fitri, Elysa Fuji Hartati Fuji Hartati Ghifari, Raden Faqih Hilmiy Hadi Syahir Muhadam Hersanti - Hersanti HERSANTI Hilda Sandra Utami Ida Nurhelawati Ida Nurhelawati Ifa Dwi LUTHFIANA Kang, Seung Won Kartika Sari Kirana Sonya Harviana Krissanti, Petra Sulistya Dian Lindung Tri Puspasari Luciana Djaya, Luciana Margaretta Christita, Margaretta Mia Rahmah Qadryani Mitalo, Oscar W. Muhammad Maksum Nabilla, Anisa Neneng S Widayani Nia Rossiana Nono Carsono Nono Carsono Noor Istifadah Noor Istifadah Nugraha, Gema Takbir Parakkasi, Karmilla Prabowo, Yudhisa Hendri Putra, Fitriansyah Putu Ghita Novilaressa Ramdan Firmansah Rangga Irawan Prasetyo RIKA MELIANSYAH Riswandi, Hafiz Rizqullah, Ahmad Fauzan Safri Ishmayana Santa Monica Santika Sari Satriyo Restu Adhi Serly Noviyawati Silviya Rahma Dhiya Syafira Siska Rasiska SIska Rasiska, SIska Sri Hartati Sri Hartati Sudarjat Sudarjat Sukmono Suwignyo Susanti, Rista Syahnur, Fitika Syarif Hidayat Tarkus Suganda Tati Herlina Tiara Febricyanti Putri Senjaya Tualar Simarmata Vira Kusuma Dewi Vira Kusuma Dewi Wahyu Daradjat Natawigena, Wahyu Daradjat Wawan Kurniawan Yulia, Endah Yulia Yunira, Alma Yusup Hidayat Yusup Hidayat