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Journal : Variabel

A Simple Photovoltaic Experiment for Measuring Planck’s Constant Using Colour Lasers Nuri, Nuri; Marwoto, Putut; Nugroho, Sunyoto Eko; Yulianto, Agus; Subali, Bambang; Sulhadi, Sulhadi; Sumarli, Sumarli
Variabel Vol 8, No 2 (2025): OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : STKIP Singkawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26737/var.v8i2.8664

Abstract

The photovoltaic experiment provided a simple, affordable method to determine Planck’s constant through empirical learning. This experiment allowed students to present concrete data using easily available, low-cost materials. The experiment utilised a photovoltaic method, employing a simple, self-designed setup that used three laser pointers with wavelengths of 650nm (red), 535nm (green), and 405nm (blue) as independent variables. A 6V, 1W mini solar cell was used as the target, while the speed of light and electron charge were treated as control variables. The laser pointers were powered by a 3V battery. The data were analysed by plotting the relationship between 1/λ (inverse wavelength) and the measured voltage as the dependent variable. A linear regression analysis was performed to obtain the gradient, which was used to calculate Planck’s constant. The experiment yielded a calculated Planck’s constant of 7.09×10-35Js, with a deviation of 5.69 x 10-34Js, resulting in a relative error of 8.89%. This relative error could be attributed to several factors, including refraction effects caused by the glass layer and adhesive used to protect the semiconductor plate of the solar cell, as well as discrepancies between the actual wavelengths of the laser beams and the labelled wavelengths on the laser pointers.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD pada Siswa SD Negeri 95/III Tanjung Pauh Mudik Hastuty, Hastuty; Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Rahmadhanningsih, Sri; Sumarli, Sumarli; Nirawati, Resy
Variabel Vol 8, No 2 (2025): OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : STKIP Singkawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26737/var.v8i2.8029

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sejauhmana peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi penjumlahan pecahan dengan penyebut berbeda dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD di kelas V SD Negeri 95/III Tanjung Pauh Mudik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 95/III Tanjung Paluh Mudik. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah tes dan non tes. Non tes dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan setelah dilakukan pembelajaran matematika dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD, skor rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada pokok bahasan penjumlahan pecahan dengan penyebut berbeda adalah 77,63 sedangkan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dilakukan pembelajaran STAD adalah 59,74. Sehingga terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi penjumlahan pecahan dengan penyebut berbeda dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD di kelas V SD Negeri 95/III Tanjung Pauh Mudik.Kata Kunci: STAD; Kriteria Ketuntasan Belajar; Hasil Belajar MatematikaImproving Mathematics Learning Outcomes through the STAD Type Cooperative Learning Model for Students of SD Negeri 95/III Tanjung Pauh MudikABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which student learning outcomes improved on the topic of adding fractions with different denominators using the STAD-type cooperative learning model in grade V of SD Negeri 95/III Tanjung Pauh Mudik. This type of research was classroom action research, consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This classroom action research was carried out in two cycles, and each cycle consisted of two meetings. The population of this study was grade V students of SD Negeri 95/III Tanjung Paluh Mudik. The data collection techniques for this study were tests and non-tests. Non-tests were carried out through observation, interviews, and field notes. The results of the study were obtained after mathematics learning with the STAD type cooperative learning model; the average score of student learning outcomes on the topic of adding fractions with different denominators was 77.63, while the student learning outcomes before the STAD learning were 59.74. So there is an increase in student learning outcomes on the topic of adding fractions with different denominators using the STAD-type cooperative learning model in grade V of SD Negeri 95/III Tanjung Pauh Mudik.
Co-Authors AA Sudharmawan, AA Abd Basith, Abd Agung Witjoro AGUS AGUS Agus Yulianto Ahmad, Baihaqi Alpina, Wiwiek Altri, Panji Satria Al’ Ayyubi, Sandi Rizapratama Amalia, Dhea Andika Kusuma Wijaya, Andika Kusuma Andri, Alsar Anggara Sukma Ardiyanta Anitra, Rien Anwar, Lutfi Nuril Bambang Subali Baskoro Baskoro, Baskoro Citra Utami, Citra Desriadi, Desriadi DEVI KUMALA, DEVI Dina Agustin, Dina Eka Murdani, Eka Emharis, Emilia Emi Sulistri, Emi Erwin Komara Mindarta Evinna Cinda H Fatihin, Aldi fatria, Mellio Fazira, Oktaviani Fiani, Arya Susman Fuad Indra Kusuma Gunta Wirawan Hamdi Yusliani Haris Rosdianto, Haris Harly, Muhammad Hasan Ismail Hastuty Musa Idrus, Abdul Wahid Ilyasa, Muhammad Nabil Irawan, Moch Javier Irawan, Rondi Ismail, A Effendy Iwan Iwan Kurniawan, Faiz M, Sarjan M. Ihwanudin Mahendra, Fahregi Alifian Marhayani, Dina Anika mariyam mariyam, mariyam Marji Marji Mertika, Mertika Meyriska, Putri Muchammad Harly Muhammad Nur Ali Muharam, Sahri Muharlida, Aprilia Nurhayati Nurhayati Nuri Nuri Oktorin, Yuda Pangestu, Wiyan Dwi Paryono Prihartiningtyas, Nindy Citroresmi Prihatiningty, Nindy Citroresmi Putut Marwoto Rahmadhanningsih, Sri Ramadhan, Waldy Ashiri Ramadhani, Aldi Ramadhanti, Rika Resy Nirawati, Resy Rizkillah, Kurniawan Nur Rulika, Gita Tri Safira, Aisha Safrihady, Safrihady Saputra, Bima Afif Bagas Silvia, Canda Sri Mulyani Sujito Sujito Sulaeman Deni Ramdani Sulhadi - Sunyoto Eko Nugroho, Sunyoto Eko syahputra, Rizky Syarif Suhartadi Thoriq Bachtiar Y. E Triyadi, Didik Utama, Erdi Guna Utari, Manis Warni, Kharisma Winaryo, Hendi Bekti Wulandari, Fajar Zulfahita, Zulfahita