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Analisis aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun jeruk kuok (Citrus nobilis L.) dengan metode DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) Nurul Hasanah; Rafita Yuniart; Haris Munandar Nasution; Yayuk Putri Rahayu
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 3 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i3.204

Abstract

When the body is excessively exposed to free radicals, the need for antioxidants increases as the body lacks sufficient protection. Some secondary metabolites in plants that can act as antioxidants include flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. This research aims to identify secondary metabolite compounds present in the raw material and extract of Citrus nobilis L. (kuok orange) leaves and evaluate antioxidant activity by determining IC50 values. This study employs several methods, including analyzing crude characteristics, phytochemical screening, and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method with spectrophotometry UV-Visible. The characterization results of the natural material indicate a water content of 6.66%, a water-soluble compound content of 19.64%, an ethanol-soluble compound content of 24.67%, a total ash content of 4.44%, and an acid-insoluble ash content of 0.66%. These findings align with values documented in the existing literature on MMI. Phytochemical screening results reveal that the crude material and ethanol extract of Citrus nobilis L. (kuok orange) leaves contain various chemical compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and steroids. The IC50 value for the ethanol extract of Citrus nobilis L. leaves is approximately 40.4587 g/mL, categorizing it as very strong. This indicates that the ethanol extract of Kuok orange leaves possesses secondary metabolite compounds with a highly potent antioxidant capability.  
Deteksi cemaran Staphylococcus aureus pada ayam krispy lokal di sekitar salah satu universitas kota Medan Yayuk Putri Rahayu; D. Elysa Putri Mambang; Haris Munandar Nasution; Adelia Ramadani
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 3 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i3.222

Abstract

Chicken meat is more in demand by consumers because it is easy to process, can be accepted by all levels of society and has an economical price. Food poisoning can be caused by enterotoxin contamination caused by Staphyococcus aureus. Management of chicken meat that is not up to standard and unhygienic can affect human health. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of pathogenic bacteria S. aureus in crispy fried chicken meat from roadside carts and local fast food at one of Medan city University and to analyze the contamination value of S. aureus bacteria whether it meets the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) < 1X102 CFU/ml. The research method is employed to detect the presence of S. aureus in samples using both Baird Parker Agar Base (BPA) and Egg Yolk media simultaneously. Quantification of S. aureus contamination is carried out through the application of the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. Findings from two samples of local fried chicken, namely samples A and B, indicate a positive result for the presence of S. aureus, with contamination levels exceeding the threshold of 1 x 102 CFU/ml. This leads to non-compliance with the established SNI standards. Conversely, in the case of local crispy fried chicken samples C and D, the results indicate a negative presence of the S. aureus pathogenic bacteria, with contamination levels not exceeding the threshold of 1 x 102 CFU/ml. Therefore, these results comply with the stipulated SNI standards.
Uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi n-heksana dan etil asetat daun kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli Alfi Wahyudi Nasution; Haris Munandar Nasution; Minda Sari Lubis; Yayuk Putri Rahayu
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i4.228

Abstract

Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are diseases that are commonly found in society. The therapy used to treat infections today by administering antibiotics. However, many cases of bacterial resistance to antibiotics are caused by the irrational use of antibiotics, so is necessary to develop alternatives to antibiotics derived from plants. glycosides that can function as antimicrobials. This study aims to determine the activity of the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions from kecombrang leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This research was conducted experimentally, the independent variables consisted of the ethanol extract of kecombrang leaves, n hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. The dependent variable consisted of simplicia characteristic test, kecombrang leaf phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity test of kecombrang leaf fraction against S.aureus and E.coli. Antibacterial test using n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions made with concentrations of 10%, 30%, 50% and 70%. the positive control used the antibiotic chloramphenicol and the negative control used DMSO, and the method used was agar diffusion using paper discs.The results of the antibacterial test showed that kecombrang leaves had an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The inhibition power of the ethyl acetate fraction was stronger than n hexane. The strongest inhibition was found in the ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 30.50 and 70% against Staphylococcus aureus, namely 10.9 mm, 12.6 mm and 14.15 mm. whereas in Escherichia coli bacteria, namely 10.5 mm, 12.3 mm. and 13.9mm. and based on the CLSI inhibition zone category, 2020, the concentration fraction of 70% is in the intermediate category, concentrations of 50, 30, and 10% are in the resistant category. While the positive control is categorized as sensitive to both bacteria.  
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi N-Heksan Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans Ika Yeni Siahaan; Haris Munandar Nasution; Muhammad Amin Nasution; Yayuk Putri Rahayu
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i4.258

Abstract

Caries, or cavities, is a disease caused by damage to the enamel layer caused by the activity of bacteria in the mouth, one of which is the Streptococcus mutans bacterium. One of the plants that is useful as an antibacterial is the red onion (Allium cepa L.). The objective of this research was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in shallot skin and the antibacterial activity of the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of shallot skin against Streptococcus mutansbacteria. An antibacterial activity test was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method using paper discs. Empty Kirby-Baurer disks were dipped for 15 minutes into each solution of the n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of shallot skin in various concentrations of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70%. The positive controls used were amoxicillin disks, and the negative controls used DMSO. The content of secondary metabolites in the ethyl acetate fraction of shallot skins, which are semi-polar, is alkaloids, flavanoids, and tannins. Meanwhile, the n-hexane fraction of shallot skin contains nonpolar compounds, namely saponins and steroids or triterpenoids. The antibacterial test results of the ethyl acetate fraction of shallot skin obtained the diameter of inhibition at a concentration of 10% (7.33 ± 1.52), a concentration of 30% (9.67 ± 1.52), a concentration of 50% (13.33 ± 1, 52), and a 70% concentration (15.67 ± 1.52). While the n-hexane fraction of shallot skin obtained the diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 10% (1.00 ± 1.00), a concentration of 30% (8.67 ± 1.52), a concentration of 50% (9.67 ± 1.52), and a 70% concentration (11.33 ± 1.52). The n-hexane fraction and the ethyl acetate fraction of shallot skin (Allium cepa L.) had antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, with the best inhibition being the ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 70% classified as intermediate.
Uji aktivitas antibakteri formulasi sediaan sabun padat transparan ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) terhadap bakteri Cutibacterium acnes Siti Aisyah Jamil; Yayuk Putri Rahayu; Minda Sari Lubis; Haris Munandar Nasution
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i4.234

Abstract

Acne is a skin disease that begins with an increase in sebum production which is exacerbated by an attack by the Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. Currently, there are many anti-acne preparations, one of which is in the form of soap, but only a few contain natural herbs. One plant that has an active substance or agent that has the potential to prevent and treat acne leaves belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bililmbi L.) with its antibacterial properties. Besides having the potential to prevent and treat acne, this plant is also very easy to find in Indonesia. This research was conducted to see whether starfruit leaf extract could be formulated as soap preparation and whether it had antibacterial properties against Cutibacterium acnes. The research method for fresh starfruit leaves was made into Simplicia and extracted using 96% ethanol, phytochemical screening was carried out on fresh starfruit leaves and extracts. Transparent solid soap formulation with belimbing wuluh leaf extract with concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Evaluation preparations included physical quality tests, pH tests, foam height and stability tests, skin moisture tests, irritation tests, Panelist preference tests, and antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes. The results and conclusions show that fresh starfruit leaves and extracts contain compounds belonging to class alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, and glycosides. Belimbing wuluh leaf extract can be formulated into transparent solid soap preparation, has a distinctive aroma extract, is homogeneous, pH 9-11, with spreadability 26-29mm. Antibacterial activity included the insensitive category at all concentrations. The panelist's preferred formula was preparation with a concentration of 2.5%
Efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun bisbul (Diospyros discolor Willd) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes Nanda Nadia; D. Elysa Putri Mambang; M. Pandapotan Nasution; Yayuk Putri Rahayu
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i4.240

Abstract

The bisbul plant (Dyospiros discolor Willd) is a plant whose fruit is often consumed by the public. Bisbul leaves are known to have antibacterial and antifungal activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ethanol extract of bisbul leaves (Diospyros discolor Willd) has antibacterial effectiveness against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. This research was conducted using experimental methods which included sample collection, macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, simplex preparation, characteristic examination, phytochemical screening, preparation of ethanol extract, and testing of antibacterial effectiveness against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The results of the macroscopic examination conducted on the bisbul leaf simplex were brownish-green leaves, flat edges, 5 cm long leaves, 4 cm wide leaves, had a distinctive odor and a slightly bitter taste. The simplex characteristic results obtained water content of 4%, water-soluble essence content of 21%, 23% ethanol-soluble extract content, 4.8% total ash content and 0.3% acid-insoluble ash content. Phytochemical screening of simplex powder and ethanol extract of bisbul leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins and glycosides. The results of the antibacterial effectiveness test of the ethanol extract of bisbul leaves showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone was larger at a concentration of 80%, namely 15.98 mm, compared to concentrations of 70% and 60%, namely 15.43 mm and 14.18 mm. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of bisbul leaves can provide antibacterial effectiveness against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.
Skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun kayu Jawa ((Lannea coromandelica) (Houtt) Merr terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis Munaziatul Jannah; Haris Munandar Nasution; M. Pandapotan Nasution; Yayuk Putri Rahayu
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i4.241

Abstract

Jawa wood (Lannea coromandelica) (Houtt.) Merr. is a tropical plant that has potential as a medicinal plant. Almost all parts of this plant can be used in traditional medicine. This wild plant can be found easily in various locations such as home gardens, roadsides and community gardens. This study aims to evaluate the potential antibacterial activity of ethanol extract from the leaves of Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromandelica) (Houtt.) Merr. Against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This research used experimental methods involving sample collection, macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, simplicia making, characteristic examination, Phytochemical Screening, and Antibacterial Activity Test using ethanol extract from Kayu Jawa ((Lannea coromandelica) (Houtt) Merr) against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, using the agar diffusion method. Macroscopic examination results show that the leaves of Kayu Jawa have a tapered shape with a total of 7-11 strands. The flowers produced are single and yellowish-green in color, while the fruit has seeds of a certain length. Microscopic examination reveals the upper epidermis, palisade fragments, coral flowers, and wooden vessels with thickened spirals and stairs. The characteristics of simplicia show a water content of 4%, soluble essence content in water 21%, soluble essence content in ethanol 23%, total ash content of 4.8%, and insoluble ash content of 0.4% acid. The results of phytochemical screening on simplicia powder and ethanol extract of Kayu Jawa leaves showed contents such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins and glycosides. The antibacterial activity test showed that Jawa wood showed potential as an antibacterial agent, with different inhibitory abilities depending on the concentration used. At a concentration of 20%, an inhibition zone of 6.85 mm was observed against Propionibacterium acnes and 5.75 mm against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Meanwhile, at a concentration of 80%, the area of inhibition increased to 14.15 mm against Propionibacterium acnes and 11.75 mm against Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Skrining Fitokimia, Formulasi, dan Karakteristik Fisik Sediaan Soothing Gel Daging Daun Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) Rosalinda Mahdalena Sinaga; Minda Sari Lubis; Gabena Indrayani Dalimunthe; Yayuk Putri Rahayu
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i4.274

Abstract

The content of aloe vera (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) can make the skin not dry quickly and feel moisturised. Soothing gel is a preparation that works effectively to restore skin moisture, provide comfort and a cooling effect on red and irritated skin so that the skin condition returns to normal and prevents skin dryness. The study aimed to determine the various secondary metabolites in aloe vera leaf flesh, to determine differences in concentrations of aloe vera leaf flesh in soothing gel preparations on the physical characteristics of the practices and to determine material changes before and after stability tests were carried out using the cycling test method. The research method was used experimental, with the independent variables varying the aloe vera leaf flesh concentration 0% (blank), 1%, 2%, and 3%, and the dependent variable secondary metabolites and physical characteristics. The sample preparation method is wet sorting, and other methods used are phytochemical screening, viscometry, and cycling tests. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that aloe vera leaf flesh contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The results of the soothing gel formulation with variations in the aloe vera leaf flesh concentration of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% showed differences in colour, distinctive aroma, consistency, spreadability, adhesion, pH, and viscosity that met the requirements. The stability test results using the cycling test method showed physical changes in consistency, spreadability, adhesion, pH, and viscosity. However, these changes still met the requirements for good gel preparation according to SNI 16-4399-1996.
Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol asam sunti terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans Novika Utami; Haris Munandar Nasution; Rafita Yuniari; Yayuk Putri Rahayu
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i4.286

Abstract

Asam sunti is belimbing wuluh, which is processed into a special food additive from Aceh Province because it becomes dregs and interferes. Belimbing is processed into asam sunti for seasoning or additional dishes. Belimbing contains active compounds such as alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. Because Belimbing has an antibacterial pharmacological effect, it has been shown to fight bacteria that cause dental caries. The main cause of dental caries is the activity of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The researcher took the research problem regarding the test of the inhibitory power of asam sunti extract. They know the antibacterial activity of 96% ethanol extract. The method used in this study was an experimental method with independent variables, namely asam sunti simplicia and asam sunti concentration. The main variables were the secondary characteristics and the metabolite content of the asam sunti ethanol extract. The tests included inhibiting asam sunti's ethanol extract against bacteria. The results of plant identification showed that the antibacterial inhibition zone of the ethanol extract of asam sunti belimbing wuluh ethanol extract with a concentration of 20% (18.54) mm, 40% (20.79) mm, and concentration of 60% (21.48) mm including Thus is known that the concentration of ethanol extract of asam sunti Belimbing wuluh on 20%-60% is an effective concentration to inhibit Streptococcus mutans bacteria The concentration of the ethanol extract has very strong antibacterial powder, causing a large inhibition zone.
Penetapan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak kayu raru (Cotylelobium lanceolatum Craib) berdasarkan perbedaan konsentrasi etanol dengan metode spektrofotometri Uv-Vis Elma Natasya; Anny Sartika Daulay; Ridwanto Ridwanto; Yayuk Putri Rahayu
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i4.305

Abstract

The utilization of traditional medicinal plants for healing is the oldest form of medicine in the world. One of the plants that have many benefits and contain secondary metabolite compounds is raru bark (Cotylelobium lanceolatum Craib), used as a traditional medicine for diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and diabetes. This study aims to determine what groups of compounds are contained in raru bark extract and the value of total flavonoid levels contained in raru bark extract in differences in ethanol concentrations (96%, 70%, 50%). The stages of this research include processing plant materials, making ethanol extracts of raru bark extract, characterization examination, phytochemical screening, and determining the total flavonoid content of raru bark ethanol extract. The section of raru bark was made by maceration method using 96%, 70%, and 50% ethanol. Then, the extract obtained was concentrated with a rotary evaporator, and the determination of total flavonoid content was carried out based on differences in ethanol concentration using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of raru bark contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroid compounds. Determination of total flavonoid content by determining the maximum wavelength of quinine and calculating entire flavonoid content by UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results of the decision of complete flavonoid content of raru bark ethanol extract at 96% concentration are 1.9915 ± 0.0139 mg QE/g, 70% is 1.12492 ± 0.01532 mg QE/g, and for 50% is 0.95197 ± 0.01516 mg QE/g. So, the best ethanol concentration to produce flavonoid levels is 96%, which is higher than other ethanol concentrations.
Co-Authors Adelia Ramadani Adelia Ramadani Adli Nuzula Rahmah Alfi Wahyudi Nasution Amaliana, Amaliana Anny Sartika Daulay Anny Sartika Daulay Anny Sartika. D Ayu , Tri Indah Pagar Barutu, Liza Anisa Shevia Cindy Widya Rosa Br Simarmata D Elysa Putri Mambang D. Elysa Putri Mambang D. Elysa Putri Mambang D. Elysa Putri Mambang D. Elysa Putri Mambang Delvi Amira Hutagaol Dena, Mutia Diana Sopha Dikki Miswanda Elma Natasya Fatikasari, Cilki Fithri Pulungan, Ainil Fitri Mulyani, Fitri Gabena Indrayani Dalimunthe Gultom, Syarifah Elena Habibie, Dian Halim, Rahman Harahap, Azmi Kurniawan Harahap, Siti Salimah Haris Munandar Nasution Hendri Gunawan Hutagaol, Delvi Amira Huzeila Nisa Siregar Ika Fitriani Ika Yeni Siahaan Khofifah , Nur Lailatulqodri, Najwa Lastri Afni Leni Safriani Linda, Rosa Lisda Mayanti Lubis, Minda Sari Lubis, Nadya Frestika Lulu Ilma Khoirun Nissa M Pandapotan Nasution M Pandapotan Nasution M. Pandapotan Nasution M. Pandapotan Nasution M. Pandapotan Nasution Merani Phaustina Lumban Gaol Muhammad Amin Nasution Muhammad Arif Muhammad Hizbullah Muhammad Pandapotan Nasution Muhammad Wahyu Ikhsan Muhammad Wahyu Ikhsan Munaziatul Jannah Nadia Salsabilla Nanda Nadia Nasution , Muhammad Amin Nasution, M. Pandapotan Nelsa Fahira Nofa Lismandaria Nomi Noviani Novi Yuliandari Novika Utami Novriani Putri Santia Nurul Hasanah Oca Putri Nazuhra Oktavia, Sri Rahayu Prasetyo , Healthy Aldriany Rafita Yuniari Rafita Yuniart Rafita Yuniarti Rafita Yuniarti Rati Satri Situmorang Ridwanto Ridwanto Rosalinda Mahdalena Sinaga Rosalinda Mahdalena Sinaga Rossa, Aliffa Safira , Liyuza Selfiani Selfiani Sepriani, Ananda Shilvia, Fatin Silitonga, Burju Artha Marshalina Sinaga, Rosalinda Mahdalena Siregar, Ahmad Gozali Siti Aisyah Jamil Sony , Suyefri Sri Wahyuni Supiyani, Supiyani Syahni, Cynthia Syarifah Elena Gultom Tawir Rina Rezeki Tusaddiah, Ria Winata, Ageng Tegar Yani, Farida Yayuk Yuliana Zulmai Rani