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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Jurnal Penelitian Saintek Agrikultura Bionatura Cropsaver : Journal of Plant Protection Dharmakarya : Jurnal Aplikasi Ipteks Untuk Masyarakat AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Jurnal Agro Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Kultivasi AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian Soil REns Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science Agrikultura Masyarakat Tani: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada masyarakat

Fitri Widiantini

Departemen Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Author-ID : 415438

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences

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Metode inokulasi buatan untuk menguji infeksi Peronosclerospora maydis penyebab penyakit bulai tanaman jagung Satriyo Restu Adhi; Fitri Widiantini; Endah Yulia
Jurnal Agro Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/4409

Keberadaan penyakit bulai akibat Peronosclerospora maydis pada tanaman jagung mampu menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 100%. Pengendalian penyakit bulai dengan menggunakan varietas tahan dinilai cukup efektif. Di dalam pengembangan varietas tahan, seleksi ketahanan calon varietas baru harus dilakukan dan hal ini akan melibatkan inokulasi buatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan metode inokulasi buatan Peronosclerospora maydis yang efektif pada tanaman jagung pada skala rumah kaca. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Proteksi Tanaman dan rumah kaca Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2018. Bahan tanaman yang diinokulasikan berupa kecambah dan bibit tanaman jagung. Metode inokulasi buatan yang diujikan terdiri atas: (1) Sisip daun terinfeksi bulai pada kecambah (SD), (2) Semprot suspensi konidia pada kecambah (SI), (3) Sisip daun bergejala bulai + semprot suspensi konidia pada kecambah (SS), (4) Rendam kecambah pada suspensi konidia (RS), (5) Semprot suspensi konidia pada bibit (SB), dan dua perlakuan tanpa inokulasi (kontrol). Dari hasil percobaan metode sisip daun (SD) menyebabkan 83,3% tanaman jagung terinfeksi bulai dan dinilai sebagai metode inokulasi buatan yang efisien.Kata kunci: bulai, jagung, inokulasi buatan, Peronosclerospora maydis. ABSTRACTDowny mildew disease caused by Peronosclerospora maydis in maize plants can cause yield loss up to 100%. Disease management of downy mildew by using resistant varieties is considered quite effective. One of the steps to develop resistant varieties is resistance testing of the new variety candidates that involve artificial inoculation. The purpose of this study was to obtain an effective artificial inoculation method of Peronosclerospora maydis in maize plants in greenhouse. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology of Plant Protection and Glasshouse Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran from October to December 2018. The plant materials used for inoculation were sprout and seedling of maize plant. The artificial inoculation methods tested were (1) infected leaf insertion among the sprouts (SD), (2) conidia suspension spraying on the sprouts (SI), (3) infected leaf insertion + conidia suspension spraying on the sprouts (SS), (4) sprout soaking in conidia suspension (RS), (5) conidia suspension spraying on the seedling (SB), and two treatments without inoculation (controls). The result showed that the insertion of infected leaves among the sprouts (SD) treatment resulted in 83.3% of infected maize plants by the downy mildew and was considered as the most efficient inoculation method.

THE EFFECT OF METALAXYL, FENAMIDONE, AND DIMETOMORF FUNGICIDE TOWARDS CONIDIA Peronosclerospora spp. ISOLATED FROM KLATEN Fajri Maulana Anugrah; Fitri Widiantini
Jurnal Penelitian Saintek Vol 23, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Services, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

This study was aimed at determining the effect of three types of fungicide namely methaxyl, dimethomorph, and fenamidone to control downy mildew against conidia Peronosclerospora spp. in Klaten (Central Java). The study was carried out by conidia germination method and damage observation caused by the addition of fungicide to conidia. The results show that the fungicide treatment of methomorphic at a concentration of 10,000 ppm was still effective in inhibiting the development of downy mildew. It was shown by its ability to suppress the total germination of conidia Peronosclerospora spp. and causes 37.9% conidial damage. The use of fenamidone at a concentration of 8,000 ppm is able to inhibit conidia germination (0.34%), the lowest level of conidian damage detected is 8.54%. Meanwhile, metallaxill still has a good suppressive effect as indicated by the low conidia germination of 0.70% and conidial damage reaches up to 19.91%PENGARUH FUNGISIDA BERBAHAN AKTIF METALAKSIL, FENAMIDONE, DAN DIMETOMORF TERHADAP KONIDIA Peronosclerospora spp. ISOLAT KLATENPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tiga jenis bahan aktif fungisida yang umum digunakan yaitu metalaksil, dimetomorf, dan fenamidon untuk mengendalikan penyakit bulai terhadap konidia Peronosclerospora spp. di Klaten (Jawa Tengah). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode perkecambahan konidia dan mengamati kerusakan yang diakibatkan oleh penambahan fungisida terhadap konidia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan fungisida dimetomorf pada konsentrasi 10.000 ppm masih efektif menghambat perkembangan penyakit bulai yang ditunjukkan dengan kemampuannya menekan secara total perkecambahan konidia Peronosclerospora spp. dan menyebabkan kerusakan konidia sebesar 37,9%. Pengguunaan fenamidon pada konsentrasi 8.000 ppm dapat menghambat perkecambahan konidia (0,34%), tingkat kerusakan konidianya terdeteksi paling rendah yaitu sebesar 8,54%. Metalaksil masih memberikan efek penekanan yang baik yang ditunjukkan dengan rendahnya perkecambahan konidia yaitu sebesar 0,70% dan kerusakan konidia yang mencapai 19,91%.

The Effectiveness of Several Plant Extracts to Induce Rice Plant Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight - (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) Fitri Widiantini; Avissa Ayuningdiyas; Endah Yulia; Tarkus Suganda
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.34912

Resistant plants are one of the disease control techniques that considered to be effective. Resistant plants can be produced in various ways including the application of plant extracts. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of several plant extracts to increase the resistance of rice plants to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). A total of 13 plants were extracted and applied in two methods, which were seed treatment and seedling treatment which sprayed on two-week old rice seedlings. Xoo bacteria were inoculated on rice plants two weeks after planting. The observations on the intensity of BLB disease infection showed that water hyacinth extract (Eichhornia crassippes), spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus) and jasmine leaves (Jasminum grandiflorum) can suppress the development of BLB disease in both application methods. The application of plant extracts as inducing agents needs to be repeated to maintain the activated plant defense mechanism.

Antifungal Potency of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Endophytic Bacteria against Pathogenic Fungi Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Fitri Widiantini; Mia Rahmah Qadryani; Fuji Hartati; Endah Yulia
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.48392

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cav. is one of the most important diseases on rice. One of the alternative controlling methods in P. oryzae is biological control through the utilization of secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria. The study aimed to determine the antifungal potency of secondary metabolites produced by rice endophytic bacteria against P. oryzae. The experiment was conducted using 9 endophytic bacteria isolated rice (Os1, Os2, Os3, Os4, Os5, Os6, Os7, Os8, and Os10). Each isolates were grown in ISP2 liquid media and the secondary metabolites compounds were extracted using two different solvents; methanol and ethyl acetate : methanol (4:1) (v/v). The effect of secondary metabolites was tested using agar well diffusion method. The results demonstrated that the secondary metabolites extracted by both solvents have antifungal effect on the growth of P. oryzae. The highest growth inhibition was shown by secondary metabolites extracted by ethyl acetate : methanol (4:1) from Os1 (42%) and Os3 (39%). Antifungal activity of the secondary metabolites was indicated by the formation of clear zone. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis showed the differences of peaks and retention time between secondary metabolites produced by Os1 and Os3 which has antifungal activity and secondary metabolites produced by Os10 that did not show the antifungal activity.

Karakterisasi Karakter Fisiologi Genotipe-Genotipe F2 Padi Ketan dengan Kemampuan Recovery Setelah Infeksi Tungro: Karakterisasi Karakter Fisiologi Genotipe-Genotipe F2 Padi Ketan dengan Kemampuan Recovery Setelah Infeksi Tungro Ema Komalasari; Fitri Widiantini; Santika Sari; Nono Carsono
AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 3 No 2 (2019): AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Bangka Belitung

Tungro virus is one of the rice diseases which become one of limiting factors for rice production in Indonesia. The effective control can be done by using and rotation of resistant varieties. In order to develop tungro resistant varieties, hybridization has been conducted between susceptible (Ketonggo) and resistant variety (Utri Merah and ARC12596) i.e., Ketonggo x Utri Merah and Ketonggo x ARC12596. The main objective of the study was to characterize the physiological response of recovery genotypes group when compared to resistant genotypes. The genetic materials were F2 progenies of Ketonggo x Utri Merah and Ketonggo x ARC12596, each 230 genotypes. The experiment was conducted at BB Padi and Experimental Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. Virus transmission was done using forced-tube inoculation method and symptoms scoring based on a standard evaluation system for rice. Traits observed were chlorophyll content, number of stomatal conductance, and quantum photosynthetic efficiency. The comparison of those traits between genotypes with recovery ability with those of resistant genotypes, susceptible genotypes, resistant variety check, and susceptible variety check was evaluated. It is found that recovered genotypes from both crossings did not show significant differences with those of resistant genotypes or resistant check variety on the above traits observed. Genotypes group with recovery ability can be used to suppress the spread of tungro disease.

Aplikasi Pupuk Organik terhadap Diversitas Arthropoda Akuatik serta Performa Tanaman Padi Hitam pada Ekosistem Sawah Vira Kusuma Dewi; Tiara Febricyanti Putri Senjaya; Fitri Widiantini; Agus Susanto; Sri Hartati; Lindung Tri Puspasari; Rika Meliansyah
Soilrens Vol 20, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Dept Ilmu Tanah & Sumberdaya Lahan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/soilrens.v20i1.41354

The aquatic ecosystems in rice fields has macroorganisms such as aquatic arthropods which have an important function in the food web. The siam weed and neem cake can be utilized as organic fertilizer to support the productivity and biodiversity of the paddy field, This research aims to understand application of organic fertilizer on diversity of aquatic arthropods and black rice performance in the field ecosystem. The experiment was carried out in paddy field at Jatinangor from January to June 2020. The method used was an experimental method with a Randomized Complete Block Design consisted of five treatments (neem cake, siam weed compost, cow manure, synthetic fertilizer and control) with six replications. The result showed that the abundances of aquatic arthropods have tendency to be higher in neem cake at 1104 individuals and siam weed compost treatments at 905 individuals compared to the cow manure, NPK and control. Furthermore, the diversity index of the aquatic arthropods in all treatments were categorized as moderate with details as follow neem cake (H’=1,726), cow manure (H’=1,450); synthetic fertilizer (H’=1,458); siam weed compost (H’=1,450) and control (H’=1,502). In addition, the evenness index (E) of aquatic arthropods was higher in neem cake treatment (E=0,623) compared to other treatments. Whereas, the dominance index (C) and richness index (R) in all treatments showed no dominant species and it classified as low category. The results also showed that the siam weed compost were not significantly different with all treaments except NPK (synthetic fertilizer) in plant hight, tiller number and SPAD value.

Metabolites Profiling of Penicillium citrinum Recovered from Endophytic of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) as a Potential Biocontrol Against Pathogenic Fungi Kartika Sari; Vira Kusuma Dewi; Asri Peni Wulandari; Nia Rossiana; Tati Herlina; Fitri Widiantini
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 30 No. 2 (2023): March 2023
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.2.246-255

Endophytes are a potent source of bioactive compounds that mimic plant-based metabolites. Fungi Fusarium spp. and Clonostachys rosea have been identified as pathogenic microorganisms in ramie (Boehmeria nivea). The antifungal test was carried out using the diffusion method and the MIC50 and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values using the tested microbial pathogens were Fusarium solani isolate 3248941, F. solani isolate Colpat-359, F. oxysporum isolate N-61-2, dan Clonostachys rosea strain B3042. Identification of secondary metabolites of the extract was carried out using GC-MS. The chromatogram of GC-MS analysis of this ethyl acetate extract (EA) showed seven dominant chemical compounds with various biological activities. Ethyl asetate extract of P. citrinum showed inhibition zone ranged from 19.10–22.07 mm with strong-very strong category at 200 mg ml-1 concentration against the tested microbial pathogens. Results revealed that the significant MIC values were observed against F. solani isolate 3248941 and Clonostachys rosea strain B3042 by less than 6.3  mg ml-1 and against F. solani isolate Colpat-359 and F. oxysporum isolate N-61-2 with 12.5 mg ml-1 and 25 mg ml-1 respectively. Minimum Fungicidal concentrations (MFC) for EA of P. citrinum were also reported against F. solani isolate 3248941 and C. rosea strain B3042, by 12.5 mg ml-1, whilst Fusarium solani isolate Colpat-359 by 25 mg ml-1 and Fusarium oxysporum isolate N-61-2 ,by 50 mg ml-1 respectively. Results of this study showed that P. citrinum, endophytic fungi of ramie, could be a promising source of compounds for antifungal agents.

The Potency of Lysinibacillus Sp. in Carbon Fiber and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mixture to Suppress Ralstonia Solanacearum in Vitro Ifa Dwi LUTHFIANA; Hersanti HERSANTI; Fitri WIDIANTINI
International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science (Jan
Publisher : Indonesia Strategic Sustainability

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38142/ijesss.v4i1.453

Ralstonia solanacearum is the cause of bacterial wilt on many Solanaceous crops. Antagonistic bacterium can be used to biologically control the pathogen. Lysinibacillus sp. was proven to be able to control R. solanacearum. To formulate the biopesticide, beside the active ingredients, a carrier materials is needed. The carrier material used in this study was 5% of 80 mesh carbon fiber as the site for the bacteria to attach, and enriched with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO Nps) as one of the plant micro nutrients. The objective of the study was to determine the concentration of ZnO Nps that is viable for Lysinibacillus sp. and able to suppress the in vitro growth of R. Solanacearum. The antagonism test was carried out by using the completely randomized design with 11 treatments and 3 repetitions. The results showed that the largest inhibition zone, 8,30 mm, was caused by the treatment ZLd (ZnO NPs 1000 ppm + Lysinibacillus) without carbon, and 2,12 mm in the treatment of ZLKa ( (ZnO NPs 250 ppm + Lysinibacillus + carbon fiber) with carbon.

In Vitro Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary Isolated from Cikajang, Garut, to Several Fungicides Widiantini, Fitri; Maksum, Muhammad; Dono, Danar
Agrikultura Vol 33, No 2 (2022): Agustus, 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v33i2.40357

Penyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh oomycete Phytphthora infestans merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman kentang. Metode pengendalian utama yang digunakan oleh petani adalah dengan menggunakan fungisida sintetis. Akan tetapi, penggunaan fungisida secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan timbulnya populasi patogen yang resisten sehingga dapat menurunkan keefektifan fungisida tersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi sensitivitas P. infestans yang diisolasi dari pertanaman kentang di Desa Cikajang, Kabupaten Garut terhadap beberapa fungisida berbahan aktif metalaksil, mankozeb, dimetomorf, klorotalonil dan oksatiapiprolin. Eksperimen dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode makanan beracun dan detached-leaf assay. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa P. infestans sensitif terhadap metalaksil dan mankozeb pada konsentrasi 2000 ppm dengan penghambatan pertumbuhan koloni masingmasing mencapai 93,3%. Lebih lanjut, berdasarkan hasil detached leaf assay, penghambatan terbentuknya lesi mencapai 100% pada perlakuan fungisida berbahan aktif metalaksil. Sementara penghambatan sebesar 70% diperoleh pada perlakuan fungisida berbahan aktif mankozeb. Sensitivitas P. infestans dikategorikan sebagai sedang terhadap fungisida berbahan aktif dimetomorf pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm dan klorotalonil pada konsentrasi 2000 ppm dengan penghambatan koloni masing-masing sebesar 65,5% dan 75,8% serta penghambatan pembentukan lesi 54,7% dan 59,1%. Eksperimen ini juga menemukan adanya indikasi penurunan sensitivitas P. infestans terhadap oksatiapiprolin yang ditunjukkan dengan rendahnya penghambatan pertumbuhan yang hanya sebesar 8,5% dengan penghambatan pembentukan lesi sebesar 48,8% ketika dibandingkan dengan keempat jenis fungisida lainnya.

Ekstrak Air Biji Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Efektif Menekan Jamur Colletotrichum sp., Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa Cabai dalam Uji In-Vitro Suganda, Tarkus; Rizqullah, Ahmad Fauzan; Widiantini, Fitri
Agrikultura Vol 34, No 2 (2023): Agustus, 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v34i2.48575

Antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum sp., merupakan penyakit yang sangat merugikan pada tanaman cabai. Mengingat pentingnya nilai ekonomi tanaman cabai, maka untuk mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa, fungisida sintetik digunakan secara intensif sehingga dapat menyebabkan berbagai dampak yang merugikan. Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif dari aplikasi fungisida sintetik, pestisida nabati menjadi salah satu pilihan. Tanaman adas (Foeniculum vulgare) yang dilaporkan memiliki efek antifungal telah diuji coba secara in-vitro terhadap pertumbuhan koloni, produksi, dan perkecambahan konidia jamur Coletotrichum sp. isolat cabai di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Februari - April 2023. Empat konsentrasi ekstrak air biji adas (w/v), yaitu 2,5%, 5,0%, 7,5% dan 10% dengan kontrol tanpa ekstrak dan pembanding fungisida propineb 0,14% telah diuji coba dalam suatu percobaan experimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat ulangan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air biji adas dapat menghambat pertumbuhan koloni, produksi konidia, dan perkecambahan konidia jamur Colletotrichum sp. Ekstrak air biji adas konsentrasi 10% memiliki daya hambat paling tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan koloni dengan daya hambat 63,3% (kuat), produksi konidia dengan daya hambat 76,5% (sangat kuat) dan perkecambahan konidia dengan daya hambat 58,5% (kuat) berdasarkan kriteria Antifungal Activity (AFA).

Co-Authors Aditya Bintan Pratama Agung Karuniawan Agung Kurniawan Agus Susanto Agus Susanto Agus Susanto Aina Anna Roosda Andang Purnama Andang Purnama Andang Purnama Asri Peni Wulandari Avissa Ayuningdiyas Betty Natalie Fitriatin Ceppy Nasahi Citra Bakti, Citra Danar Dono Danar Dono Deni Ariyono Dewi, Vira Kusuma Dinda Sekar Ayu Fiko Dwindry Formanda Dwisari Januarily Pitaloka Elga Sari Ema Komalasari Ema Komalasari, Ema Emma Trinurani Sofyan Endah Yulia Endah Yulia Endah Yulia Endah Yulia Yulia Fajri Maulana Anugrah Fakhrurroja, Hanif Feliatra Fiko, Dinda Sekar Fitri, Elysa Fuji Hartati Fuji Hartati Ghifari, Raden Faqih Hilmiy Hadi Syahir Muhadam Hersanti - Hersanti HERSANTI Hilda Sandra Utami Ida Nurhelawati Ida Nurhelawati Ifa Dwi LUTHFIANA Kang, Seung Won Kartika Sari Kirana Sonya Harviana Krissanti, Petra Sulistya Dian Lindung Tri Puspasari Luciana Djaya, Luciana Margaretta Christita, Margaretta Mia Rahmah Qadryani Mitalo, Oscar W. Muhammad Maksum Nabilla, Anisa Nadhira, Nadhira Neneng S Widayani Nia Rossiana Nono Carsono Nono Carsono Noor Istifadah Nugraha, Gema Takbir Parakkasi, Karmilla Prabowo, Yudhisa Hendri Putra, Fitriansyah Putu Ghita Novilaressa Ramdan Firmansah Rangga Irawan Prasetyo RIKA MELIANSYAH Riswandi, Hafiz Rizqullah, Ahmad Fauzan Safri Ishmayana Santa Monica Santika Sari Satriyo Restu Adhi Septiandini, Adelia Serly Noviyawati Silviya Rahma Dhiya Syafira Siska Rasiska SIska Rasiska, SIska Sri Hartati Sri Hartati Sri Hartati Sudarjat Sudarjat Sukmono Suwignyo Susanti, Rista Syahnur, Fitika Syarif Hidayat Tarkus Suganda Tati Herlina Tiara Febricyanti Putri Senjaya Tualar Simarmata Vira Kusuma Dewi Vira Kusuma Dewi Wahyu Daradjat Natawigena, Wahyu Daradjat Wawan Kurniawan Yulia, Endah Yulia Yunira, Alma Yusup Hidayat Yusup Hidayat

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