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Management of Rational Drug Prescription at Lempake Community Health Centre, samarinda city Ilfa Pratiwi M Noors; Ratno Adrianto
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Stunting remains a significant chronic nutritional problem in Indonesia, particularly among children born to adolescent mothers. These young mothers often face limitations in nutritional knowledge, lower health literacy, and suboptimal reproductive preparedness, which collectively increase the risk of stunting in their children. Objective : This study aimed to conduct a review to determine the association between adolescent mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, and to identify the contributing factors. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This was a systematic review conducting following the PRISMA guidelines and utilizing the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework. Articles were collected through searching the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Crossref databases for studies up to October 2025. Two reviewers independently screened and included full- text article that examined Mothers Knowledge and stunting, focusing on the concept of knowledge, adolescent mother, and stunting. Results : A review included five articles. Adolescent mothers’ knowledge had a significant association with the incidence of stunting. This association was often strengthened by confounding factors such as socio-economic status, low education levels, limited access to healthcare services, and inadequate childcare practices. Several studies found that improving maternal nutritional literacy and initiating early prenatal care can effectively reduce the risk of stunting in children. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Low nutritional knowledge among adolescent mothers is confirmed as an important determinant of stunting in toddlers. Intervention efforts need to be focused on enhancing the education and nutritional literacy of adolescent girls through structured programs, including school-based education, adolescent mother classes in community health centers (Puskesmas), and targeted community campaigns. The integrated approach is crucial to break the intergenerational cycle of stunting and foster the development of quality human resources.
Study of Waiting Times and Outpatient Visit Rates for BPJS and Non BPJS Patients at the East Kalimantan Provincial Eye Hospital Sinar Sinar; Ratno Adrianto
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Hospital service waiting time is the time required from the time a patient registers until they are served by a specialist. The minimum outpatient waiting time standard is ≤ 60 minutes, but most patients exceed it. This long waiting time can result in decreased patient satisfaction and the risk of a decrease in the number of visitors. Objective : The aim to determine the waiting time for services and the number of visits by BPJS and non-BPJS participants at the East Kalimantan Provincial Eye Hospital. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study was descriptive, with data sources from the Eye Hospital Information System. Analysis is carried out by presenting tables, graphs, and in- depth explanations. Results : Most patient service waiting times were more than 60 minutes, with a percentage ranging from 45.9% to 85.2%. From February to April 2025, there was an increase, then a decrease, and then an increase again in August 2025. In August 2025, the waiting time was the highest, with 1,883 people (85.2%). And the highest number of visits occurred in July 2025, with 2,514 people, comprising 2,319 (88.71%) BPJS participants and 295 (11.29%) non-BPJS patients. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : that patient waiting times exceeding 60 minutes were recorded for 75.3% of BPJS participants, while the average for non-BPJS patients was 55.3%. Meanwhile, patient visits from January to August 2025 increased by 2021.9 per month.
Overview Of The Achievement Of Minimum Service standards (Spm) For Health Samarinda City In 2022,2023, And 2024 Jami'an Jami'an; Ratno Adrianto
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : The Minimum Service Standards (SPM) in the health sector serve as key performance indicators for local governments in ensuring the community’s right to quality health services. Regular evaluation of SPM achievements is essential to assess the effectiveness of program implementation and improvements in public health status. Objective : This study aims to describe the achievement of health SPM across 26 Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in Samarinda City during the 2022–2024 period Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This research employed a quantitative descriptive design using secondary data from the SPM achievement reports of the Samarinda City Health Office. Data were analyzed based on the average achievement of each Puskesmas, then aggregated to calculate the city’s average achievement per year to identify trends from 2022 to 2024. Results : : The average SPM achievement in Samarinda City was 83.75% in 2022, increasing to 93.65% in 2023, and slightly declining to 90.77% in 2024. Overall, there was a 9.9% increase from 2022 to 2023, followed by a 2.9% decrease in 2024 compared to the previous year Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The health SPM achievement in Samarinda City showed an overall upward trend over the three-year period, despite a slight decline in 2024. Evaluation of factors contributing to fluctuations, particularly in indicators with lower scores, is necessary to maintain continuous improvement in the quality of basic health services.
Overview of Health Worker Training Effectiveness Using Blended andClassical Methods at Bapelkes East Kalimantan Nur Asiyah; Ratno Adrianto; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Health worker training is a strategic effort to improve the competence, professionalism, and readiness of health workers in facing health service challenges. Research. Objective : This study aims to evaluate the application of training methods, participant distribution, and the effectiveness of both methods in improving the competence of health workers, as well as identifying gaps (GAP) in the implementation of training. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The research approach is descriptive and evaluative. Data were collected from 2247 trainees based on district/city, gender, employment status, profession, and training method. Results : Large cities such as Samarinda, Balikpapan, and Kutai Kartanegara dominated the number of participants, while remote districts were fewer. The majority of participants were women (77.9%) and ASN (69.5%). The dominant professions are nurses (29.6%) and midwives (24.3%), while minority professions (psychiatrists, medical records, nurse anaesthetists) are very few (<1%). The Classical Method is still dominant (90.5%) with 80% interactive, while the new Blended Learning is 9.48% with 20% interactive. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Training at UPTD Bapelkes in East Kalimantan Province has reached various professions and districts, but there are still gaps in the distribution of participants, training methods, and participation of minority professions.
Gambaran Realisasi Belanja Dana BOK Puskesmas Air Putih Kota Samarinda: Tinjauan Efektivitas dan Pemanfaatan Anggaran-- (Analysis of the Health Operational Assistance (BOK) Fund Realization at Puskesmas Air Putih, Samarinda : An Evaluation of Effectivene Zheditya Ayu Syawalia; Ratno Adrianto; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/mictoph.v2i2.4267

Abstract

Background :Health is a fundamental right guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and has become a national development priority under the 2020–2024 (RPJMN). One of the government’s key health financing policies to strengthen primary health services is the Health Operational Assistance Fund (BOK) Objective :To provide a quantitative overview of the expenditure realization of the BOK Fund at Puskesmas Air Putih Samarinda in 2024 and to evaluate the effectiveness and utilization of the budget based on the principles of effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, and accountability as stipulated in the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 18/2024. The study employed a descriptive method with secondary data analysis sourced from BOK financial realization reports for 2022–2024 Research Methods/ Implementation Methods :The study employed a descriptive method with secondary data analysis sourced from BOK financial realization reports for 2022–2024 Results :The findings show the average realization rate of the BOK budget over the past three years reached 88.9%, with a decline in 2024 to 82%, despite a significant increase in the total allocation. The pattern of fund absorption was uneven, with most expenditures occurring in the fourth quarter. Analysis based on George R. Terry’s (1972) POAC theory (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) identified issues in data-based planning, suboptimal intersectoral organization, inconsistent implementation, and reactive supervision Conclusion :The effectiveness of BOK management is influenced by misalignment among managerial functions; therefore, strengthening performance-based planning and monitoring is required to support the transformation of primary health services at the Puskesmas
Description of Community Satisfaction at Puskesmas Lok Bahu During The Implementation of Primary Care Integration Zulhijrian Noor; Ratno Adrianto; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/mictoph.v2i2.4268

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Background : In January 2025, the Mayor's decree designated all Community Health Center in Samarinda as Primary Health Service Integration Implementers. The initiative aims offer comprehensive services the encompass all stage of life, from infancy to the erderly. It is expected that change will improve the quality of care and enhance community satisfaction. Puskesmas Lok Bahu measures satisfaction through the Community Satisfaction Survey in accordance with Permenpan No.14 of 2017. Over the past three years, satisfaction scores have shown some variation but have consistenly remain in the very good category. Objective : This reasearch aims to describe community satisfaction at Puskesmas Lok Bahu during the implementation of primary care integration. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This reasearch employs a descriptive method, utilizing secondary data collected from a community satisfaction survey in first semester of 2025 from 398 respondents at Puskesmas Lok Bahu Results : The Community Satisfaction Index stands of 89. The lowest score was related to serviced periode, which received at rating of 3.435, while the highest score were for handling complaints from service users and service rates, both of which scored 3.857. A notable issue with service timing was identified due to an insufficient number of medical personnel in relation to patient visits, the center had only two doctors, and one of whom also served as the head of Puskesmas Conclusion/Lesson Learned : It is recommended to consider the addition of medical personnel and to enhance the queuing system along with information technology solutions to effectively redice patient wait times.
The Relationship Between Mental Health Disorders and Smoking Behavior in Company X Desy Indah Mardiana; Ratno Adrianto
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/mictoph.v2i2.4270

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Background : The WHO study indicates that over 1.1 billion people globally consumed tobacco in 2023, with significantly higher rates among men than women. Furthermore, the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) statistics from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2023 revealed that approximately 14 million adults aged 15 years and older, constituting 6% of Indonesia's population, suffer from symptoms of anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression are closely associated with smoking behavior, as higher levels of depression correlate with increased smoking tendencies, and conversely, lower levels of depression correspond with decreased smoking tendencies. Workplace- related depression stemming from job stress, fatigue due to work, and reduced anxiety from work fatigue that affects sleep and concentration difficulties can lead to continuous consumption of cigarettes. Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between mental health disorders and smoking behavior at Company X Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study employs a quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional design. Data were gathered using a questionnaire. The population for this study consists of employees at Company X, with a sample size of 90 respondents selected through accidental sampling. The instruments utilized in this research include the PHQ-9 (measuring depression levels) and GAD-7 (assessing anxiety levels). Statistical analysis for this study involves Spearman's rank correlation test. Results : The Spearman rank correlation calculation yielded a significant value (Sig.) = 0.000 (p value ≤ 0.05), indicating highly significant data. Therefore, H1 is accepted, suggesting a relationship between smoking behavior and mental disorders among employees at Company X. Additionally, the Spearman rank analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.804, indicating a positive correlation Conclusion/Lesson Learned: Based on the research findings, there exists a relationship between mental disorders and smoking behavior among employees at Company X. Increased smoking correlates with higher levels of depression and anxiety. Future research could further develop by employing different research designs, varying independent variables, and expanding the sample size, thereby advancing research in the field of mental health.
COMMUNITY SATISFACTION INDEX ON PUBLIC SERVICE PERFORMANCE OF UPTD LABKESDA SAMARINDA Eko Prasetya Budi; Ratno Adrianto; Ike Anggraini
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/mictoph.v2i2.4332

Abstract

Public service satisfaction surveys are an essential instrument for evaluating the quality and performance of government institutions in delivering public services. The Regional Health Laboratory Unit (UPTD Labkesda) of Samarinda City periodically conducts Community Satisfaction Surveys (CSS) to assess public perceptions, identify strengths and weaknesses in service delivery, and ensure compliance with the service quality standards established under Ministerial Regulation of PANRB No. 14 of 2017 on Guidelines for Conducting Community Satisfaction Surveys. Objective : The study aims to measure the level of community satisfaction with the services provided by UPTD Labkesda Samarinda during the first semester of 2025 and to identify service elements that require improvement to enhance the overall quality and efficiency of public health laboratory services. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using a structured survey method. Respondents rated nine service elements using a four-point Likert scale, and the results were processed to obtain the Community Satisfaction Index (CSI) Results : The survey results show that the Community Satisfaction Index reached 87.28, categorized as “Satisfactory.” This indicates that most respondents perceive the services as effective, professional, and aligned with their expectations. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The findings reveal that UPTD Labkesda Samarinda has successfully maintained a high level of public satisfaction through consistent service quality, competent staff, and adequate facilities. Continuous efforts in staff development, process optimization, and community feedback mechanisms are essential to sustain and further improve service outcomes.
SERVICE QUALITY, PATIENT SATISFACTION, AND LOYALTY IN PRIMARY CARE: POLICY IMPLICATIONS FROM A NARRATIVE REVIEW Panuturi Ratih Elizabeth Thresna Sinaga; Ratno Adrianto
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/mictoph.v2i2.4399

Abstract

Background: Service quality is a key determinant of patient satisfaction and loyalty. While extensive evidence exists in hospital settings, findings in primary care remain fragmented, particularly in contexts undergoing health financing reforms. 1 Objective: This review aims to synthesize empirical evidence on the relationships between SERVQUAL dimensions, patient satisfaction, and patient loyalty in primary care settings. Methods: A narrative review was conducted on 34 primary empirical studies published between 2020 and 2025. Studies examining SERVQUAL dimensions—tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy—in relation to satisfaction and loyalty were included. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively, supported by an evidence frequency mapping. Results: Responsiveness, empathy, and tangibles consistently demonstrated strong associations with patient satisfaction. Satisfaction frequently mediated the relationship between service quality and loyalty, whereas direct effects of service quality on loyalty were inconsistent. Reliability and assurance showed variable effects across contexts. Most studies employed cross-sectional designs and SEM-PLS analytical approaches. Conclusion: Evidence supports a service quality–satisfaction–loyalty pathway in primary care. Contextual and financial factors, such as institutional financing models, may moderate these relationships and warrant further investigation using longitudinal and context-sensitive designs.
AN OVERVIEW OF OUTPATIENT SERVICE QUALITY AT RSIA AISYIYAH SAMARINDA IN 2025 Mudassir Yunus; Nur Rohmah; Rahmat Bahtiar; Ratno Adrianto
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/mictoph.v2i2.4523

Abstract

  Background: Service quality is a crucial factor for patient satisfaction and loyalty in healthcarefacilities. The Government of Indonesia, through the Minister of Health Decree (Kemenkes) RI Number 129/Menkes/SK/II/2008, has set Minimum Service Standards (SPM) for outpatientsatisfaction at ≥90%. A study in 2024 showed a relationship between service quality and patientsatisfaction at RSIA Aisyiyah Samarinda, and an internal survey report for the January-June 2024 periodindicated that outpatient patient satisfaction was still below the 90% threshold. Objective: This study aims to provide an overview of outpatient service quality at RSIA AisyiyahSamarinda in 2025. Methods: This was a descriptive quantitative study usingaccidental sampling technique, with data collected from 110 respondents (n=110). The service qualityvariable was measured using five dimensions (Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance,Empathy). Results: The results showed that the overall average service quality at RSIA Aisyiyah Samarindareached 90.6%, which falls into the “Very Good” category and meets the minimum standards set bythe Ministry of Health (Kemenkes). The dimensions that exceeded the standard were Assurance (92.5%), Empathy (92.1%), and Reliability (91.0%). However, two dimensions remained below the90% threshold, namely Responsiveness (89.3%) and Tangibles (88.0%). Conclusion: The overview of outpatient service quality at RSIA Aisyiyah Samarindain 2025 was categorized as very good
Co-Authors 'Aina 'Uruba, Huurul Agustina Simanangi Pamowa Agustina, Elvi Ahmad Ahsyar Hamri Akhmad Azmiardi Akhmad Azmiardi Akhmad Irawan Alvie Magda Lesiwal Alwan Zakki Nozomi Alya Indriani Aminah Aminah Anisatia Saputri Annisa Nurrachmawati Annisa Nurracmawati AR, Chaerunnisa AR., Chaerunnisa Ari Utari Ari Utari Ashri Budi Astuti Astuti, Ashri Budi Astuti, Prima Yulia Atik Suhargiati Auralia, Syalmita Auralia, Syalmitha Ayu Indira Dwika Lestari Ayu Sri Mega Astuti Baharudin, Irfansyah Blego Sedionoto Boli Matius Tandi Payung Chaerunnisa AR Chaerunnisa AR Chaerunnisa Chaerunnisa Dahlia Dahlia Danu Putra, Muhammad Rangga Dedi Priansyah Desy Indah Mardiana Dewi Endah Ramadhani Dias Pratama Dwi Astuti Noor Wijayanti Dwi Listiyani Dzulhannisa Tricindra Edi Suhartono Eka Dewi Sitepu, Abira Ivanca Eka Putri Rahayu Eka Putri Rahayu Eka Putri Rahayu Eko Prasetya Budi Eko Prasetya Budi Elvi Agustina Elvira, Vivi Filia Endah Dwi Setianingtyas Fajri, Audya Nada Fatimatuzzahra, Siti Ferdhitya Rizky Syauqi Fierda Eka Pratiwi Firda Septimaulida Gloria Priska Britani Sumlang Grace Angelina Hasan, Hismawati Hilda Hilda Hilda Hilda Hutauruk, Hutauruk Huwaidah, Ayu Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Lestari Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Lestari Ike Anggraeni Ike Anggraini Ike Anggraini G Ilfa Pratiwi M Noors Imanuddin, Khairul Ira Puspa Rachmawati Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki Irfansyah Baharudin Pakki Irfansyah Bahruddin Pakki Iriani Iriani Iriyani Iriyani Iriyani K Iryani Kamaruddin Isnaniah, Enny Ivanca, Abira Iwan M. Ramdan Iwan M. Ramdan Iwan Muhamad Ramdan Iwan Muhamad Ramdan Iwan Muhammad Ramdam Iwan Muhammad Ramdan Jami&#039;an Jami&#039;an Jami’an Jami’an Jaya Mualimin Julia Arlianti Devani Juliana Hasibuan Jumliana, Jumliana Kania Imanuella Rante Kartikasari , Dina Khalisha, Nailah Khalishah az Zahra Kurniawan Khotimah, Vika Khusnul Khusnul, Vika Kurniawan, Khalishah az Zahra La Debi Atthoba Lasari, Aramika Laura, Najoan Brigitta Lenik Gah, Regina Lisa Septiana Marinda, Indri Masruroh1,2, Ah Yusuf3 , Nikmatur Rohmah4, Irfansyah Baharudin Pakki5 , Anita Dewi Prahastuti Prasojo6 , Qurnia Andayani1 , *Agung Dwi Laksono7 Maulana, Ady Mochamad Makin Mudassir Yunus Mudassir Yunus Muhammad Khairul Nuryanto Muhammad Noor Muhammad Rangga Muhammad Sultan Muhammad Sultan, Muhammad Nada, Abira Ivanca Audya Nada, Audya Nadya Zahira Shafa Najoan Brigitta Laura Nauli, Ruth Sekar Netie Rahmayani Noriah, Noriah Norsehan Norsehan Nunuk Kusuma Wardani Nur Asiyah Nur Rohmah Nur Rohmah Nur, Syalmitha Auralia Nurkholis Nurkholis Nurlianti Nurlianti Nurlinda, Fitria Nursakti Nursakti Nurul Rizkiana Tistania Palupi Setyo Hapsari Panuturi Ratih Elizabeth Thresna Sinaga Paramita, Tri Ratna Pasha, Yuliana Pratama, Dias Rahayu, Eka Putri Rahmad Bakhtiar Rahmat Bahtiar Rahmat Bahtiar Rahmat Bakhtiar Rahmat Bakhtiar Rahmat Baktiar Rahmi Susanti Rangga, M. Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Reny Noviasty Reza Jales Mahesa Adiyatsa Rinda Purnama Rini Astuti Wardhani Rini Wahidatul Ulpah Risky Amelia Rhamadani Rivana Firnanda Riyan Ningsih Riyan Ningsih Rizqa Mahardhika Ronny Setiawati Rudi Saputra Rudi Saputra Sadaria Sadaria Salyanti Puji Negeri Samsinar Basri Sayyid Muhammad Taqie Septimaulida, Firda Setyo Nugroho Sinar Sinar siti nurlela Subirman - Sumarni Sumarni Sumarni Sumarni Syarifah Amira Najla Tasha Citra Purnama Tri Ratna Paramita Ulfah, Meilida W, Ratih Wirapuspita. Wahyudi, Ayu Huwaidah Wardani, Citra Rizki Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani, Ratih Yadi Yasir Yerita Adellia Yudi Jaya Cahyana Yumardi Zheditya Ayu Syawalia Zheditya Ayu Syawalia Zulhijrian Noor