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Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu
ISSN : 14108143     EISSN : 25021826     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/madania
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Social,
Religion Humanities Education Social Sciences
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman is a peer-reviewed international journal focusing on Islamic studies. The journal provides a platform for disseminating the latest research and scholarly discussions on Islam and Muslim culture in a broad sense, encompassing theoretical and empirical investigations of themes relevant to Muslim societies globally and beyond. Madania publishes articles under six main topics: Islamic Law – Discussions on fiqh, legal theory, and contemporary issues in Islamic jurisprudence. Islamic Education – Research on pedagogical theories, practices, and innovations in Islamic education. Islamic Economy – Analyses of Islamic financial systems, economic theories, and practices. Islamic Theology, Philosophy, and Psychology – Studies exploring theological debates, philosophical perspectives, and psychological dimensions of Islamic thought. Islamic Communication – Research on communication ethics, media studies, and the role of communication in Islamic contexts. Study of the Qur’an and Hadith – Investigations of textual analysis, interpretations, and the application of Islamic scriptures. Madania accepts two types of articles: Research Articles: Scholarly reports presenting the results of quantitative or qualitative studies that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in Islamic studies across the six themes. Conceptual Articles: Papers offering theoretical perspectives, models, or philosophical analyses relevant to Islamic studies, engaging with contemporary theories and frameworks. All submissions to Madania undergo a rigorous double-blind peer-review process to ensure high standards of quality and academic integrity. The journal is committed to publishing original, innovative, and impactful research that addresses contemporary challenges in the Islamic world.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Studi Agama
Articles 223 Documents
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Fragmented Ijtihâd and Fatwa Governance: A Progressive Ijtihâd Analysis of the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) Wahyudi, Nano; Syahnan, Mhd; Ardiansyah, Ardiansyah
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 29, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v29i2.9598

Abstract

This article examines the configuration of tajazzu’ al-ijtihâd (fragmented or partial ijtihâd) in the fatwa-making process of the Indonesian Council of Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia/MUI) and evaluates it through the theoretical lens of Progressive Ijtihâd. In the context of contemporary socio-religious complexities, Islamic legal reasoning can no longer rely solely on the capacity of individual jurists; rather, it requires specialization, multidisciplinary collaboration, and adaptive interpretive methodologies. This study employs a normative-comparative approach by analyzing MUI’s Fatwa Determination Guidelines, thematic fatwas, classical theories of ijtihad, and the epistemic framework of Progressive Ijtihâd. The findings reveal that MUI’s institutional structure has, in principle, adopted a model of tajazzu’ al-ijtihâd through commission-based specialization, thematic task allocation, and the inclusion of cross-disciplinary experts. However, epistemically, MUI’s fatwa practices remain dominated by textual-normative tendencies, resulting in limited integration of empirical data, social analysis, and a comprehensive maqȃṣid-based assessment. Consequently, certain fatwas lack full responsiveness to social change and the practical needs of modern Muslim communities. This article concludes that realizing a truly progressive form of ijtihad requires MUI to strengthen methodological consistency, increase the participation of non-fiqh experts, and adopt a problem-solving approach aligned with the objectives of maqâṣid al-syarî‘ah. These findings contribute to contemporary Islamic legal theory by elucidating the challenges and relevance of institutional ijtihâd in modern Muslim societies. Artikel ini menganalisis konfigurasi tajazzu’ al-ijtihâd (ijtihad terfragmentasi) dalam proses penetapan fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) serta mengevaluasinya melalui perspektif Ijtihad Progresif. Di tengah kompleksitas sosial-keagamaan kontemporer, mekanisme ijtihad tidak lagi dapat ditopang oleh kapasitas individual, tetapi memerlukan spesialisasi, kolaborasi multi-disipliner, dan metodologi interpretatif yang adaptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif-komparatif dengan menelaah Pedoman Penetapan Fatwa MUI, fatwa-fatwa tematik, teori ijtihad klasik, dan konstruksi epistemik Ijtihad Progresif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur kelembagaan MUI pada dasarnya telah mengadopsi bentuk tajazzu’ al-ijtihâd melalui pembagian komisi, penugasan tematik, dan keterlibatan ahli lintas disiplin. Namun, secara epistemik, praktik ijtihad MUI masih didominasi oleh pendekatan tekstual-normatif sehingga kurang mengintegrasikan data empiris, analisis sosial, serta pertimbangan maqâṣid secara komprehensif. Hal ini mengakibatkan fatwa-fatwa tertentu tidak sepenuhnya responsif terhadap perubahan sosial dan kebutuhan masyarakat modern. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa untuk mewujudkan ijtihad yang progresif, MUI perlu memperkuat konsistensi metodologis, memperluas partisipasi ahli non-fikih, serta mengadopsi pendekatan berbasis problem solving yang sejalan dengan prinsip maqâṣid al-syarî‘ah. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan teori hukum Islam kontemporer, terutama dalam memahami relevansi dan tantangan ijtihad institusional di negara Muslim modern.
Operationalizing Zakat as A Social Welfare Instrument: A Normative–Sociological Analysis of Pancasila Values in Indonesia Orlando, Galih; Sebyar, Muhamad Hasan; Irham, M. Iqbal; Asmuni, Asmuni
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 29, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v29i2.9275

Abstract

Zakat, as a central pillar of Islamic socio-economic justice, serves not only as a religious obligation but also as a mechanism for redistributing wealth and promoting social welfare. In Indonesia, where Pancasila functions as the national ideology and moral compass of development, the implementation of zakat reflects a convergence between faith-based ethics and state-based welfare ideals. This study examines zakat as a social welfare instrument that operationalizes the philosophical values of Pancasila within Indonesia’s pluralistic welfare system. While existing studies largely focus on the economic or administrative dimensions of zakat, this research contributes by conceptualizing zakat as an ideological and ethical mechanism that bridges Islamic moral economy and state-based welfare principles. Employing a qualitative normative–sociological approach, the study analyzes Islamic legal sources, national zakat regulations, particularly Law No. 23 of 2011 on Zakat Management, and institutional practices of the National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) through document analysis and institutional interpretation. The findings demonstrate that zakat implementation in Indonesia embodies Pancasila values through three integrative dimensions: spiritual justice grounded in belief in One Almighty God, social solidarity reflecting humanitarian and communal ethics, and distributive justice aligned with the fifth principle of Pancasila—social justice for all Indonesian people. This study argues that the zakat–Pancasila nexus offers an inclusive and ethically grounded welfare model, providing both theoretical insights for Islamic legal studies and practical implications for public welfare governance in Indonesia. Zakat, sebagai salah satu pilar utama keadilan sosial-ekonomi Islam, tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai kewajiban keagamaan, tetapi juga sebagai mekanisme redistribusi kekayaan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan sosial. Di Indonesia, di mana Pancasila berfungsi sebagai ideologi nasional sekaligus pedoman moral pembangunan, pelaksanaan zakat mencerminkan titik temu antara etika berbasis keagamaan dan cita-cita kesejahteraan yang dibangun oleh negara. Penelitian ini mengkaji zakat sebagai instrumen kesejahteraan sosial yang mengoperasionalkan nilai-nilai filosofis Pancasila dalam sistem kesejahteraan Indonesia yang bersifat pluralistik. Sementara penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya umumnya menitikberatkan pada dimensi ekonomi atau administratif zakat, studi ini memberikan kontribusi dengan memposisikan zakat sebagai mekanisme ideologis dan etis yang menjembatani ekonomi moral Islam dengan prinsip-prinsip kesejahteraan berbasis negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif normatif–sosiologis dengan menganalisis sumber-sumber hukum Islam, regulasi nasional tentang zakat—khususnya Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat, serta praktik kelembagaan Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) melalui analisis dokumen dan interpretasi institusional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi zakat di Indonesia merefleksikan nilai-nilai Pancasila melalui tiga dimensi integratif, yaitu: keadilan spiritual yang berlandaskan pada Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, solidaritas sosial yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dan kebersamaan, serta keadilan distributif yang selaras dengan sila kelima Pancasila, yakni keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa relasi zakat dan Pancasila menawarkan model kesejahteraan yang inklusif dan berlandaskan etika, sekaligus memberikan kontribusi teoretis bagi kajian hukum Islam serta implikasi praktis bagi tata kelola kesejahteraan publik di Indonesia
Registration of Marriage in Positive Law: Analysis of Justice for Women and Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) Sari, Widya; Arif, Muhammad
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 29, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v29i2.9027

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the provisions of the Indonesian Marriage Law and the Compilation of Islamic Law concerning the registration of marriage as a mechanism for the protection of women. The study employs a women’s justice perspective by integrating feminist theory and Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Through a feminist approach, this research identifies scholarly perspectives that emphasize the importance of marriage registration in ensuring legal protection and justice for women. This research offers an integrative analysis of women’s justice and fiqh, underscoring the importance of marriage registration as a legal guarantee for women. This study adopts a library-based research design, with data analyzed through content analysis. The findings indicate that marriage registration, from the perspective of women’s justice, is not merely an administrative requirement but a crucial legal element that determines the legal recognition of marriage and prevents harm to women, particularly in cases of unregistered marriage. From the perspective of fiqh, marriage registration can be understood as a contemporary form of marriage declaration without introducing additional essential pillars of marriage. In this context, marriage registration may be integrated with the requirement of witnesses, where witnesses function not only as living witnesses but also as witnesses to the deed. Such witnesses ultimately serve as authentic legal evidence of marriage. Based on the combined analysis of women’s justice and fiqh, this study proposes a revision of Article 2 of the Marriage Law and an amendment to Article 24 concerning marriage witnesses in the Compilation of Islamic Law in Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam terkait pencatatan perkawinan sebagai mekanisme perlindungan terhadap perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif keadilan perempuan dengan mengintegrasikan teori feminis dan hukum Islam (fikih). Melalui pendekatan feminis, penelitian ini mengkaji pandangan para sarjana yang menekankan pentingnya pencatatan perkawinan dalam menjamin perlindungan hukum dan keadilan bagi perempuan. Penelitian ini menawarkan analisis integratif antara keadilan perempuan dan fikh yang menegaskan pencatatan perkawinan sebagai jaminan hukum bagi perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kepustakaan dengan analisis data melalui metode analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencatatan perkawinan, dari perspektif keadilan perempuan, bukan sekadar persyaratan administratif, melainkan unsur hukum yang krusial dalam menentukan pengakuan hukum terhadap perkawinan serta mencegah terjadinya kemudaratan bagi perempuan, khususnya dalam kasus perkawinan tidak tercatat. Dari perspektif fikih, pencatatan perkawinan dapat dipahami sebagai bentuk kontemporer dari pengumuman perkawinan (i‘lān al-nikāḥ) tanpa menambahkan rukun esensial baru dalam perkawinan. Dalam konteks ini, pencatatan perkawinan dapat diintegrasikan dengan ketentuan saksi, di mana saksi tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai saksi hidup, tetapi juga sebagai saksi akta. Saksi akta tersebut pada akhirnya berfungsi sebagai alat bukti hukum autentik atas suatu perkawinan. Berdasarkan analisis keadilan perempuan dan fikih, penelitian ini mengusulkan revisi Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Perkawinan serta perubahan Pasal 24 Kompilasi Hukum Islam terkait ketentuan saksi perkawinan di Indonesia.
Implementation of Moderate Islamic Education Values Based on Local Wisdom in Kepahiang Regency Putrajaya, Guntur KRIS; Warsah, Idi; Sutarto, Sutarto; Destriani, Destriani
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 29, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v29i2.6640

Abstract

This research examines the role of religious moderation in maintaining social harmony in Indonesia's multicultural society, with a particular focus on Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. One of the main factors that trigger conflict is radical understanding. To prevent radicalism and promote tolerance. This research explores the concept of religious moderation developed by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs. This concept emphasizes the values of nationality, tolerance, non-violence, and accommodation of local culture. This research focuses on the implementation of religious moderation through local wisdom, with case studies on the Rejang Kepahiang Traditional Institute (LARK) and the People's Welfare Section (Kesra). Local traditions such as Umbung Kutei and Kendurei, which reflect Islamic values such as gratitude, mutual cooperation (gotong royong), and tolerance, play an important role in maintaining social cohesion and preventing radicalism. The research method used is a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods, which utilizes interviews, observation, and document analysis. The results show that the synergy between local wisdom and moderate Islam can strengthen religious tolerance and prevent extremism. However, challenges such as community resistance to change and limited resources need to be overcome with strategies involving tradition-based policies, education, and periodic evaluation. This research makes a significant contribution to the understanding of religious moderation at the local level and the role of local wisdom in strengthening social harmony in multicultural societies. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran moderasi beragama dalam menjaga harmoni sosial di masyarakat multikultural Indonesia, dengan fokus khusus pada Kabupaten Kepahiang, Provinsi Bengkulu. Salah satu faktor utama yang memicu konflik adalah pemahaman radikal. Sebagai upaya untuk mencegah radikalisme dan mempromosikan toleransi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi konsep moderasi beragama yang dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Agama RI. Konsep ini menekankan nilai kebangsaan, toleransi, anti-kekerasan, serta akomodasi terhadap budaya lokal. Penelitian ini berfokus pada implementasi moderasi beragama melalui kearifan lokal, dengan studi kasus pada Lembaga Adat Rejang Kepahiang (LARK) dan Bagian Kesejahteraan Rakyat (Kesra). Tradisi lokal seperti Umbung Kutei dan Kendurei, yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai Islam seperti syukur, gotong royong, dan toleransi, memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga kohesi sosial dan mencegah radikalisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode etnografi, yang memanfaatkan wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sinergi antara kearifan lokal dan Islam moderat mampu memperkuat toleransi beragama dan mencegah ekstremisme. Namun, tantangan seperti resistensi masyarakat terhadap perubahan dan keterbatasan sumber daya perlu diatasi dengan strategi yang melibatkan kebijakan berbasis tradisi, pendidikan, dan evaluasi berkala. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap pemahaman tentang moderasi beragama di tingkat lokal dan peran kearifan lokal dalam memperkuat harmoni sosial di masyarakat yang multikultural.
Shariah Audit, Transparency, and the Constitutional Court: Protecting Public Funds from an Islamic Economics Perspective Terminanto, Ade Ananto; Mulazid, Ade Sofyan; Almi, Ridho Fikri; Kurniawan, Muhammad Iman; Zh, Miftah Hur Rahman
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 29, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v29i2.9096

Abstract

This study examines the role of Shariah audit and transparency in protecting public funds from an Islamic economics perspective, with a specific focus on the Constitutional Court's role as the ultimate guardian of financial integrity. The research aims to synthesize recent literature to identify prevailing trends, analytical frameworks, and existing gaps in the field. The methodology employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA protocol, with a search conducted in the Scopus database yielding 50 selected articles for thematic analysis. Key results reveal that Shariah audit serves as a dual governance mechanism ensuring both financial accuracy and Shariah compliance. The Constitutional Court is conceptualized as a pivotal institution executing a modern hisbah function, wielding the authority to annul policies that enable misuse. Findings also indicate significant geographical disparities, a dominance of qualitative approaches, and the disruptive potential of technologies like blockchain and AI in enhancing transparency. However, technological implementation still faces regulatory and capacity-building challenges. The conclusion affirms the necessity of integrating ethical principles (Maqasid al Shariah), audit mechanisms, and judicial oversight. This study contributes to the literature by introducing an integrative analytical framework that links Shariah audit, technological transparency, and constitutional judicial oversight, offering a novel perspective on how modern Islamic governance can institutionalize accountability and safeguard public wealth. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran audit Syariah dan transparansi dalam melindungi dana publik dari perspektif ekonomi Islam, dengan fokus khusus pada peran Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai penjaga utama integritas keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis literatur terkini guna mengidentifikasi tren yang berlaku, kerangka kerja analitis, dan kesenjangan yang ada di bidang ini. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengikuti protokol PRISMA, dengan pencarian yang dilakukan dalam basis data Scopus yang menghasilkan 50 artikel terpilih untuk dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil utama mengungkapkan bahwa audit Syariah berfungsi sebagai mekanisme tata kelola ganda yang memastikan akurasi keuangan dan kepatuhan Syariah. Mahkamah Konstitusi dikonseptualisasikan sebagai institusi pivotal yang menjalankan fungsi hisbah modern, dengan kewenangan untuk membatalkan kebijakan yang memungkinkan penyalahgunaan dana. Temuan juga menunjukkan adanya disparitas geografis yang signifikan, dominan pendekatan kualitatif, dan potensi disruptif teknologi seperti blockchain dan AI dalam meningkatkan transparansi. Namun, implementasi teknologi masih menghadapi tantangan regulasi dan pengembangan kapasitas. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan perlunya integrasi prinsip-prinsip etika (Maqasid al-Shariah), mekanisme audit, dan pengawasan yudisial. Studi ini berkontribusi pada literatur dengan memperkenalkan kerangka analitis integratif yang menghubungkan audit Syariah, transparansi teknologi, dan pengawasan yudisial konstitusional, menawarkan perspektif baru tentang bagaimana tata kelola Islam modern dapat melembagakan akuntabilitas dan melindungi kekayaan publik.
The Principle of Maslahah in Marriage Registration Policy: Preventing the Exploitation of Women and Children in Mandailing Natal Regency Nst, Andri Muda; Hamid, Asrul; Ritonga, Raja; Hsb, Zuhdi; Siregar, Ilham Ramadan
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 29, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v29i2.7342

Abstract

The phenomenon of unregistered marriages in Mandailing Natal Regency remains a serious issue that weakens legal protection for women and children and increases the risk of exploitation of these vulnerable groups. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the maslahah principle in marriage registration policies and evaluate their effectiveness in preventing the exploitation of women and children. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach to explain the application of the maslahah principle in marriage registration and its relevance in exploitation prevention. The study location was selected purposively due to the high incidence of unregistered marriages and child marriage in Mandailing Natal Regency, as well as the strong influence of local cultural practices. A normative-empirical approach was applied by integrating the analysis of maslahah principles in Islamic law with the social realities within the community. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with religious leaders, community leaders, and affected residents using purposive sampling, while secondary data were collected from literature and official documents. Data were gathered through interviews and observation, then analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by source triangulation to ensure data validity. The results show that low legal awareness, perceptions that marriage registration is merely administrative, limited access to services, economic constraints, and widespread child marriage are key factors contributing to the high rate of unregistered marriages. The novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive integration of the maslahah principle with local empirical findings, producing a maslahat-based policy recommendation through legal education, expanded service access, and digital innovation as preventive measures to protect women and children.   Fenomena pernikahan tidak tercatat di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal masih menjadi persoalan serius yang melemahkan perlindungan hukum bagi perempuan dan anak serta meningkatkan risiko eksploitasi terhadap kelompok rentan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi prinsip maslahat dalam kebijakan pencatatan pernikahan serta mengevaluasi efektivitasnya dalam mencegah eksploitasi terhadap perempuan dan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan sifat deskriptif-analitis untuk menggambarkan penerapan prinsip maslahat dalam pencatatan pernikahan dan relevansinya dalam pencegahan eksploitasi. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposive karena tingginya kasus pernikahan tidak tercatat dan perkawinan anak di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal serta kuatnya pengaruh budaya lokal. Pendekatan normatif-empiris digunakan dengan mengintegrasikan analisis prinsip maslahat dalam hukum Islam dan realitas sosial masyarakat. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, dan warga terdampak menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sementara data sekunder diperoleh dari literatur dan dokumen resmi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, serta dilengkapi triangulasi sumber untuk menjamin keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya kesadaran hukum, anggapan bahwa pencatatan hanya formalitas administratif, terbatasnya akses layanan, faktor ekonomi, dan maraknya perkawinan anak menjadi penyebab utama tingginya pernikahan tidak tercatat. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi komprehensif antara prinsip maslahat dan temuan empiris lokal, menghasilkan rekomendasi kebijakan pencatatan pernikahan berbasis maslahat melalui edukasi hukum, perluasan akses layanan, dan inovasi digital sebagai langkah preventif melindungi perempuan dan anak.
Hibah (Grants) and Family Conflict Prevention: A Case Study of The Betawi Community in Pondok Pinang Rahman, Habib Al; Muslimin, JM; Adnan, Mohammad
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 29, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v29i2.8953

Abstract

This study explores the practice of hibah (grants) in the Betawi community of Pondok Pinang and its potential role in preventing family conflicts. Using a qualitative case study with a sociological approach, the research applies John W. Burton’s conflict resolution theory, which emphasizes mediation, along with the al-sulḥ wa al-taḥkīm method as mechanisms for resolving disputes. Findings reveal that hibah in this community is more than a traditional custom; it functions as a social tool with three main purposes: (1) ensuring the family’s future and harmony, (2) preventing inheritance disputes that could divide the family, and (3) preserving family values. Thus, hibah is both a means of wealth distribution and a reflection of family dynamics. The study highlight hibah as an alternative to avoid inheritance conflicts. However, hibah often leads to disputes. While heirs have the right to manage inherited assets, violations of Indonesian hibah regulations can trigger conflicts. This research concludes that hibah, if managed according to legal and cultural principles, can be an effective instrument for maintaining family unity. Penelitian ini mengkaji praktik hibah pada masyarakat Betawi di Pondok Pinang serta perannya dalam mencegah konflik keluarga. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan studi kasus dan pendekatan sosiologis, penelitian ini menerapkan teori resolusi konflik John W. Burton yang menekankan mediasi, serta metode al- sulḥ wa al-taḥkīm sebagai mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hibah di masyarakat ini bukan sekadar tradisi, tetapi telah berkembang menjadi instrumen sosial dengan tiga tujuan utama: (1) menjamin masa depan dan keharmonisan keluarga, (2) mencegah sengketa warisan yang dapat memecah belah keluarga, dan (3) mempertahankan nilai-nilai keluarga. Dengan demikian, hibah tidak hanya menjadi sarana pembagian harta, tetapi juga mencerminkan dinamika hubungan keluarga. Penelitian ini menilai hibah sebagai alternatif untuk menghindari konflik warisan. Namun, penelitian ini berpendapat bahwa hibah sering memicu perselisihan. Meskipun ahli waris memiliki hak mengelola harta yang diterima, pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan hibah di Indonesia dapat memicu konflik. Kesimpulannya, hibah yang dikelola sesuai aturan hukum dan budaya berpotensi menjadi sarana efektif untuk menjaga persatuan keluarga.
The Paradox of Law Enforcement on Exoneration Clauses in Indonesia: A Critical Analysis of Mawardi's Fiqh Siyasah and Strict Liability Principle Manahan Siregar, Khoiruddin; Gunawan, Hendra; Habibi Siregar, Anwar
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 29, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v29i2.9544

Abstract

This study aims to examine the paradox of law enforcement regarding exemption clauses in Indonesia, strengthening the analysis from the perspective of fiqh siyasah (Islamic political jurisprudence) concerning the role of the state in guaranteeing substantive justice and protecting the rights of the mustadh'afin (consumers). The research critiques the inconsistency in judicial interpretation and the tension between the principle of contractual freedom and consumer protection, despite the Consumer Protection Law explicitly prohibiting businesses from exempting themselves from liability. Based on a comparison of pivotal court decisions, such as Decision Number 385/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Sby and Decision Number 334 PK/Pdt/2014, this normative legal research employs legislative, case, and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that the strict liability principle—designed to strengthen consumers' bargaining position and eliminate the burden of proving fault—is often disregarded by judges who still adhere to classical principles from the Civil Code. From a fiqh siyasah perspective, this inconsistency reflects the state's failure (through the judiciary) to fulfill its duty as the protector of the people (ri'ayah) and the enforcer of public welfare (jalb al-mashalih), especially in addressing structural imbalances between businesses and consumers. Consequently, exemption clauses remain prevalent in sectors such as banking, transportation, insurance, and digital services. The study concludes that harmonizing judicial practices with consumer protection norms must be based on the principles of substantive justice and the state's moral responsibility (mas'uliyyah daulah) in preventing systemic injustice, which is the essence of siyasah syar'iyyah in regulating contractual relationships. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji paradoks penegakan hukum terhadap klausula eksonerasi di Indonesia, dengan memperkuat analisis dari perspektif fiqih siyasah mengenai peran negara dalam menjamin keadilan substantif dan melindungi hak-hak mustadh’afin (konsumen). Studi ini mengkritisi inkonsistensi penafsiran hakim dan ketegangan antara asas kebebasan berkontrak dan perlindungan konsumen, meskipun Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen secara tegas melarang pelaku usaha membebaskan diri dari tanggung jawab. Berdasarkan perbandingan putusan-putusan penting, seperti Putusan Nomor 385/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Sby dan Putusan Nomor 334 PK/Pdt/2014, penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual ini menunjukkan bahwa prinsip strict liability—yang dirancang untuk memperkuat posisi konsumen—sering diabaikan oleh hakim yang masih berpegang pada asas klasik Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Dalam perspektif fiqih siyasah, inkonsistensi ini mencerminkan kegagalan negara (melalui kekuasaan kehakiman) dalam menjalankan tugasnya sebagai pelindung rakyat (ri’ayah) dan penegak kemaslahatan (jalb al-mashalih), terutama dalam mengatasi ketimpangan struktural antara pelaku usaha dan konsumen. Implikasinya, klausula eksonerasi tetap marak di sektor perbankan, transportasi, asuransi, dan layanan digital. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa harmonisasi antara praktik peradilan dan norma perlindungan konsumen harus didasarkan pada prinsip keadilan substantif serta tanggung jawab moral negara (mas'uliyyah daulah) dalam mencegah kedzaliman sistemik, sebagaimana menjadi esensi dari siyasah syar’iyyah dalam pengaturan hubungan kontraktual.
BAZNAS and the Constitutional Legitimacy of the National Zakat System: A Sharia Economics Perspective Muhaimin, Muhaimin; Fatmawati, Fatmawati; Suhendra, Suhendra; Fitri, Yessi; Patriana, Ela; Yaman, Bahrul
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 29, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v29i2.9139

Abstract

This research examines the constitutional legitimacy of the national zakat system through the role of the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) after the 2023 Constitutional Court decision and explores the challenges and opportunities for digitalization integration in zakat governance to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with PRISMA guidelines. Data sourced from the Scopus database using strategic keywords related to zakat, resulting in 209 articles which were then filtered into 41 studies that were worth analysis. A selection process ensures transparency and consistency, while thematic analysis focuses on issues of legal legitimacy, zakat governance, and digital transformation. The results of the analysis revealed three main findings. First, the constitutional legitimacy of BAZNAS strengthens the integration of zakat into national law while expanding its socio-economic function. Second, the digitization of zakat, especially through e-zakat and blockchain technology, has significant potential to increase efficiency, transparency, and public participation, although it still faces obstacles related to digital literacy and public trust. Third, zakat has been proven to contribute significantly to poverty alleviation and the achievement of the SDGs; However, its long-term effectiveness still requires further validation through more in-depth and cross-country empirical studies. This research emphasizes the importance of strengthening zakat governance based on sharia principles that are integrated with state law, while encouraging the adoption of modern technology. Future research needs to be directed at cross-border comparison models, the development of innovative digital platforms, as well as multidisciplinary approaches that synergize law, economics, and technology to ensure zakat remains relevant in the context of globalization and future socio-economic challenges. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah legitimasi konstitusional sistem zakat nasional melalui peran Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) pasca putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tahun 2023, sekaligus mengeksplorasi tantangan dan peluang integrasi digitalisasi dalam tata kelola zakat untuk mendukung tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pedoman PRISMA. Data diperoleh dari basis Scopus menggunakan kata kunci strategis terkait zakat, menghasilkan 209 artikel yang kemudian disaring menjadi 41 studi layak analisis. Proses seleksi ketat memastikan transparansi dan konsistensi, sementara analisis tematik difokuskan pada isu legitimasi hukum, governance zakat, dan transformasi digital. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, legitimasi konstitusional BAZNAS memperkuat integrasi zakat dalam hukum nasional sekaligus memperluas fungsi sosial-ekonomi zakat. Kedua, digitalisasi zakat, khususnya melalui e-zakat dan teknologi blockchain, berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi, transparansi, serta partisipasi masyarakat, meski masih menghadapi kendala literasi digital dan kepercayaan publik. Ketiga, zakat terbukti berkontribusi signifikan pada pengentasan kemiskinan dan pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namun efektivitas jangka panjangnya masih perlu diukur melalui studi empiris yang lebih mendalam dan lintas negara. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan governance zakat berbasis prinsip syariah yang terintegrasi dengan hukum negara, sekaligus mendorong adopsi teknologi modern. Ke depan, riset perlu diarahkan pada model komparatif antarnegara, pengembangan platform digital inovatif, serta pendekatan multidisipliner yang menyinergikan hukum, ekonomi, dan teknologi untuk memastikan zakat tetap relevan dalam konteks globalisasi dan tantangan sosial-ekonomi masa depan
The Contextual Ijtihâd of Umar ibn Khattâb: Between Legal Reform and Local Wisdom in Early Islamic Society Sahidin, Amir; Muslih, Mohammad; Lahuri, Setiawan bin; Fata, Zahrul; Mochamad Sandisi, Zahratur Rofiqah Binte
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 29, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v29i2.9141

Abstract

This article aims to situate Umar ibn al-Khattâb’s ijtihâd within the tension between the spirit of legal reform and loyalty to normative texts in the development of Islamic law following the death of the Prophet Muhammad. Various issues emerged after the death of the Prophet Muhammad that had never occurred during his lifetime. This situation prompted the Companions to exercise ijtihâd in response to the challenges of their time. In this context, Umar ibn al-Khattâb stands out as a prominent figure who introduced a number of legal decisions that appeared to diverge from practices established during the Prophet’s era. His ijtihâd included the suspension of the amputation penalty for theft, the annulment of hadd punishment for adultery, the decision not to distribute war booty among Muslim soldiers, and the discontinuation of zakât allocation to new converts (mu’allaf). Some scholars praise Umar’s sharp legal insight as being in harmony with the maqâshid al-syarî‘ah (the higher objectives of Islamic law), while others regard it as an early form of legal liberalization or even a deconstruction of the Islamic legal system. Employing a qualitative, library-based method with a descriptive analytical approach, this study finds that Umar’s ijtihâd did not abrogate fixed legal rulings in Islam but rather reflected a contextual sensitivity to socio-political realities that could hinder the just implementation of law. In conclusion, Umar’s ijtihâd represents a hermeneutical approach that balances textual fidelity with contextual awareness. The contribution of this study lies in emphasizing that Umar’s contextual approach offers a paradigmatic model for understanding the dynamics of contemporary Islamic law while remaining grounded in the principles of maqâshid al-syarî‘ah. Artikel ini bertujuan menempatkan ijtihâd Umar ibn al-Khattâb dalam ketegangan antara semangat reformasi hukum dan loyalitas terhadap teks-teks normatif dalam perkembangan hukum Islam pasca wafatnya Nabi Muhammad. Berbagai persoalan muncul setelah wafatnya Nabi Muhammad yang tidak pernah terjadi pada masa hidup beliau. Kondisi tersebut mendorong para sahabat untuk melakukan ijtihâd guna menjawab tantangan zaman. Dalam konteks ini, Umar bin Khattab tampil sebagai sosok yang menonjol dengan menetapkan sejumlah keputusan hukum yang tampak berbeda dari praktik pada masa Nabi. Ijtihâd tersebut antara lain berupa menggugurkan hukuman potong tangan bagi pencuri, menggugurkan hukuman hadd bagi pezina, tidak membagi harta rampasan perang kepada tentara Muslim, serta menghentikan pemberian zakat bagi mu’allaf. Sebagian ulama memuji ketajaman visi hukum Umar yang dinilai selaras dengan maqâshid al-syarî‘ah, sementara sebagian lain menilainya sebagai bentuk liberalisasi atau dekonstruksi terhadap sistem hukum Islam. Melalui metode kualitatif berbasis kajian pustaka dan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ijtihâd Umar tidak membatalkan hukum-hukum tetap dalam Islam, melainkan menunjukkan sensitivitas terhadap konteks sosial-politik yang dapat menghalangi penerapan hukum secara adil. Kesimpulannya, ijtihâd Umar merepresentasikan pendekatan hermeneutik yang seimbang antara kepatuhan terhadap teks dan kesadaran terhadap konteks. Kontribusi penelitian ini terletak pada penegasan bahwa pendekatan kontekstual Umar dapat menjadi model paradigmatik dalam memahami dinamika hukum Islam kontemporer yang tetap berlandaskan pada maqâshid al-syarî‘ah.

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