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Smallholder Oil Palm Farming Based on ISPO Certification: Sustainable or Not? Mirawati Yanita; Gina Fauzia; Rozaina Ningsih; Dompak MT Napitupulu; Karina Rahmah; Ulidesi Siadari; Zulkifli Alamsyah
Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Science, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/agrisocionomics.v10i2.30508

Abstract

Oil Palm farming has a substantial positive impact on job creation and the socio-economic conditions of communities, particularly in rural areas. However, a major challenge faced by smallholder Oil Palm farmers, especially those operating on a small scale, is the sustainability of their farming practices. These barriers often hinder the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices that align with certification standards, particularly the Indonesian Sustainable Oil Palm (ISPO) standards. This study aims to describe the social and economic characteristics of ISPO-certified smallholder Oil Palm farmers, analyze management practices based on farm performance, and assess the sustainability model of smallholder Oil Palm farming in Merangin Regency, as reflected in ISPO certification. The research was conducted in Nalo Tantan District, which has varying levels of Oil Palm productivity and ISPO-certified smallholder farmers. The study used observational methods, direct interviews, and secondary data analysis from relevant institutions and scientific literature. A sample of 60 respondents was selected for the study. The results showed an average Oil Palm production of 84.43 tons/ha/year with an average selling price of IDR 2,682/kg. The average land area used by farmers was 3.40 ha, with fertiliser use of 840 kg/ha/year and pesticide use of 7.1 liters/ha/year. The sustainability analysis showed that ISPO-certified smallholder Oil Palm farming in Nalo Tantan has a relatively good sustainability status, with a sustainability index of 66.99. The economic dimension was highly sustainable with a score of 77.85, while the social and ecological dimensions were moderately sustainable, scoring 57.76 and 67.22, respectively. It is crucial to strengthen certification implementation, improve social and environmental management, and support economic sustainability by enhancing resource management and expanding market access. 
Determinan Daya Saing Ekspor CPO Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan India dan Tiongkok Pembayun, Adinda Ayu; Napitupulu, Dompak Mt; Yanita, Mirawati
Journal of Authentic Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : LITPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/k564c780

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan daya saing ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Indonesia ke negara tujuan utama India dan Tiongkok selama periode 1994–2023. Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah fluktuasi ekspor CPO Indonesia yang dipengaruhi oleh dinamika perdagangan internasional, persaingan global, perubahan kebijakan perdagangan, serta faktor ekonomi makro yang mempengaruhi daya saing ekspor. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan explanatory research. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder berbentuk time series yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), UN Comtrade, FAOSTAT, dan berbagai lembaga terkait lainnya. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis tren, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), Constant Market Share (CMS), Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP), serta regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspor CPO Indonesia ke India dan Tiongkok mengalami perkembangan yang fluktuatif namun cenderung meningkat dalam jangka panjang. Nilai RCA dan ECI menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif yang kuat dalam perdagangan CPO internasional. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa harga CPO internasional, nilai tukar rupiah, dan luas areal perkebunan berpengaruh positif terhadap daya saing ekspor CPO Indonesia, sedangkan konsumsi domestik berpengaruh negatif terhadap daya saing ekspor. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa daya saing ekspor CPO Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh faktor produksi, kondisi ekonomi global, kebijakan perdagangan, serta efisiensi distribusi dan logistik perdagangan internasional. This study aims to analyze the determinants of Indonesia’s Crude Palm Oil (CPO) export competitiveness to its main destination countries, India and China, during the 1994–2023 period. The main issue addressed in this research is the fluctuation of Indonesia’s CPO exports influenced by international trade dynamics, global competition, changes in trade policies, and macroeconomic factors affecting export competitiveness. This study employed a quantitative approach using descriptive and explanatory research methods. The data used were secondary time series data obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), UN Comtrade, FAOSTAT, and other related institutions. Data analysis was conducted using trend analysis, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), Constant Market Share (CMS), Trade Specialization Index (ISP), and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that Indonesia’s CPO exports to India and China experienced fluctuating but increasing trends in the long term. The RCA and ECI values indicated that Indonesia possesses strong comparative and competitive advantages in international CPO trade. Regression analysis revealed that international CPO prices, exchange rates, and plantation area positively affect Indonesia’s CPO export competitiveness, while domestic consumption negatively affects export competitiveness. This study concludes that Indonesia’s CPO export competitiveness is influenced by production factors, global economic conditions, trade policies, and the efficiency of international trade distribution and logistics systems.  
Does RSPO Certification Increase Smallholder Oil Palm Income? Evidence from Batanghari, Indonesia Mirawati Yanita; Ira Wahyuni; Dompak MT Napitupulu; Gina Fauzia; Karina Rahmah; Ulidesi Siadari
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i1.2516

Abstract

This study analyzes income differentials between independent oil palm smallholders certified by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and non-certified farmers in Maro Sebo Ilir District, Batanghari Regency, Indonesia. Although certification is promoted as a mechanism to enhance smallholder welfare, empirical evidence remains inconclusive, and few studies examine net income differences disaggregated by plant age under uniform price conditions. Primary data were collected from September 2022 to August 2023 from 60 farmers (30 RSPO-certified and 30 non-certified), categorized into two plant age groups: 11–18 years and 19–26 years. Farm income was calculated as total revenue minus total cost and analyzed using independent-samples t-tests. The results indicate that RSPO-certified farmers achieved higher productivity and income despite incurring higher input costs. Average annual incomes among certified farmers reached IDR 25,600,675 and IDR 25,785,872 per hectare for the 11–18 and 19–26-year groups, respectively, compared with IDR 20,144,977 and IDR 20,766,920 among non-certified farmers. Income differences of approximately 27.1% and 24.2% were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that income gains are primarily associated with improved technical efficiency, intensified input use, and institutional support rather than price premiums, and remain contingent upon local market and institutional conditions.
ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT SWADAYA DI KECAMATAN SEKERNAN KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI Muhammad Farandika Akbar; Dompak MT Napitupulu; Mirawati Yanita
SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis Vol 21, No 2 (2024): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/sepa.v21i2.75282

Abstract

This study aims to determine the general description of smallholder palm oil in Sekernan District, Muaro Jambi Regency, and analyze their sustainability status and sensitive attributes that affect them. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis to determine the status of the sustainability index of smallholder palm oil using MDS Rapid Apparasial analysis, which is modified to RAP-PalmOil, and leverage analysis is used to determine its sensitive attributes. This research was conducted in Suko Awin Jaya, Bukit Baling, Tantan, and Tunas Mudo villages. The sampling location in this study was determined purposively (purposive) with a sample of 100 respondents, who were then determined by simple random sampling. The study results show that the sustainability status of smallholder palm oil in Sekernan District is multidimensionally considered quite sustainable. The economic dimension provides the highest sustainability index and is followed by the social and ecological dimension, which is considered quite sustainable. The sensitive attribute or attribute that has the most influence on the sustainability index value on the ecological dimension is the fertilization period, while the economic dimension is farming income, and the sensitive attribute on the social dimension is conflict resolution
ANALYSIS OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIAN COFFEE EXPORTS TO MAJOR DESTINATION COUNTRIES Gadis Dyah Pavita; Suandi Suandi; Ardhiyan Saputra; Mirawati Yanita
SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis Vol 23, No 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/sepa.v23i2.114449

Abstract

Coffee is a leading Indonesian plantation commodity vital to international trade. However, export performance to major destinations fluctuates due to global market dynamics and rising competition. This study aims to describe Indonesian coffee export volume trends to major destination countries and to analyze their competitiveness. The analyzed markets include the United States, Malaysia, Egypt, India, Italy, and Japan. The study employs Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), Trade Specialization Index (TSI), and Constant Market Share (CMS) using secondary data (1991–2024) under HS Code 0901 from the UN Comtrade database. Results indicate that export volumes fluctuate with varying trends across markets. RCA findings show that Indonesian coffee generally maintains a comparative advantage in most destinations. However, ECI results reveal weak competitive performance in Italy and Japan, reflecting declining competitiveness. Furthermore, CMS analysis shows that Indonesian coffee exhibits competitive performance only in the Egyptian market. Conversely, export growth in the United States, Malaysia, Italy, Japan, and India remains below global trade growth, characterized by weak competitive effects. These findings suggest the necessity of market-specific strategies to strengthen Indonesia’s coffee export competitiveness globally.
PERFORMANCE OF ISPO-CERTIFIED INDEPENDENT SMALLHOLDER OIL PALM FARMING PRACTICES TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY IN PELEPAT ILIR DISTRICT, BUNGO REGENCY Mirawati Yanita; Yusma Damayanti; Jamaluddin Jamaluddin; Gina Fauzia; Aris Munandar; Karina Rahmah; Muhammad Al Ghifari Rachmat Tanaka
SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis Vol 22, No 1 (2025): FEBRUARY
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/sepa.v22i1.88893

Abstract

Oil palm plantations contribute to economic development in rural areas, the creation of employment opportunities, and the improvement of living standards. However, this commodity still suffers from sustainability problems. This is especially true among independent smallholders due to inadequate business scale to cover modern and sustainable agricultural practices with certification standards, especially those outlined in Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO).  The study aimed to provide an overview of ISPO-certified oil palm farming practices in Pelepat Ilir District, Bungo Regency.  The data were analyzed quantitatively and related to the farming practices of independent oil palm smallholders who are ISPO certified.  The results showed that farming ISPO-certified independent oil palm plantations were not per ISPO recommendations and norms, using fertilizers and herbicides was also not in line with recommendations, and ISPO-certified farmers received no FFB price differentiation.  In the future, it is hoped that independent oil palm farmers can adopt various sustainable farming practices recommended by ISPO standards. In addition, it is necessary to increase training and education from the government and relevant stakeholders on good agricultural practices.
Analisis Status Keberlanjutan Usahatani Kelapa Sawit Swadaya Di Kecamatan Pemayung Kabupaten Batanghari Happy Blessing Sarumaha; Mirawati Yanita; M. Farandika Akbar
Jurnal Khazanah Intelektual Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): Khazanah Intelektual
Publisher : Brida Provinsi Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study aims to (1) analyze the sustainability status of independent oil palm farming in Pemayung District, Batanghari Regency. (2) analyze the sensitive attributes that influence the sustainability status of independent oil palm farming in Pemayung District, Batanghari Regency. Data analysis used descriptive analysis to describe the farming conditions, the Rap-PalmOil method with a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach to assess sustainability status across ecological, economic, and social dimensions, and leverage analysis to analyze the most sensitive attributes. The results show that independent oil palm farming is managed on a small scale with an average area of ??2.3 ha and an average plant age of 12 years. The multidimensional sustainability status is considered moderately sustainable with an index of 73.24. The economic dimension is considered sustainable (89.66), while the social (73.26) and ecological (66.06) dimensions are considered moderately sustainable. The most sensitive attributes are plantation sanitation (ecology), farm feasibility (economic), and innovation adoption (social). Keywords: : Sustainability, Independent Palm Oil, Rap-PalmOil, MDS, Farming
Co-Authors A. Rahman Adikusuma, Fakta Afifah Suti Nasution, Haura ANDY MULYANA Ardhiyan Saputra Ardhiyan Saputra Ardhiyan Saputra, Ardhiyan Ardiyan Saputra Arianti, Dwi Armen Mara Baehaqi DMT Napitupulu DMT. Napitupulu Dompak MT Napitupulu Dompak MT Napitupulu Dompak MT Napitupulu Dompak MT Napitupulu Dompak MT Napitupulu Dompak Napitupulu Dompak Napitupulu, Dompak Edison Elwamendri Endi Harmoko Endy Effran Ernawati Ernawati Ernawati Hamid Ernawati Hamid Ernawati HD Ernawati HD Ernawati HD Ernawati HD, Ernawati HD Ester Natalia Panjaitan Fauzia, Gina Febiyola, Febiyola Gadis Dyah Pavita Gina Fauzia Gina Fauzia Gina Fauzia Gita Puspitasari Hamid, Ernawati Happy Blessing Sarumaha Haris, Muhamad HD, Ernawati Ira Wahyuni Jamaluddin Jamaluddin Karina Rahmah Karina Rahmah Kurnia Subhani M. Farandika Akbar Manuel Leonardo Mawar Melania Mirza Antoni Napitupulu Dompak Napitupulu, Dompak MT Napitupulu, Richard RP Nisah Auliyah Nurwijayanti Oliviandari, Windi Pembayun, Adinda Ayu Primadiptha Gevinanda, Ayu Rahmi Dianita Rahmi Rahmi Roja Magdalena, Feibe Rozaina Ningsih Rozaina Ningsih, Rozaina Saidin Nainggolan, Saidin Saragih, Nestalida Sarah Nasution, Siti Sariani, Sariani Siadari, Ulidesi Siti Kurniasih Sri Utami Lestari Suandi Suandi Suandi Suandi Suandi Subhani, Kurnia Susliana, Susliana Sutoyo, Mochammad Arief Hermawan Tridio Saputra, Rahmad Ulidesi Siadari Willya Eka Sari Yazid, M. Yazid, M. Yuli Ambarwati, Nadia Yumanita, Siska Yusma Damayanti Zulkifli Alamsyah Zulkifli Alamsyah Zulkifli Alamsyah Zulkifli Alamsyah Zulkifli Zulkifli