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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan (JEBIK) Ekonomikawan : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan EKO-REGIONAL JURNAL PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI WILAYAH International Journal of Supply Chain Management Journal on Education JAE (Jurnal Akuntansi dan Ekonomi) MBIA SULTANIST: Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan JURNAL AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN DAN MANAJEMEN Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Community Development Journal: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat ANALISIS - SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND ACCOUNTING Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Economics and Digital Business Review Jurnal Riset Ilmu Ekonomi Journal Corner of Education, Linguistics, and Literature International Journal of Economics, Business, and Entrepreneurship (IJEBE) International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Asian Journal of Economics and Business Management Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi Open Community Service Journal Indonesian Journal of Community Services Cel Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research International Journal of Accounting, Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJAMESC) International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting BULLET : Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu JEBD Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan MERDEKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Jurnal Social Society Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Bisnis (JEMB) International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Nemui Nyimah Variable Research Journal
Neli Aida
Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, Ekonomi Pembangunan, Universitas Lampung
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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The Impact Of Mean Years Of Schooling And Patent Applications On GDP Per Capita With Labor Productivity As A Mediating Variable In Asean-4 Nurlaila Indah Sari; Neli Aida; Asih Murwiati
EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Vol. 5 No. 6: September 2026
Publisher : CV. Ulil Albab Corp

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/ekoma.v5i6.20918

Abstract

This study examines the effect of mean years of schooling and patent applications on GDP per capita in ASEAN countries, both directly and indirectly through labor productivity as a mediating variable. All variables were transformed into natural logarithms (ln), and the analysis employed path analysis based on panel data regression, consisting of two structural equations. Structural Model 1 estimates the effect of the independent variables on the mediating variable, while Structural Model 2 estimates the effect of both the independent variables and the mediating variable on the dependent variable. Based on model selection tests, the Random Effect Model (REM) was selected for Structural Model 1, and the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) was selected for Structural Model 2. The results show that mean years of schooling (RRLS) has a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita, both directly and indirectly through labor productivity. This indicates that education contributes to economic output mainly through its role in enhancing labor productivity. Patent applications also show a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita, both directly and indirectly. Although smaller in magnitude than education, this confirms that innovation activity supports economic growth in ASEAN primarily through labor productivity gains. Overall, labor productivity serves as a key mediating channel linking human capital and innovation to GDP per capita across ASEAN countries, with indirect effects outweighing direct effects for both variables.  
Co-Authors Achmad Verdi Jayanto Agus Suman Ahmad Dharu Athallah Ahmad Dhea Pratama Alfattah, Dhiwa Abiyu Almausshofi Almausshofi Andesta, Herma Yola Andre Setiawan, Andre Andrian, Thomas Anugrah Martua Raja Arif Darmawan Arivina Ratih Arivina Ratih Arivina Ratih Y.T Arivina Ratih Yulihar Taher Arivina Ratih Yulihar Taher Asih Murwiati Asih Murwiati Aulia, Deswira Banuwa, Laili Fadhila Candani Rahmah Ciptawaty, Ukhti Daffa Nanda Pratama Daffa Nanda Pratama Dedy Yuliawan Dedy Yuliawan Dhiya Laili Izdihar Dwi Cahya Maulani Esha Galang Gati Mahendra Fadeli Yusuf Afif Faqih Aji Prabowo Farid Azfa Putra Fathia Naura Andini Febrianto Wibowo Feri Dwi Riyanto Feri Hardani Feri Hardani Fery Dwiriyanto Gea , Iman Jaya Gitara Dhea Pramudita Gunarto, Toto Hardiansa Nur Syahputra Hermawan, Endri HERU WAHYUDI I Wayan Suparta . Iis Purniawati Indah Fadhilah Ira Novika Irfan Musyaffa Irfan Zhahir Julian Julian, Nabila Arnelis Julita Kamadie Sumanda Syafis Kurnia, Ketut Lira Lismiyah, Efi Liza, Putri Permata Manurung, Jairus Marcelina Anggreani Mariska, Mega Marselina Marselina Marselina Maulani, Dwi Cahya Mauludi Fithri Nabila Meikanur Sidiq MELATI, PUPUT Mely Agustina Moneyzar Usman Moniyana, Resha Muhamad Derry Andian Muhammad Doni Saputra Muhammad Hafidz Muhammad Husaini Muhammad Kemal Abilio Muhammad Mufti Hudani Muhammad Zaky Anwar Musyaffa, Irfan Mutiara Sari Nadia Aprilia Agatha Nairobi, Nairobi Nazila Hafitsah Nazwa Shihab Nindien, Qurrota Ayu Nouvan, M. Ahadi Novia Nazila Ramadhani Novia Nur Arif Wijayanti Nurlaila Indah Sari Nurlaila Indah Sari Oky Indrajaya Prapti Lestari Priska Diana Santri Priska Diana. S Puput Puspita Sari Qurota Ayu Nindya6 Qurrota Ayu Nindien Qurrota Ayu Nindien Rachel Jessica Rachmad Kresna Sakti Rahmaillah, Windy Ratih Taher, Arivina Ratih, Arivina Ria Febriani Ribhan Ribhan, Ribhan Rico Ferdian Pratama Rida Fajriani Riesty Yunda Sari Rohman, Fatkhur Rozak, M Ikhsan Nur Sabrina Tiara Sovia Sandi Asmara Sapto Kuncoro Sari Astuti Septiana Dwi Nurmala Setyawan, Ari Shafira, Nabilla Shella Yuliana Silva Triananda Susilo . Syarifah Aini Taher, Arvinia Ratih Tantri Siwi Peni Toto Gunarto Toto Gunarto Tri Difastio Ramadhan Tri Joko Prasetyo Tri Joko Prasetyo Tri Yuliana Putri Triananda, Silva Ukhti Ciptawaty Ukhti Ciptawaty Ulfa Sekar Dini Utami, Endang Mega Vitriyani Tri Purwaningsih Wulan Dwi Lestari Yudastio Yuliana, Shella Zulfa Emalia