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Hasbi, Nurmi -
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Antibacterial Activity Test of Sumbawa White Honey against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 Hulfifa, Lale Nandita; Rosyunita, Rosyunita; Wardoyo, Eustachius Hagni; Hasbi, Nurmi; Rahim, Adelia Riezka; Arnawati, Ida Ayu; Alamsyah, Abiel Dwi Cahya Firdaus; Vaidika, I Komang Satya; Hazaa, Saskia Safarina
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): July - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7407

Abstract

Due to their high mortality and morbidity rates, E. coli infections are a serious issue. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a result of this indiscriminate antibiotic use. One approach to address this issue is to utilize natural antimicrobials such as Sumbawa white honey. Sumbawa white honey contains antibacterial components like glucose and fructose (80%), water (17%), polyphenols, and hydrogen peroxide. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of white honey from Sumbawa against E. coli ATCC 25922. The research method employed was a laboratory experiment using a post test only control group design. Antibacterial testing was conducted using disc diffusion at concentrations of 25%, 75%, and 100%, with chloramphenicol as positive control and DMSO as negative control, and honey processing involved dilution. Antibacterial tests were repeated five times  and antibacterial activity was observed based on the diameter of inhibition zones around the disc. The outcomes showed that there was a restraint zone at 100 percent grouping of honey, to be specific 0.90 mm, while at 25% and 75% fixations there were no hindrance zones. According to the findings of this study, white honey from Sumbawa has a low antibacterial activity (0.90 mm), but this activity is ineffective against E. coli ATCC 25922. Further identification of the chemical components in Sumbawa white honey that are primarily responsible its antibacterial effect.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Asetate Fraction of Centella asiatica Against Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Nazilinly, Fitri; Permatasari , Lina; Hasbi, Nurmi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): July - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7450

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major worldwide medical conditions causing nosocomial contaminations with high mortality and grimness. P. aeruginosa infection treatment, on the other hand, has become more difficult due to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, new antibacterial agents are needed that can be an option in controlling and managing cases of bacterial infections. Plants that could potentially become a new antimicrobial agent is pegagan herb (Centella asiatica). This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction of pegagan herb against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and its phytochemical profile. Pegagan herb powder was extracted with 96% ethanol, then fractionated using liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. Ethyl acetate fraction of pegagan herb with 3 treatment groups of 5,000 ppm, 7,500 ppm, and 10,000 ppm were tested for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method. The positive and negative control groups used Colistin and DMSO 10%. The results showed that all concentrations produced different inhibition zones against the growth of P. aeruginosa. Based on the mean diameter of inhibition, the concentration series of 7,500 ppm showed the most effective results with a mean of 2.69 mm compared to the other concentrations. Ethyl acetate fraction of pegagan herb contains flavonoid, phenolic and tannin compounds. Ethyl acetate fraction of pegagan herb can inhibit the growth of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in the weak category with inhibition zone diameter <5 mm.
Analysis Antimicrobial Activity of Sumbawa White Honey against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 Alamsyah, Abiel Dwi Cahya Firdaus; Hasbi, Nurmi; Rosyunita, Rosyunita
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 4 (2024): Oktober - Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i4.7467

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major bacteria causing health problems in humans, such as skin infections, abscesses, sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been identified since 1990. Consequently, research into alternative antibiotics utilizing natural products is crucial, one of which is honey. Honey is chosen due to its antibacterial properties, including sugars, hydrogen peroxide, phenolic compounds, and others. This study aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of white honey from Sumbawa against S. aureus ATCC 25293. The research method employed was experimental in a laboratory setting using a post-test only control group design. The honey was processed by dilution, and antibacterial testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 25%, 75%, 100%, with chloramphenicol as positive control and DMSO as negative control. The antibacterial test was repeated five times, and antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the diameter of inhibition zones around the discs. The results showed inhibition zones for honey at concentrations of 25%, 75%, 100% measuring 1.33 mm, 4.60 mm, and 7.33 mm respectively. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that white honey from Sumbawa exhibits antibacterial activity of weak to moderate strength, but its effectiveness against S. aureus ATCC 25293 is relatively low. Further identification of antibacterial compounds in Sumbawa white honey is recommended for quantitative analysis.
Potential Test of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Infant Feces on The Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis Farras, Afif; Hasbi, Nurmi; Parwata, Wayan Sulaksmana Sandhi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 4 (2024): Oktober - Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i4.7554

Abstract

Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause various health infections such as in the urinary tract, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, wounds, blood, and endocarditis. Treatment of S. epidermidis infections generally uses chemical antibiotics. However, the use of natural ingredients such as good bacteria such as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) can be used as an alternative in treating infections by S. epidermidis. LAB is a probiotic that has benefits on human health. This study aims to determine the antibacterial potential of LAB against the growth of S. epidermidis. This research is a laboratory experimental research with post test only design. The stage starts from making media for test bacteria. Then the bacterial rejuvenation stage was carried out using the media that had been made. After the bacteria grow on the media, the bacteria are made into a suspension. Furthermore, antibacterial tests were carried out using the agar well diffusion method and each treatment was carried out as many as 3 repetitions. All isolates were found to be able to produce inhibition zones against S. epidermidis with 3 isolates with codes 01A 10-5, 01A 10-6 (2), and 03A 10-7 (1) categorized as moderate and 5 isolates with codes 01F 10-6 (2), 01F 10-7 (2), 02AF 10-7 (1), 03AF 10-7 (2), and 04AF 10-7 categorized as weak. The best zone of inhibition in the medium category was produced by locus-shaped LAB isolates. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that LAB from baby feces has antibacterial activity with weak to moderate strength, but the antibacterial activity is still classified as ineffective in inhibiting S. epidermidis. Further identification of antibacterial compounds in LAB from baby feces is recommended for quantitative analysis.  
Antibibiotics Susceptibility Testing Against Staphylococcus Aureus from Nasal Isolates in Food Handlers in Canteen of Mataram University Suryantarini, Ni Wayan Puspa Wijaya; Hasbi, Nurmi; Ayunda, Rahmah Dara
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1b.7891

Abstract

Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by bacteria Staphylococcus aureus that contaminate food such as through transmission from the nose of the food handlers. Severe bacterial food poisoning requires appropriate antibiotic therapy. This study aims to test the susceptibility and compare the diameter of the inhibition zones of several antibiotics against S. aureus. The study is an experimental analytical consisting of sterilization of materials and antibiotics sensitivity testing using disc diffusion technique with replication. Statistical tests were carried out using the SPSS One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Test. The result showed that S. aureus was still sensitive to four antibiotics with the average diameter for gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol were 17.7 mm, 28.95 mm, 23.58 mm, and 23.08 mm, respectively. Statistical tests showed a significant difference in the diameter of inhibition zone from four antibiotics (p < .05). Ciprofloxacin produced the largest inhibition zone and gentamicin produced the smallest zone, while clindamycin and chloramphenicol did not show a significant difference (p > .05). It can be concluded that the four antibiotics are still suitable to treat diseases such as food poisoning caused by S. aureus. Personal hygiene of food handlers is important to prevent transmission of disease through food. Prevention of antibiotic resistance is carried out by paying attention to the appropriate use of antibiotics in the community. Further research with the larger size of sample and other antibiotics using different techniques is needed.
Identification of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram Positive Bacteria from Broiler Caecum in The Slaughterhouse of Mataram City Rizqullah, Rifqi; Wardoyo, Eustachius Hagni; Rahim, Adelia Riezka; Rosyunita, Rosyunita; Hasbi, Nurmi; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8466

Abstract

The subtherapeutic use of antibiotics as Antimicrobial Growth Promoters (AGPs) in broilers has accelerated Antimicrobial Drug Resistance (AMR) in gut microbiota, posing a global threat. This study aimed to analyze the population, morphology, catalase test results, and antibiotic sensitivity of erythromycin and vancomycin to cefotaxime-resistant Gram-positive bacteria in the caecum of broilers from Mataram City slaughterhouses. Using exploratory descriptive method, five caecum samples were analyzed by Total Plate Count (TPC) on Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA) media with and without cefotaxime, and incubated on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Results revealed uniform bacterial morphology on MRSA (small, round, convex, entire edge, white, Gram-positive colonies) but varied morphologies on MSA. Catalase tests were negative on MRSA but mixed on MSA. Resistance to erythromycin and vancomycin was 80% on MRSA, while on MSA, erythromycin resistance reached 62.5% with variable vancomycin inhibition zones. The prevalence of cefotaxime-resistant bacteria was 5.24%. This study highlights diverse morphological, catalase, and antibiotic sensitivity profiles in cefotaxime-resistant bacteria, particularly on MSA. These findings underscore the need for stricter antibiotic use regulations and further research to mitigate AMR spread in poultry production.
Comparison of Wet Mount, Kato-Katz, and Sedimentation Methods in Detecting Soil Transmitted Helminth Infections in Indonesia Rahim, Adelia Riezka; Triani, Eva; Rosyunita, Rosyunita; Hasbi, Nurmi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10281

Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) remain highly prevalent in Indonesia and continue to pose a major public health concern, particularly in areas with limited diagnostic capacity. Reliable and cost-effective detection methods are crucial for accurate surveillance and the success of national deworming programs. This study aims to compare three commonly used microscopic techniques (wet mount, Kato-Katz, and sedimentation) to evaluate their diagnostic performance and suitability for use in resource-limited settings through a literature review. Wet mount is rapid and inexpensive but limited by low sensitivity in light infections. The Kato-Katz method, endorsed by the World Health Organization as the gold standard, offers higher sensitivity and enables egg quantification, though its performance decreases when only a single sample is examined. Sedimentation is useful for detecting heavier trematode eggs and is relatively simple to perform, but sensitivity remains a challenge. Overall, while all three techniques are feasible in resource-limited settings, their effectiveness depends on infection intensity, sample handling, and examiner skill. Training and quality control are therefore essential to improve diagnostic accuracy and support ongoing STH control programs in Indonesia.
Tropical Fruit Peel Extracts and Their Potential in Antibacterial Product Formulation: A Literature Review Hasbi, Nurmi; Rosyunita, Rosyunita; Hanifa, Nisa Isnaeni; Wardoyo, Eustachius Hagni; Rahim, Adelya Riezka
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10360

Abstract

Bacterial infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms remain a serious global health issue, exacerbated by the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance. Although synthetic antibacterial agents are effective, concerns have arisen regarding their long-term toxicity, bioaccumulation, and environmental impact. Consequently, the exploration of natural, safe, and eco-friendly antibacterial sources has gained significant attention. Tropical fruit peels, which are abundant agro-industrial by-products, contain diverse bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids that exhibit strong antibacterial potential. This literature review systematically evaluates the potential of tropical fruit peel extracts as active ingredients in antibacterial product formulations. Using a systematic review method, articles were collected from databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published between 2015–2025 that assessed the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts from tropical fruit peels against bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The findings indicate that peels of pineapple (Ananas comosus), banana (Musa spp.), mango (Mangifera indica), papaya (Carica papaya), pomelo (Citrus maxima), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), and durian (Durio zibethinus) show significant antibacterial activity. These extracts have been successfully formulated into antiseptic soaps, hand sanitizers, nanoemulgels, and herbal mouthwashes, offering effective and sustainable alternatives to synthetic antibacterial agents.
Environmental Risk Factors that Influence Malaria Incidence: Literature Review Madani, Ayda Fitri; Eva Triani; Nurmi Hasbi
Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) Vol. 7 No. 6: JUNE 2024 - Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/mppki.v7i6.5232

Abstract

Background: Malaria is an infectious disease that continues to pose a global health threat. Malaria cases will reach 247 million in 2021, with malaria accounting for an estimated 619,000 fatalities worldwide. Indonesia is the second largest provider of malaria cases in the WHO South-East Asia Region, trailing only India. In 2020, Indonesia contributed 254,050 positive cases of malaria. In 2021, the number of cases has risen to 304,607. Objective: The goal of this research is to determine the factors of the physical condition of the house (including the use of wire mesh for ventilation, the presence of ceilings, and the density of walls) and the environment around the house (including the presence of bushes, puddles of water, and livestock pens) that influence the incidence of malaria. Method: This research is a literature review that use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) technique. The literature search was carried out on the internet using Google Scholar. Out of the search results, 11 articles were chosen for review. Results: The results of this study indicate that the use of wire mesh for ventilation, the presence of ceilings, the density of walls, the presence of bushes, the presence of standing water, and the presence of livestock pens in the environment surrounding the house are risk factors that influence the incidence of malaria. Conclusion: The physical condition of the house and the quality of the surrounding environment are both important factors to consider in malaria prevention measures.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI MADU PUTIH SUMBAWA NTB TERHADAP BAKTERI PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA Hazaa, Saskia Safarinaa; Rahmi, Adelia Riezka; Hasbi, Nurmi
Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024): DESEMBER 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jkt.v5i4.37666

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa merupakan bakteri infeksius yang sering diobati dengan antibiotik seperti kloramfenikol. Namun, penggunaan antibiotik jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan resistensi, sehingga diperlukan alternatif seperti madu yang memiliki sifat antibakteri. Salah satu madu yang potensial diantaranya adalah Madu Putih Sumbawa dari Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan desain randomized control trial dan post-test only control group. Aktivitas antibakteri Madu Putih Sumbawa diukur melalui diameter zona hambat terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan software IBM SPSS Statistics 25 dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Madu Putih Sumbawa mampu membentuk zona hambat yang signifikan (p=0,000). Konsentrasi madu berpengaruh terhadap luas zona hambat. Pada konsentrasi 25%, nilai signifikansi terhadap kontrol positif adalah p=0,003; pada konsentrasi 75%, p=0,005; dan pada konsentrasi 100%, zona hambat terbesar tercatat 3,46 mm, meskipun masih tergolong lemah dibandingkan kontrol positif (10 mm). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan  Madu Putih Sumbawa memiliki potensi antibakteri terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dengan efektivitas yang meningkat seiring konsentrasi madu. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dnegan meningkatkan besar zona hambat yang terbentuk seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi madu yang diberikan. Namun, efektivitas Madu Putih Sumbawa masih lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol positif, kloramfenikol.
Co-Authors AA Sudharmawan, AA Adelia Riezka Rahim Adelia Riezka Rahim Adelia Riezka Rahim Alamsyah, Abiel Dwi Cahya Firdaus Anak Agung Ayu Niti Wedayani Anak Agung Sagung Mas Meisyarawati Putra Andrayani, Lale Wisnu Apriliana, Rizky Ayu Arnawati, Ida Ayu Astri Ferdiana Ayunda, Rahmah Dara Azhar Rafiq Billah, Muhammad Azim Candrawati, Tania Happy Eka Arie Yuliani Elizar, Lale Justin Amelinda Eskarani Tri Pratiwi Eustachius Hagni Wardoyo Eva Triani Fahrin Andiwijaya Farras, Afif Hadziq, Muhammad Bayin Hanifa, Nisa Isnaeni Haza, Saskia Safarina Hazaa, Saskia Safarina Hazaa, Saskia Safarinaa Hulfifa, Lale Nandhita Hulfifa, Lale Nandita I Kadek Dwi Semadi Ida Made Hrisikesa Wejeg Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana Lale Justin Elizar Lana, Indah Rosita Madani, Ayda Fitri Metta Octora Metta Octora Miyamoto, Aida Agustina Muthiah Ramadhani Nazilinly, Fitri Ni Putu Della Diarna Ni Wayan Puspa Wijaya Suryantarini Nisa Isnaeni Hanifah Novia Andansari Putri Nurhidayati Ocktaviana Saputri, Legis Parwata, Wayan Sulaksmana Sandhi Permatasari , Lina Rahim, Adelia Riezka Rahim, Adelya Riezka Rahmah Dara Ayunda Rahmi, Adelia Riezka Raihan, Al Fikar Raykirana, Teerisha Rizqullah, Rifqi Rosyunita Rosyunita Rosyunita, Rosyunita Setyaning Pawestri Suryantarini, Ni Wayan Puspa Wijaya Syahrani Febriyanti Triani, Eva Vaidika, I Komang Satya Validika, I Komang Satya Wardoyo, Eusthacius Hagni Wayan Sulaksmana Sandhi Parwata Wijaya, Ni Wayan Puspa