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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan indonesia JURNAL PROMOSI KESEHATAN INDONESIA Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Journal of Nutrition College Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Keolahragaan Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin ODONTO Dental Journal Jurnal Kebidanan Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Journal of Health Education JST ( Jurnal Sains Terapan ) GIZI INDONESIA Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Journal of Applied Food Technology Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region Journal of Maternal and Child Health Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Health Amerta Nutrition Jurnal Kreativitas PKM Unnes Journal of Public Health Jurnal Formil (Forum Ilmiah) Kesmas Respati Medical Technology and Public Health Journal Medical and Health Science Journal AVICENNA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Ar-Rum Salatiga PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesian Journal of Global Health research Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Narra J Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) Journal of Social Research Odonto dental journal Jurnal Bidan Cerdas Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin
Departemen Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
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Factors Related to Colostrum Feeding of Postpartum Mother at Public Health Center in Kudus Astuti, Dwi; Rahfiludin, Mohammad Zen
Journal of Health Education Vol 7 No 2 (2022): October 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang cooperate with Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jhe.v7i2.51705

Abstract

Background: Colostrum is important for babies because it contains many nutrients and body defense substances. The practice of breastfeeding is still lacking and they prefer to give MP-ASI the reason that the baby grows faster, some even believe that colostrum is excrement that must be disposed of. Constraints in giving colostrum are lack of knowledge and wrong beliefs, many mothers do not give colostrum to their babies, and colostrum will adversely affect the health of babies. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with colostrum breastfeeding.Metode: An analytical descriptive method with the cross sectional approach. The sample of this study was 100 postpartum mothers at the Kudus district health center taken by total sampling, the analysis of this research was carried out by chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. The method used is the enter method. This entry method is carried out repeatedly by removing the independent variable that has the largest p value until leaving the independent variable which has a p value <0.05 in the Wald test. The research instrument used a questionnaire.Results: The most influential factor on colostrum breastfeeding for newborns was the support of health workers having a value (OR = 13,800, 95% CI = 1,570 – 121,266, p = 0.018 with) meaning that respondents who received support from health workers had a probability of 13,800 times the effect of colostrum breastfeeding in newborns compared to respondents who did not receive the support of health workers.Conclusion: There is a relationship between Knowledge, exposure to formula milk and support from health workers with colostrum breastfeeding and no husband support with colostrum breastfeeding
Edukasi Indeks Gizi Seimbang pada Kader Posyandu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sumowono Kabupaten Semarang Dina Rahayuning Pangestuti; Naintina Lisnawati; Alfi Fairuz Asna; Apoina Kartini; Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin; Sulistyawati Sulistyawati
Jurnal Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) Vol 6, No 3 (2023): Volume 6 No 3 Maret 2023
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/jkpm.v6i3.8644

Abstract

ABSTRAK Indeks Gizi Seimbang (IGS) pada masyarakat di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi pangan masyarakat belum sesuai dengan pedoman gizi seimbang. Konsumsi masyarakat yang belum sesuai dengan gizi seimbang dapat disebabkan karena adanya faktor rendahnya pengetahuan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan edukasi terkait IGS untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik yang lebih baik. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik yang baik terakit indeks gizi seimbang pada kader posyandu sehingga kader dapat menerapkan konsumsi pangan yang sesuai dengan pedoman gizi seimbang dan dapat menyampaikan kepada masyarakat. Program pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan pendekatan pada kader untuk melakukan edukasi dengan metode ceramah dan menggunakan media booklet serta powerpoint. Kegiatan dimulai dengan pemberian pre test kemudian pemberian edukasi dilanjutkan dengan sesi tanya jawab dan diakhiri dengan pemberian post test. Jumlah peserta edukasi sebanyak 20 kader posyandu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sumowono. Rata-rata skor pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik subjek sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan edukasi mengalami peningkatan. Rata-rata skor pengetahuan subjek sebelum dilakukan edukasi adalah 7,74 dan setelah dilakukan edukasi skornya menjadi 8,63 (p=0,466). Rata-rata skor sikap subjek sebelum dilakukan edukasi adalah 5,47, sesudah edukasi skornya 6,63 (p=0,160). Skor praktik subjek sebelum dilakukan edukasi adalah 5,47 sedangkan setelah nya menjadi 9,00 (p=0,003). Tidak terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap setelah dilakukan edukasi Indeks Gizi Seimbang, namun terdapat perbedaan praktik kader setelah dilakukan edukasi IGS. Kata Kunci: Edukasi, IGS, Kader, Booklet, Gizi Seimbang, Sumowono  ABSTRACT Healthy Eating Index (HEI) for people in Indonesia is still relatively low. This shows that people's food consumption is not following balanced nutrition guidelines. Community consumption that is not yet by balanced nutrition is caused by a factor of low knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out education related to HEI to increase knowledge, attitudes, and better practices. This community service activity aims to increase knowledge, attitudes, and good practices regarding the balanced nutrition index for posyandu cadres so that cadres can consume food according to balanced nutrition guidelines and can convey it to the community.  The community service program is carried out with an approach to cadres to conduct education using the lecture method using booklets and PowerPoint media. The activity began with giving a pre-test then giving education followed by a question and answer session and giving a post-test at the end of the activity. The number of participants was 20 posyandu cadres in the working area of the Sumowono Health Center.  The average score of knowledge, attitudes, and practice subjects before and after education has increased. The average score of subject knowledge before education was 7.74 and after education, the score was 8.63 (p=0.466). The average score of the subject's attitude before education was 5.47, after education the score was 6.63 (p=0.160). The subject's practice score before the education was 5.47 while after that it was 9.00 (p=0.003).  There were no differences in knowledge and attitudes after education on the Health Eating Index, but there were differences in cadre practices after HEI education Keywords: Education, HEI, Cadres, Booklets, Balanced Nutrition, Sumowono
Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Dukungan Atasan tentang Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Tenaga Kesehatan dan Non Kesehatan Fitriyani Wijayanti; Ani Margawati; Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin
Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) Vol 5 No 2 (2023): Journal of Telenursing (JOTING)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/joting.v5i2.7416

Abstract

This study compares the knowledge, attitudes, and support from superiors between health and non-health workers at RSUP Dr. Kariadi. The method used is a non-experimental quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The research results showed that the majority of respondents in both groups were successful in providing exclusive breastfeeding. The level of knowledge among health workers is better. Supportive attitudes are 57.8% for health workers and 46.7% for non-health workers, and support from superiors in both groups of respondents shows good support. The results of different tests in the two groups show differences in knowledge (p=0.015) and attitudes (p=0.038) regarding exclusive breastfeeding between health and non-health workers. At the same time, in the superior support variable (p=0.053), there is no significant difference between health and non-health workers. Conclusion: There are differences in knowledge and attitudes between health and non-health workers that can influence mothers' decisions about breastfeeding; good superior support can motivate mothers to continue expressing breast milk. Keywords: Superior Support, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Knowledge, Attitude, Health Workers
The Influence of Assistance with Media Booklet on Maternal Behavior in Feeding Stunting Toddlers (Study in The Working Area of Karangdadap Health Center pekalongan Regency) Khikmah Wati; Apoina Kartini; Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin
Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 6, No 3: September 2021
Publisher : Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (627.005 KB) | DOI: 10.30604/jika.v6i3.951

Abstract

Stunting is a global problem that requires comprehensive treatment, one of which is changing the behavior of mothers in feeding stunting toddlers. Behavioral changes can be done through the provision of health education in the form of mentoring and booklets.  Research agreed to find out the influence of mentoring with booklet media on maternal behavior in feeding stunting toddlers in working area Puskesmas Karangdadap Pekalongan Regency. This type of research is quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest design with the control group.  The study sample was 58 mothers who had stunting toddlers in the working area of Karangdadap Health Center in Pekalongan Regency with purposive sampling techniques. Research instruments are questionnaires and booklets. Data analysis uses frequency distribution and independent t-tests. The results showed that in the intervention group, 89.7% of people aged 20-35 years, as well as in the control group, all 100% of people aged 20-35 years. The majority of the intervention group respondents' jobs were out of work (58.6%), while in the control group the majority of respondents' jobs were labourers (37.9%) and non-workers at 37.9%. The majority of the education level of intervention group respondents was primary education which was 22 people (75.9.8%) as well as in the control group it is known that the majority of respondents are basic educated, namely 16 people (56.2%). Respondents who had 1 child under five in the intervention group (69%) were larger than the control group (51.7%) Feeding behavior in stunting toddlers in the intervention group was known before being given mentoring and booklet there were 15 people (51.7%) had enough behavior and 14 people (48.3%) had less behavior. Respondents after being given mentoring and booklets who have enough behavior by 19 people (65.5%) and good behavior by 10 people (34.5%). Feeding behavior in stunted toddlers in the control group was known before counselling there were 15 people (51.7%) who had sufficient behavior and 14 people (48.3%) who had less behavior.  Feeding behavior in stunting toddlers after being given health counselling is known 27 people (93.1%) have enough behavior and 2 people (6.9%) have good behavior. There is a difference between mentoring with media booklet and counselling to maternal behavior in feeding stunting toddlers in the working area of Karangdadap Health Center pekalongan regency with a value of 0.001 less than 0.05.  Mentoring and booklets are more effective than counselling in improving feeding behavior in stunting toddlers. It is recommended for policymakers that in drafting health promotion program policies as an effort to improve feeding behavior in stunting toddlers can use effective promotional media such as mentoring and booklet.
ALASAN PEMILIHAN MAKANAN, AKSES PEMBELIAN MAKANAN, DAN KUALITAS DIET PADA MAHASISWA Yugharyanti, Tsamara Putri; Fatimah, Siti; Rahfiludin, Mohammad Zen
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 13, No 1 (2024): Januari
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v13i1.39516

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: The diet of Indonesian people has changed due to the influence of the globalization era and technological advances. Inappropriate dietary changes such as excessive consumption of foods containing sugar, salt and fat increase the risk of obesity. Obesity cases in Central Java Province have increased from 2019 (5.5%) to 2021 (6.8%). A person's diet can affect the quantity and quality of food consumed, thus affecting the quality of the diet.Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation food choice and food purchase access with diet quality among Public Health students at Diponegoro University.Methods: This type of research was observational study with cross sectional design. The subjects were 100 students of Faculty of Public Health Diponegoro University. The subjects were selected by simple random sampling. The independent variables were food selection and food purchase access. The confounding variables were nutritional knowledge and culture. Diet quality data was taken from the results of the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire which was converted to a diet quality score. Correlation analysis used the Spearman Rank test.Results: The results showed that the subjects had good diet quality 55% and poor diet quality 45%. Poor diet quality in subjects was due to low consumption of nutrients and high consumption of fat. There is a correlation food selection and diet quality (p=0,034). There is no correlation  food purchase access (p=0,420), nutritional knowledge (p=0,283), and culture (p=0,301) with diet quality.Conclusion: There is a correlation food selection and diet quality, while there is no correlation access to food purchases, nutritional knowledge, and culture with diet quality.Keywords : diet quality; food choice; food purchase access; university students ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pola makan masyarakat Indonesia mengalami perubahan karena pengaruh era globasilasi dan kemajuan teknologi. Perubahan pola makan yang tidak tepat seperti konsumsi makanan mengandung gula, garam, dan lemak yang berlebihan meningkatkan risiko obesitas. Kasus obesitas di Provinsi Jawa Tengah mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2019 (5,5%) hingga 2021 (6,8%). Pola makan seseorang dapat mempengaruhi kuantitas dan kualitas makanan yang dikonsumsi sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kualitas diet.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan pemilihan makanan dan akses pembelian makanan dengan kualitas diet.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro sebanyak 100 orang. Subjek dipilih dengan menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Variabel bebas penelitian ini adalah pemilihan makanan dan akses pembelian makanan. Variabel perancu penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan gizi dan budaya. Data kualitas diet berdasarkan hasil Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire yang dikonversi ke skor kualitas diet. Analisis korelasi menggunakan uji Rank Spearman.Hasil: Subjek memiliki kualitas diet baik 55% dan kualitas diet kurang 45%. Kualitas diet kurang pada subjek disebabkan rendahnya asupan zat gizi dan konsumsi tinggi lemak. Terdapat hubungan pemilihan makanan dengan kualitas diet (p=0,034). Tidak ada hubungan akses pembelian makanan (p=0,420), pengetahuan gizi (p=0,283), dan budaya (p=0,301)  dengan kualitas diet.Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan pemilihan makanan dengan kualitas diet. Tidak ada hubungan akses pembelian makanan, pengetahuan gizi, dan budaya dengan kualitas diet mahasiswa.Kata Kunci : akses pembelian makanan; kualitas diet; mahasiswa; pemilihan makanan  
Role of stress and physical activity on primary dysmenorrhea: A cross-sectional study Triwahyuningsih, Ria Y.; Rahfiludin, M. Zen; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani; Widjanarko, Bagoes
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.685

Abstract

The initial physiological change in adolescent girls is the onset of menstruation. The most prevalent challenge they face regarding menstruation is primary dysmenorrhea, characterized by persistent or intermittent pelvic pain in the lower abdomen. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of stress levels and physical activities on primary dysmenorrhea. A cross-sectional was conducted in Cirebon, Indonesia, in 2023 included young women who had never given birth (nullipara), aged 17–25 years old, had menstruated, and had no history of smoking and alcohol. The data were collected using a set of questionnaires consisting of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to determine primary dysmenorrhea pain, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 42 (DASS 42) to determine the level of stress and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to determine physical activity. Pearson's correlation test was used to assess the correlation between the variables (stress levels, physical activity, and dysmenorrhea). A total of 150 young women were included in the study. Moderate stress levels (23.3%) and high physical activity (90.7%) were the most prevalent categories observed among studied participants. Approximately 42% of them experienced mild dysmenorrhea pain. Our analysis indicated that stress levels and physical activities had strong positive correlations with dysmenorrhea pain levels, with r=0.782 and r=0.748, respectively, with both had p<0.001. This highlights that controlling stress could be beneficial in preventing dysmenorrhea pain among young women.
Risk factors of metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age at mining area Luthviatin, Novia; Setiani, Onny; Widjanarko, Bagoes; Rahfiludin, Mohammad Zen; Kartini, Apoina; Raharjo, Mursid
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 13, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24468

Abstract

Lead is one of the four most dangerous heavy metal pollutants, toxic to human health, and linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). This research aimed to analyze the relationship between respondent characteristics, blood lead level (BLL), nutrition intake, and physical activity to MetS and its components in women of reproductive age at Pemali District Mining Area, Bangka Belitung Regency. This research was conducted with a case-control approach involving 70 women of reproductive age (35 cases and 35 controls). Data was analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Witney tests for bivariate analysis and regression test logistics for multivariate analysis. Based on bivariate analysis, there is a significant relationship between body mass index (BMI) (p=0.000), salt intake (p=0.017), and seasoning intake (p=0.017) to MetS; meanwhile, BLL is not associated with MetS (p=0.473) but are associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (p=0.019). Multivariate test results show that BMI (p=0.000; OR=7.995) and salt intake (p=0.030; OR=6.812) are significant risk factors for MetS. Women of reproductive age must maintain BMI within normal levels and reduce daily salt intake to prevent the occurrence of MetS. BLL must be controlled to prevent decreased HDLC levels in women of reproductive age.
Factors related to HbA1c in the first trimester of pregnancy Sumarah, Sumarah; Anies, Anies; Rahfiludin, Mohammad Zen; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 12, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v12i4.23189

Abstract

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the world is 16.2% of live births associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy, and 7.4% are caused by type 1 or 2 diabetes which is detected for the first-time during pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM in Indonesia reaches 3.6% and the highest rate is found in the Special Province of Yogyakarta (2.6%). One of the risk factors for GDM is excess nutrition which is influenced by daily intake. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional intake and body mass index (BMI) with HbA1c levels in first-trimester pregnant women. This study used a cross-sectional design. A simple random sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria was employed, involving 47 pregnant women as subjects. Nutritional intake was measured with the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). The nutritional status of pregnant women is measured by BMI. HbA1c was measured by the turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (TINIA) method. Analysis of research data using the Pearson product-moment correlation test and rank Spearman. The results of this study stated that there was a relationship between nutritional intake and BMI with HbA1c levels. Diagnosis of GDM and appropriate intervention can reduce the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus (DM).
The effectiveness oxytocin massage combination moringa leaves and soy milk on breastmilk production postpartum mothers Umaroh, Umaroh; Hardjanti, Triana Sri; Rahfiludin, Mohammad Zen
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 13, No 3: September 2024
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v13i3.23570

Abstract

Breastfeeding is very influential on infants’ and child’s growth. Survey result in 2018 mentioning the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is 68.74% in Indonesia and 64.19% in Central Java. Some factors caused breastfeeding obstructions are breast milk didn’t ooze and small quantity of the ooze. Breast milk obstruction caused due lack of oxytocin and prolactin hormone stimulation. This can be cured by giving moringa leaves and oxytocin massage. The study's goal is to examine breast milk production after a combination oxytocin massage with moringa leaves and soy milk. The research design is quasi-experimental with a post-test only control group, and the data analysis design is an independent T-test. Population of this study is postpartum mothers in Central Java. With 83 total samples in Salatiga, Semarang, Grobogan, Rembang, Blora, Kendal and Demak. The group combined with moringa leaves, has 1,183.24 grams difference weight before and after treatment, estimated 185.21 ml volume of breast milk. The group combined with soy milk, has 1,088.04 grams difference weight before and after treatment, with 170.31 ml estimated of breast milk volume. The difference baby's weight from two combination groups was 95.2 grams with a p-value of 0.108. Conclusion of the study is the difference is not significant. The weight gain of infants in the oxytocin massage combination with moringa leaves group was higher than soy milk combination. Recommendation of moringa leaves can be offer for postpartum mother to increase the ooze of breast milk production.
Sorbet Made from Moringa Leaves and Red Guava as an Alternative for the Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adolescent Girls Arviyani, Tiffany Nisa; Afifah, Diana Nur; Noer, Etika Ratna; Rahfiludin, M. Zen; Mahati, Endang
Journal of Applied Food Technology Vol 9, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Dept. Food Technology, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17728/jaft.15782

Abstract

Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) contain high iron (Fe) but low bioavailability of Fe because it contains calcium and tannins. Vitamin C in red guava fruit (Psidium guajava) can increase Fe absorption. Sorbet made from red guava and Moringa leaves can be an alternative to overcome iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. This study aims to analyze the level of acceptance, levels of Fe, Ca, vitamin C, and tannins, as well as the bioavailability of Fe sorbet made from red guava and Moringa leaves. Sorbet consists of 5 formulas including, F1 (strawberry sorbet), F2 (red guava sorbet), F3 (Moringa leaf sorbet), F4 (red guava sorbet + 18% Moringa leaves), and F5 (red guava sorbet + 22% Moringa leaves). Acceptance level was tested with the hedonic method (appearance, smell, taste, and texture) and statistically analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon test. The Fe and Ca were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method, vitamin C and tannins were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry methods. Fe bioavailability test was performed using the inverted bowel bag method. The level of preference for each attribute was significantly different (p < 0.05). The level of preference chosen was F2. The mean levels of Fe, Ca, vitamin C, and tannins in F4 were 0.95 ± 0.14, 5.91 ± 0.73, 26.29 ± 0.13, and 135.65 ± 0.91 mg/100 g. The mean levels of Fe, Ca, vitamin C, and tannins in F5 were 0.21 ± 0.29, 6.03 ± 0.67, 46.72 ± 0.69, and 87.76 ± 0.40 mg/100 g. The highest Fe bioavailability was F5 while the lowest was F3. The best formula based on the parameters of preference, Fe, Ca, vitamin C, and tannin levels, as well as Fe bioavailability, was sorbet F5.
Co-Authors Adlinsyah, Diva' Noeriza Aredya Adriyan Pramono Ahmad Syauqy Aisyah Aisyah Aisyiah, Aisyiah Alfi Fairuz Asna Ali Rosidi Ali Rosidi Ali Rosidi Anggraeni, Neni Ani Margawati Ani Margawati Ani Margawati Anies Anies Anisatul Khofidzoh Anita Sulistyorini Anjani, Gemala Apoina Kartini Aprilliyani Pepi Lusita Aredya, Diva' Noeriza Arti, Dwi Windu Kinanti ARUBEN, RONY Arulita Ika Fibriana Arum, Rzky Arviyani, Tiffany Nisa Astutik Astutik Aulia Annisa Ayuningtyas Ayuningtyas Bagoes Widjanarko Bandawati, Bandawati Bekti Putri Harwijayanti Binar Panunggal BUDIYONO Budiyono Budiyono Cahya Tri Pumami Camelia Nurjannah Cecep Kusmana Christin Hiyana Tunggadewi Daru Lestantyo Debby Rizky Amelia Devi sari Devy Aulia Juniar Devy Noviandhita Anggarani, Devy Dewi Puspitaningrum Dewi Ratnasari Dharminto Dharminto Dhea Salisa, Merisha Diah Krisnansari Diah Ratnasari Dian Isti Cahyani Dian Nursanti Diana Nur Afifah, Diana Nur Dina Rahayuning Pangestuti, Dina Distrika Philani Dita Kartika, Dita Dwi Astuti Dwi Ayu Novitasari, Dwi Dwi Kurnia Yulia Ratnasari Dwi Sutiningsih Edi Dharmana Elisa Henny Ella Febriana Emiyanti, Emiyanti Endang Mahati Endang Mahati Eni Kurniawati Erni Gustina Eros Rosmiati Etika Ratna Noer Etika Ratna Noor Fadhila, Akbar Kholish Fannisa Mahastuti Farid Agushybana Febriyanti, Tiara Amidhea Fitri Khoiriyah P. Fitri, Annisa Aulia Fitri, Reza Kartika Fitriyani Wijayanti Hapsari, Qori Chairunisa Hardhono Susanto Hardhono Susanto Henry Setyawan Susanto Henry Setyawan Susanto Herliana Endang Supriyatini Hertanto Wahyu Subagio Hidayanti, Lilik Himma Sahulika Idroes, Syarifah Zahwana Tasya Al Ihda Nur Kasyifa Ikhtiarti, Wulandari Imas Rini Indah Budiastutik Indrawati Wurdianing, Indrawati Indrianto, Gunawan Sapto Izzatul Arifah Jatu Safitri Cahyahati Juwita Pramodya Wardhani, Juwita Pramodya Karinta Ariani Setiaputri Khasanah, Dwi Puji Khikmah Wati Kholidah, Nur Laksmi Widajanti Laksmi Widajanti Linda Meliati Lintang Dian Saraswati Livia Nur Ghassani Mardiah Nur Arlita Nasution, Mardiah Nur Maria Mexitalia Martha IK Martha Irene Kartasurya Martini Martini Meidiana Dwidiyanti Merry Wenda Meylda Intantiyana Mia Afritia Misrina Ulil Aziza Mohammad Irsam Muhammad Azinar Mursid Raharjo Nadyah Ayu Ginanti Naintina Lisnawati Nia Dhesti Arindita, Nia Nisa, Alfiana Ainun Nova Adiani Priastari Novia Arista Novia Luthviatin Nughraheni, S. A. Nugraheni, SA. Nur Amin Nur Amin, Nur Nur Asiah Rahmi Nur Wulandari Nurani Hari Murti Nuril Nikmawati Nurul Aindina Madaliana Nurul Fadhilah Nyoman Suci W, Nyoman Suci Oktiyani Puspita Sari Onny Setiani Permatasari, Claudia Praba Ginandjar Pradipta Kurniasanti Prananingrum Kinasih Puji Sri Rahayunigtyas Pusaka, Semerdanta Pusporini, Anggraeni Dyah Rahmah, Farida Noor rahmuniyati, merita eka Ratnawati Ratnawati Ratnawati Ratnawati Refky Dermawan Ria Yuniati Riezky Aulia Yulandani Rita Kartika Syarif Ronny Aruben S.Pd. M Kes I Ketut Sudiana . SA Nugraheni SA Nugraheni, SA SA. Nugraheni Santi Mutiara Purnama Asri Santi Rahayu Saputri, Ulfa Ayu Selvina Arum Dewanti SETIAPUTRI, KARINTA ARIANI Setyaningsih, Rini Indah Setyatama, Ike Putri Sholahuddin, Irfan Sholekhah, Nur Khamilatusy Siti Fatimah SITI FATIMAH Siti Fatimah Pradigdo Sofiyetti, Sofiyetti Sonya Hayu Indraswari Sri Achadi Nugraheni Sri Madinah Sri Winarni Suci Musvita Ayu Suhartono SULISTIYANI SULISTIYANI Sulistyawati Sulistyawati Sumarah Sumarah Surip Surip Suroto suroto Suroto Suroto Sutopo Patria Jati Suyatno Suyatno Suyatno Suyatno Syamsul Arifin Syamsulhuda BM Talitha Rahma Nur Aini Tamalla, Putri Nur Temi Chintia Risva Tias Larasati Tiffany Nisa Arviyani Tinuk . Istiarti Titin Prihatin Triana Sri Hardjanti, Triana Sri Triwahyuningsih, Ria Y. Umaroh Umaroh, Umaroh Virnanda Adani Vita Rizky Pradani Sugiyanto Wanda Lestari, Wanda Wellina, Wiwien Fitrie Wijayanti, Deti Wulan Ayu Kusumanngtyas Wulansari - Yudhy Dharmawan Yugharyanti, Tsamara Putri Yuliana, Aniestia Yuliani Setyaningsih Yuliarti Yuliarti Yuliarti, Yuliarti Yuliarti Yuni Atika Sari