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Kota mataram,
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,520 Documents
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Effective Refractive Error Coverage (eREC) among Elementary School Students in Dasan Agung Community Health Center, Mataram (2024) Aliyyu, Aisah; Nintyastuti, Isna Kusuma; Nasrul, Monalisa
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10181

Abstract

Refractive errors such as myopia and astigmatism, if uncorrected, can hinder academic achievement. The Effective Refractive Error Coverage (eREC) indicator was developed to measure the effectiveness of eye health services in addressing refractive errors. However, eREC data in Indonesia is still scarce. actively participated in measuring the value of the Effective Refractive Error Coverage (eREC) indicator in her home area, Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. This cross-sectional observational study used cluster random sampling and involved 105 fifth- and sixth-grade students aged 11–13 from three elementary schools within the Dasan Agung Community Health Center (Puskesmas) area of Mataram City. Visual acuity was measured using a logMAR chart, followed by pinhole testing and subjective refraction by an ophthalmologist. The eREC categories included Met Need, Unmet Need, and Undermet Need. The prevalence of refractive errors was 11.67%, consisting of 6.67% myopia and 1.9% astigmatism. No cases of hyperopia were found. The eREC score was 0%, with no students meeting the criteria for Met Need, 5.71% categorized as Unmet Need, and 0.95% as Undermet Need. Most students (77.1%) had never had an eye examination, and 3.85% reported feeling embarrassed about wearing glasses due to social stigma. The eREC score of 0% highlights significant gaps in eye health services in the study area. Key risk factors include lack of prior eye screening, excessive screen time, and close work habits. Interventions such as eye health education, regular screening in schools, and access to affordable corrective lenses are crucial to increasing eye care coverage and helping achieve the global eREC target by 2030.  
Androgenic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management Maudina, Baiq Zaskia; Wahyudi, Reza Rizwandipa; Dzulilmi, Dhaifatu; Salsabila D.P, Septy Rianty; Prameswari, Devi Shanti; Fauzan, Naufal Revaldy; Saithanya G.D, Ni Made; Bramantyo, Rofi; Putri, Alifia Sabira; Rizqi, Amanda Suana; Salsabila, Ruhaniah Najwa
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10182

Abstract

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss in men and women, caused by a complex interaction of genetic and hormonal factors, particularly dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This condition is characterized by the miniaturization of hair follicles and changes in hair growth patterns, which affect the physical and psychological aspects of the sufferers. This article is prepared through a literature review from various recent scientific sources discussing the definition, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, complications, and prognosis of AGA. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is triggered by genetic predisposition, follicle sensitivity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and supporting factors such as malnutrition, aging, and vascular disorders. The pattern of baldness differs in men and women, assessed using the Hamilton–Norwood or Ludwig scale. Diagnosis is established through history taking, physical examination, and supportive tests. Management includes topical and systemic therapy, supplements, hair transplantation, and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). AGA is also associated with the risk of actinic keratosis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. AGA is a progressive chronic condition with multifactorial etiology. Early and appropriate management can slow progression and improve the quality of life of patients. Therapy is individualized, tailored to the degree of severity, gender, and patient response to treatment.
Osteochondroma: A Literature Review with Case Illustrations Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan; Aliyyu, Aisah; Zubaedi, Alisha Chaerani; Prawiro, Aurellia Wongso; Remtaya, Baiq; Rameci, Hadil Hudati Awwari; Aghni, Hasna Tazkia; Kusuma, I Gusti Ketut Artha Jaya; Ramadhan, Panji Sena; Mikailla, Romy Healthy
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10183

Abstract

Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor, typically discovered during periods of skeletal growth. Although frequently asymptomatic, it may cause pain, deformity, neurovascular compression, or in rare instances undergo malignant transformation into secondary chondrosarcoma. This study presents a case-based literature review to illustrate the spectrum of clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of osteochondroma. Three representative cases were analyzed: a 52-year-old female with talar osteochondroma presenting with ankle pain and swelling; a 17-year-old male with distal femoral osteochondroma manifesting as a posterior thigh mass with minimal symptoms; and a 26-year-old female with Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) who developed secondary chondrosarcoma. The comparison highlights that solitary lesions are often managed effectively with simple excision, while HME carries a higher risk of malignant transformation requiring more complex interventions, such as total hip replacement and adjuvant radiotherapy. Overall, osteochondroma generally has an excellent prognosis; however, careful evaluation and long-term monitoring are crucial, particularly in patients with HME.
A Case Study of the Head CT Scan Procedure in Pediatric Patients with Clinical Hydrocephalus at Hospital X Ponorogo Dewi, Hanifa Larasati; Nasokha, Ildsa Maulidya Mar’athus; Utami, Asih Puji
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10197

Abstract

Hydrocephalus is a common congenital abnormality in pediatric patients, characterized by ventricular enlargement due to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, variations in handling, parameters, and radiation protection exist among hospitals, necessitating further evaluation. This study aims to analyze the head CT scan procedure in pediatric patients with clinical hydrocephalus. This study employed qualitative case study design involving a 7-month-old pediatric patient with an indication of hydrocephalus. Data were obtained through observation and interviews with three radiographers and one radiology specialist, as well as from secondary sources. The hospital’s examination procedure included general preparation, positioning the patient supine (head first), and no sedation was performed. Technical parameters used the default settings of the machine, 120 kV, 140 mAs, slice thickness of 5 mm, and reconstruction slice of 1.25 mm, for both pediatric and adult patients. Radiation protection was applied only to the patient’s companion, while the patient dose was monitored by the CT system. Radiographic findings indicated obstructive hydrocephalus with a cystic lesion, with the underlying cause identified as Dandy–Walker malformation. In conclusion, pediatric head CT scan procedures were performed according to basic standards. However, the use of standard parameters and limited radiation protection indicate a need for improvement. It is recommended to implement protocols tailored to the patient's age and clinical condition, and optimize radiation protection according to the ALARA principle, to improve examination quality and patient safety.
A Literature Review: Acute Tonsillitis Azzahra, Anis Aura; Khotimah, Andi Husnul; Sugiono, Muhammad Rafly Adrian; Zulkifli, Yasmin Sabrina
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10202

Abstract

Acute tonsillitis is a bacterial infection characterized by painful swallowing, swelling, and redness of the tonsils. The purpose of this literature review is to improve understanding of acute tonsillitis, which is essential for patient care and a favorable prognosis. The method used is a systematic literature review. The results of this literature review indicate that tonsillitis is a common inflammatory condition affecting the palatine tonsils, accounting for approximately 1.3% of outpatient visits. The condition is typically caused by viral or bacterial infections and manifests with symptoms such as sore throat, fever, odynophagia, and tonsillar erythema or exudate. Viral tonsillitis is often self-limiting; however, bacterial causes most notably Streptococcus group A can lead to significant complications, including peritonsillar abscess, acute rheumatic fever, and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential to distinguish viral from bacterial etiologies. Clinical scoring systems, such as the Centor or McIsaac criteria, and microbiological testing, help guide appropriate management and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. Early identification and intervention are critical to preventing complications and promoting effective recovery. In conclusion, the prognosis for acute tonsillitis is generally good, with most cases healing on their own without complications.
Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Options Maurae, Perlin Nigel Valencia; Hakim, Baiq Sheila Oktalia; Yuar, Alana Akmal
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10205

Abstract

AVMs involve complex hemodynamic disturbances, including vascular steal and venous hypertension, as well as molecular underpinnings such as mutations in the KRAS, ENG, or ALK1 genes that trigger dysregulation of angiogenesis and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). This literature review aims to comprehensively analyze the pathophysiological aspects, diagnosis, and current therapies for brain AVMs, including the development of targeted therapies such as MEK inhibitors and anti-VEGF, as well as their clinical implications in reducing bleeding risk and improving patient outcomes. This literature review was conducted using a systematic literature review method through searching scientific articles and references related to brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The results of the literature study show that brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital vascular abnormalities characterized by abnormal connections. With an incidence of 1.34 per 100,000 person-years, AVMs are often asymptomatic until complications arise, with bleeding being the primary presentation in 50% of cases. Diagnosis requires multimodal imaging (CT/MRI/DSA) and the Spetzler-Martin classification to assess therapeutic risk. Treatment includes a multimodal approach: microsurgery (effective for small, non-eloquent AVMs), radiosurgery (staged obliteration with risk of edema), and embolization (as adjuvant therapy). The discovery of genetic mutations (KRAS, ENG) and dysregulation of signaling pathways (TGF-β/VEGF) opens the door to targeted therapies such as MEK inhibitors or anti-VEGF. Multidisciplinary collaboration and an understanding of the molecular pathophysiology are key to improving patient outcomes. In conclusion, brain AVMs represent a complex clinical challenge that requires an integrated understanding of pathophysiology, accurate diagnosis, and risk-based therapeutic strategies.
A Literature Review: Acute Pharyngitis and Laryngitis Ningrum, Sania Tresna; Hardian, Excell Defry; Fawaiz, Afdhila Anugerah; Ramdhini, Tisya Nasywa
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10215

Abstract

Acute pharyngitis and laryngitis refer to inflammation of the pharynx and larynx. These illnesses are typically brought on by bacterial or viral infections. Reflux, cancer, allergies, trauma, and poisoning are other less frequent causes. The literature review aims to obtain information related to acute pharyngitis and laryngitis. The method used is systematic literature. The results of the literature review obtained that the pathogen most often causing acute pharyngitis is beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A. Common symptoms of pharyngitis are a sore or painful throat, an itchy throat, and fever. Acute laryngitis is inflammation that occurs in the larynx area, and its etiology can be divided into two: infectious and non-infectious. The most common pathogens causing acute laryngitis are rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. These pathogens cause symptoms of acute laryngitis such as difficulty swallowing, persistent fever, severe sore throat, coughing up blood, and difficulty breathing. Since the majority of cases have a bacterial origin, the use of antibiotics is the basic management in cases of acute pharyngitis and laryngitis.
Meta-Analysis: Seasonal Variations in pH Concentration and Their Impact on River Water Quality Hendra Kurniawan; Oktaviani, Eva; Marpaung, Sutan Sahala Muda; Kurniawan, Hendra; Syah, Firman
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10216

Abstract

Water is a vital resource, yet its quality is increasingly affected by climate change and human activities. Seasonal variations, particularly between dry and rainy periods, may influence river water quality, with pH serving as a key chemical parameter. This study aimed to examine the effect of seasonal differences on river water pH levels using meta-analysis. The objective was to provide evidence of whether rainfall patterns significantly alter pH concentrations in tropical and subtropical regions. Relevant literature was collected from online databases using keywords such as “water pollution,” “dry season,” and “wet season.” Out of more than 40 studies, four articles with complete seasonal pH data were selected. Data were processed using OpenMEE software with a random-effects model, and the log response ratio (lnRR) was applied to compare pH values between dry (control) and rainy (treatment) seasons. The analysis revealed no significant seasonal differences in pH levels. The overall effect size was weak (–0.758), with the 95% confidence interval crossing zero. Heterogeneity among studies was high (I² = 80.325%), yet subgroup analyses by region, climate, and location confirmed consistent results. In conclusion, river water pH in tropical and subtropical areas remains relatively stable across seasons, influenced by steady climate conditions, well-mixed water bodies, and consistent vegetation. Broader datasets, especially from Indonesia, are needed to validate these findings.
Molecular Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Perspective Setiasari, Febi Jian; Putri, Shaffani Mahasuary; Puspasari, Baiq Sagitta; Ilham, Muhammad Fadani
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10237

Abstract

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a major global health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. TBI can lead to cognitive and emotional impairments, and even increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This review was compiled by searching literature discussing the role of molecular biomarkers in TBI, both from diagnostic and prognostic perspectives, as well as their therapeutic potential. The article search was conducted via PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. The findings showed that with the increasing number of TBI cases, the limitations of CT scans and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in assessing subtle brain damage have spurred interest in molecular biomarkers. Biomarkers such as GFAP, S100B, tau protein, UCH-L1, and NF-L have been shown to detect biological changes not visible on routine imaging. GFAP emerges as the most promising candidate due to its high sensitivity and specificity in assessing injury severity. Thus, molecular biomarkers have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, predict prognosis, and support more effective rehabilitation strategies. The conclusion is that TBI is a global health problem with serious long-term impacts. Molecular biomarkers offer a great opportunity to complement conventional diagnostic methods. Although challenges remain in validation, standardization, and clinical application, further research can pave the way for the use of biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as a basis for more personalized therapy in TBI patients.
Literature Review: Complications and Management of Post Tonsillectomy Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis Suryani, Elsa Indah; Asriantin, Isna; Pramesti, Evane Dyahayu; Hairy, Fathinah Salsabilla
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10246

Abstract

Chronic tonsillitis is a chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils caused by a viral or bacterial infection, particularly Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes. Tonsillitis commonly affects children aged 5-12 years and is a major health problem in the ENT-KL field in Indonesia. The prevalence is around 3.8%. Chronic tonsillitis can cause tonsil enlargement, which can interfere with the respiratory tract and lead to complications. This article is based on a literature review, compiling referen ces from several sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate. The process involved reading the titles, abstracts, and content of the articles to validate the sources used. Chronic tonsillitis is caused by a viral or bacterial infection that causes repeated inflammation of the tonsils, due to poor oral hygiene, allergies, and inadequate treatment. Clinical manifestations include a sore throat, enlarged tonsils, and respiratory distress. Tonsillitis is diagnosed through a history, physical examination, and supporting tests. Management consists of medication with antibiotics and oral hygiene, as well as surgical tonsillectomy if obstruction or recurrent infection occurs. Post-tonsillectomy complications include bleeding and infection, which must be treated promptly. Both medical and surgical therapy are effective in treating tonsillitis. During tonsillectomy, several factors must be monitored, including post-operative bleeding and infection. Prevention includes maintaining good hygiene and a healthy lifestyle.

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