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Bambang Sutejo, Bambang
(SINTA ID: 6742479) Universitas Darwan Ali
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Journal : International Journal for Advanced Research

 1 
The Influence of Globalization on the Harmonization of International and National Law Junaidi Lubis; Melky Suhery Simamora; Bambang Sutejo; Dedek syafrizal
International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 1 No. 3: October 2024
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/ny5gv396

Abstract

Globalization has had a significant impact on the harmonization of international and national laws, affecting areas such as trade, environment, and human rights. This study explores the impact of globalization on legal harmonization, identifying key drivers such as economic integration, technological advancement, and the role of international organizations. It also highlights emerging challenges, including legal pluralism, cultural resistance, and disparities in institutional capacity across countries. Using a qualitative approach, legal analysis is conducted to identify patterns of convergence and divergence across legal systems, including common law, civil law, and hybrid legal systems. Case studies such as the implementation of the Paris Agreement, the adaptation of WTO trade law standards, and the mainstreaming of human rights in developing countries reveal the success rates and obstacles in harmonization. The results show that while harmonization promotes global cooperation and reduces legal protection, challenges remain. Fragmentation of international law, geopolitical tensions, and differences in local values ​​are key barriers. To address these, the study recommends an adaptive framework, enhanced multilateral cooperation, and investment in developing country capacity building. In conclusion, legal harmonization requires a balance between global norms and local relevance, so as to create an inclusive and effective legal system. A collaborative approach involving stakeholders across borders is key to bridging the gap between international standards and national realities.
The Influence of Entrepreneurship in the Higher Education Environment on Entrepreneurial Motivation Sattar Rasul; Henny Purnama Dewi; Atika Aini Nasution; Irma Herliza Rizki; Bambang Sutejo
International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 1 No. 4: December 2024
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/1xjk8e61

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurship in the university environment on students' entrepreneurial motivation. Along with the increasingly rapid economic development, entrepreneurship has become an attractive career choice for the younger generation, especially students. Universities as educational institutions have a strategic role in shaping the character and entrepreneurial mindset of students through the entrepreneurship programs they organize. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey methods and multiple regression analysis to identify factors that influence entrepreneurial motivation. The results of the study show that entrepreneurship in universities, which include entrepreneurship courses, seminars, training, and business incubators, have a significant influence on increasing students' entrepreneurial motivation. These entrepreneurship programs provide knowledge, skills, and support that are very important for students to start their businesses. In addition, social support from family and friends as well as economic conditions also play a role in increasing students' entrepreneurial motivation. The conclusion of this study is that entrepreneurship in universities contributes positively to encouraging students to enter the business world, so universities need to continue to develop their entrepreneurship programs to support the creation of innovative and competitive young entrepreneurs.
Legal Protection for MSMEs in Facing Business Competition Chairus Suriyat; M. Salim; Bambang Sutejo
International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 1 No. 5: February 2025
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/nf2sq788

Abstract

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a strategic role in the Indonesian economy, but often face major challenges in business competition, especially with large companies. Unfair business competition practices, such as monopolies, predatory pricing, and cartels, often harm MSMEs. This study aims to analyze the legal protection available to MSMEs in facing business competition, the effectiveness of existing regulations, and obstacles in their implementation. The research method used is a normative approach with an analysis of applicable laws and regulations, as well as an empirical approach through case studies related to business competition policies in Indonesia. The results of the study show that although there are regulations such as Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition and Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, the implementation of legal protection still faces various obstacles. Lack of socialization of regulations, low legal awareness among MSMEs, and limitations in supervision by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) are the main factors that hinder the effectiveness of legal protection. Therefore, reforms are needed in business competition policy, increasing legal literacy for MSMEs, and synergy between the government, KPPU, and MSME associations to create a fairer and more competitive business ecosystem
Juridical Analysis of Consumer Protection in Electronic Transactions Chairus Suriyat; Muhammad Salim Fauzi; Junaidi Lubis; Bambang Sutejo; Irma Herliza Rizki
International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 1 No. 6: April 2025
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/s7f3jc40

Abstract

The increasing use of electronic transactions in the digital age has raised significant concerns regarding consumer protection. Consumers face various risks, such as fraud, product mismatch, delivery delays, and misuse of personal data. This research aims to analyze the juridical framework governing consumer protection in electronic transactions, particularly in Indonesia, where digital commerce is rapidly expanding. By applying a normative juridical method and qualitative analysis, the study reviews existing legislation, including Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, and evaluates its effectiveness in addressing current digital challenges. Findings show that despite having a legal framework, the enforcement and application of consumer protection laws in digital transactions remain limited and inconsistent. Many platforms do not fully comply with legal requirements related to transparency, dispute resolution, and data protection. The study includes statistical data and visual aids such as charts and tables to illustrate the scale of consumer issues in the digital environment. It concludes that there is a need for legal reform, stronger regulatory oversight, and greater platform accountability. Additionally, increasing public awareness and utilizing Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms can enhance consumer protection in the growing e-commerce ecosystem.
Smart Contracts and Virtual Property Disputes in the International Metaverse Economy salim; Arif; Junaidi Lubis; Chairus Suryati; Bambang Sutejo; Irma Herliza Rizki
International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 1: June 2025
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/2zz3b072

Abstract

The rapid advancement of blockchain technology and the emergence of the metaverse as a cross-border digital economy have triggered new legal challenges, particularly concerning smart contracts and virtual property disputes. Smart contracts—self-executing agreements coded on blockchain—offer efficiency and transparency but raise critical questions about legal validity, jurisdiction, and dispute resolution when conflicts arise between parties from different countries. In the context of virtual ownership such as digital land, NFTs, and in-world assets, diverging national legal systems complicate the enforcement of rights over virtual property. This study analyzes how smart contracts are utilized in virtual property transactions and examines the evolving international legal approaches to disputes arising from such agreements. The research highlights the urgent need for an adaptive global legal framework, cross-jurisdictional recognition of digital rights, and the role of blockchain-based arbitration bodies as alternatives to traditional dispute resolution. It also explores the relevance of traditional contract law principles in decentralized virtual environments and the regulatory challenges related to digital identity and evidentiary standards. With a multidisciplinary approach, this abstract offers insights into the importance of legal harmonization and international collaboration in supporting a fair, predictable, and legally secure metaverse ecosystem.
Co-Authors Agnes Pratiwi Br Damanik Agung Rasmito Agus Murdiyanto Aldo, Muhammad Andi Andi Andi arif Atika Aini Nasution Augustinah, fedianty Calosa, Charen Caroline Chairus Suriyat Chairus Suryati David David Davis Febrinanto Prakasa Debi Masri Dedek syafrizal Dedy Kunhadi Dewangga, Ria Saputra Dewi, Pinky Pininta Dina Eldina Marbun Dwi Wijayanti Ellin Fahrizi, Irgi Farhan Amaruli Fauz Rafid Syafiq Fitriano, Andre Hamonangan, Yohanes HANDAYANI, TINA MUHARDIKA Hayuningtias, Kristina Anindita Henny Purnama Dewi Henny Purnawa Dewi Husnurridlo, Abie Idhina Ghustina Ihdina Gustina Irma Herliza Rizki Jesslyn Junaidi Lubis Kosasih, Jocelin Kurniawan, Moch. Rosi Lee, Clara Lela Nurpulaela Luthfitawati, Rosaliana M. Salim Manti Apriyani Mela Novita Rizki Melky Suhery Simamora Moh. Ainul Fais Muammar Rinaldi Muhammad Aldo Muhammad Amin Faisal Muhammad Arif Muhammad Salim Fauzi MUHAMMAD YUSUF Nur Wahyuni Nuraini, Naseha Pitaloka, Eva Diana Pramitha, Asti Rizkiana Pratama, Ryan Adi Prayogo, LM Fandy Putra, Hermanda Berima Rahayu Saraswati, Rahayu Rahmat Hidayat Rini Oktavera Rokh Eddy Prabowo Salim Sari, Tiara Anggita Sattar Rasul Shofia Amin Sigit Mulyanto Silvana Mohamad Simanjuntak, Nensy Megawati Siti Aisyah Situmorang, Kheylina Lidya Sri Sumiyati Stefanie Sudirman Sudirman Sudirman SUMIYATI SUMIYATI Supriyanto Supriyanto Suyanto syahmardi yacob Tabuni, Nuas Tampubolon, Liosten Rianna Roosida Ully Tanelwy, Aurellia Tiarni Br Torus Tina Muhardika Handayani Valentina Valentina, Valentina Wibowo, Rudy Widyastika, Dinda Yonia, Dwika Lovitasari Yuni Irmawan Yuni Krida Sakti Yuyun Yuniati Zahra, Salma Izdihar