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Pengaruh Propilen Glikol terhadap Laju Difusi Krim Natrium Diklofenak dengan Basis Hidrofobik Secara Invitro Angga Cipta Narsa; Boesro Soebagio; Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v1i1.2

Abstract

ABSTRACT The research on effect of propylene glycol in diffusion of cream diclofenac sodium from hydrophobic base with in-vitro. The research has been used for concentrations propylene glycol (0, 3, 5, and 7%). The stability test included organoleptic, pH, viscosity, consistency, flow type for 56 days of storge, and diffusion test used diffusion franz cell and membrane spangler. The result showed that formula diclofenac sodium cream contained propylene glycol 7% was the one best in diffusion of 0.0203 ppm/menit. Key words : Propylene glycol, diffusion, hydrophobic base ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh propilen glikol terhadap laju difusi krim natrium diklofenak basis hidrofobik secara invitro. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat formula dengan variasi konsentrasi propilen glikol yaitu 0, 3, 5, dan 7%. Pengujian stabilitas fisik sediaan krim meliputi organoleptis, pH, viskositas, konsistensi, dan uji sifat aliran selama 56 hari penyimpanan, serta uji difusi menggunakan alat difusi Franz dan membran spangler. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapat bahwa formula krim natrium diklofenak yang mengandung propilen glikol 7% memiliki laju difusi paling baik yaitu 0,0203 ppm/menit. Kata kunci : Propilen glikol, laju difusi, basis hidrofobik
Improving Urban Air Quality Prediction Using Bidirectional GRU: A Case Study of CO Concentration to Support Education in Yogyakarta Ordiyasa, I Wayan; Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo; Wiratma, Harits Dwi; Diqi, Mohammad; Hiswati, Marselina Endah; Noverianus, Noverianus; Syihab, Namira Anjani Rahmadina
Letters in Information Technology Education (LITE) Vol 7, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um010v7i22024p63-69

Abstract

Urban air pollution, particularly carbon monoxide (CO), poses serious health risks, emphasizing the need for accurate prediction models to support real-time monitoring and timely responses. This study explores the use of a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) model to improve CO concentration forecasts, capturing intricate temporal patterns in air quality data. The model, optimized for varying input-output sequences, contributes to advancements in air quality prediction by enhancing accuracy with extended historical data. Using hourly CO data from Yogyakarta, Indonesia, the Bi-GRU model was evaluated across input lengths of 48, 96, and 144 hours with prediction outputs of 24 and 48 hours. Results show high prediction accuracy, with the best performance at 144-hour inputs, achieving an R² of 0.99 and minimal error metrics. These findings underscore the model's reliability and precision in capturing CO fluctuations, making it a promising tool for urban environmental management. This research offers a foundation for further refinement and broader applications in air quality monitoring systems.
Transfersomes for Optimal Penetration of α-Mangostin (Garcinia mangostana L.) in Cosmetic Products using Vortexing-Sonication Putri, Yola Desnera; Tristiyanti, Deby; P Legowo, Wahyu; K Sari, Nia; Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 5, Issue 2, May - August 2023
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v5i2.51593

Abstract

Produk kosmetik berbasis transfersom semakin menarik perhatian karena teknologi nano vesikel ini dapat meningkatkan penetrasi bahan aktif seperti isolat manggis dari Garcinia mangostana L. ke dalam kulit. Teknologi ini menawarkan pengembangan produk kosmetik inovatif yang menjanjikan. Transfersom terdiri dari fosfolipid (yaitu fosfatidilkolin dari lesitin kedelai) dan surfaktan yang masing-masing membentuk vesikel dan meningkatkan fleksibilitas transferom sebagai aktivator tepi. Kami mengembangkan formula dengan isolat manggis dalam transfersom dan mengukur ukuran partikel dan persen penjebakan bahan aktif. Rasio yang digunakan adalah F1 (60:40), F2 (50:50), dan F3 (95:5). Setelah dioptimasi, formula dievaluasi untuk efisiensi penyerapan dan stabilitas fisik selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini membuat transfersom dari isolat mangostin dengan metode vortexing-sonikasi dan homogenizer. Ukuran partikel diukur dengan alat analisis ukuran partikel dan efisiensi penyerapan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula transfersom terbaik adalah F2 (50:50), dengan ukuran partikel 433,2 nm, PDI 0,399, zeta potensial -2,43 mV, dan efisiensi penjerapan 99,08%. Transfersom ini berpotensi sebagai sistem penghantaran isolat mangostin yang efisien ke dalam kulit dan dapat disimpan dengan lebih baik pada suhu dingin. Key words: Transferom, vortexing-sonikasi, isolat manggis
Systematic Review : Metode dan Aplikasi Mikroenkapsulasi pada Ekstrak Bahan Alam Muharam, Firman; Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo; Amalia, Eri
MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mahesa.v5i5.17066

Abstract

ABSTRACT Natural extracts have potential in the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, and clinical applications because they are safe, non-toxic, and have relatively low side effects. Unfavorable taste and odor and stability problems are their disadvantages. The solution to these problems is microencapsulation technology. Microencapsulation is a technology that involves covering or coating a core substance with a polymer wall layer, resulting in micro-sized particles. The benefits of microencapsulation can protect compounds from various environmental factors such as oxidation, degradation, temperature, humidity, and light, thereby extending the shelf life of the product, improving the stability of active ingredients, preventing loss of activity, masking aromatic flavors and odors, improving the stability of volatile compounds and increasing bioavailability. The purpose of this review is to gather information about the application of microencapsulation to natural extracts and what the results of microencapsulation are. The literature review was conducted through Google Scholar and PubMed databases, and the literature selection was done using the PRISMA Flow Chart. This review results in microencapsulation technology for natural extracts made by ionic gelation, spray wet microencapsulation (SWM), solvent evaporation, freeze drying, fluid bed, and spray drying. Each method has a unique way of protecting the core substance with a polymer layer, resulting in useful microcapsules such as to reduce moisture, obtain suitable physicochemical characteristics, good flow rate, retain bioactive compounds, lower hygroscopicity, improve stability, increase shelf life, increase solubility, taste masking, maintain antioxidant content and pharmacological activity of natural ingredient extracts. This means the use of microencapsulation technology promises to improve the utilization of natural extracts in various pharmaceutical industries, cosmetics, and clinical applications. Keywords: Microencapsulation, Natural extracts, Methods, Applications  ABSTRAK Ekstrak bahan alam memiliki potensi dalam industri farmasi, kosmetik dan aplikasi klinis karena aman, tidak beracun dan efek samping relative rendah. tetapi kelemahannya yaitu rasa dan bau yang tidak disukai serta  masalah stabilitas. Solusi untuk masalah ini adalah teknologi mikroenkapsulasi. Mikroenkapsulasi adalah teknologi yang melibatkan penyalutan atau pelapisan zat inti oleh lapisan dinding polimer, menghasilkan partikel-partikel dengan ukuran mikro. Keunggulan mikroenkapsulasi dapat melindungi senyawa dari berbagai faktor lingkungan seperti oksidasi, degradasi, suhu, kelembaban, dan cahaya, sehingga dapat memperpanjang umur simpan produk, meningkatkan stabilitas bahan aktif, mencegah penurunan aktivitas, menutupi bau dan rasa, stabilitas dan bioavabilitas senyawa meningkat. Tujuan riview ini yaitu mengumpulkan informasi terkait aplikasi mikroenkapsulasi terhadap ekstrak bahan alam serta apa hasil dari mikroenkapsulasi tersebut. Kajian literatur dilakukan melalui database Google Scholar dan PubMed dengan seleksi literatur menggunakan Flow Diagram PRISMA. Hasil dari riview ini teknologi mikroenkapsulasi pada ekstrak bahan alam bisa dibuat dengan metode ionic gelation, spray wet microencapsulation (SWM), solvent evaporation, freeze drying, fluid bed, dan spray drying. Setiap metode memiliki cara unik dalam melindungi zat inti dengan lapisan polimer, sehingga menghasilkan mikrokapsul yang berguna seperti untuk mengurangi kelembaban, mendapatkan karakteristik fisikokimia yang sesuai, laju alir yang baik, mempertahankan senyawa bioaktif, menurunkan higroskopisitas, meningkatkan stabilitas, meningkatkan umur simpan, meningkatkan kelarutan, menutupi rasa, menjaga kandungan antioksidan dan aktivitas farmakologi ekstrak bahan alam. Penggunaan teknologi mikroenkapsulasi menjanjikan peningkatan dalam pemanfaatan ekstrak bahan alam dalam berbagai industri farmasi, kosmetik dan aplikasi klinis. Kata Kunci: Aplikasi, Ekstrak Bahan Alam, Metode, Mikroenkapsulasi.
Review: Penggunaan Maltodekstrin pada Enkapsulasi Ekstrak Bahan Alam dan Stabilitasnya Terhadap Ph dan Suhu Rismawan, Haris; Eri, Amalia; Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo
MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 6 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mahesa.v5i6.18572

Abstract

ABSTRACT Encapsulation is an effective technology used to protect active ingredients from adverse environmental conditions such as instability to heat, light, oxygen and acidity. In the pharmaceutical field, this technology is very appropriate to be applied especially to natural extracts where the bioactive compounds contained therein are unstable and easily degraded during the storage process.  Polymers that are widely used for the encapsulation of natural extracts are maltodextrin which serves to protect sensitive components such as antioxidant components, flavours, vitamins and colours, this is because maltodextrin has a strong binding power to the coated compounds and is able to provide a thin layer that is cohesive with the core material. Keywords: Encapsulation, Natural Extracts, Maltodextrin  ABSTRAK Enkapsulasi merupakan teknologi yang efektif digunakan untuk melindungi bahan aktif dari kondisi lingkungan yang merugikan seperti ketidakstabilannya terhadap suhu panas, cahaya, oksigen dan keasaman. Dalam bidang farmasi, teknologi ini sangat tepat diaplikasikan terutama terhadap ekstrak bahan alam dimana senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung didalamnya bersifat tidak stabil dan mudah terdegradasi selama proses penyimpan.  Polimer yang banyak digunakan untuk enkapsulasi ekstrak bahan alam adalah maltodekstrin yang berfungsi untuk melindungi komponen yang sensitif seperti komponen antioksidan, rasa, vitamin dan warna, hal ini dikarenakan maltodekstrin memiliki daya ikat yang kuat terhadap senyawa yang tersalut dan mampu memberikan lapisan tipis yang kohesif dengan bahan inti. Kata Kunci: Enkapsulasi, Ekstrak Bahan Alam, Maltodekstrin
 Risk Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry Supply Chain at the Pharmaceutical Wholesaler Level Evi, Sylvia; Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo; Masrahman, Roestan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 7, Issue 1, Jan - April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v7i1.62708

Abstract

The pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia faces several challenges in risk management, particularly in stakeholder management, which includes the government, healthcare providers, distributors, and the public. The complexity of regulations, market fluctuations, and changes in healthcare policies necessitate the implementation of effective risk management strategies in interactions with stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the implementation of risk management in stakeholder management within Indonesia’s pharmaceutical industry, identify key risks that may impact business sustainability, and evaluate the mitigation approaches employed. A qualitative case study, incorporating in-depth interviews with key industry stakeholders, revealed that the primary risks include regulatory uncertainty, supply chain disruptions, and challenges in stakeholder communication and compliance. Effective mitigation strategies involve the adoption of adaptive compliance systems, strengthened communication and collaboration with regulators, and digitization of supply chains to enhance transparency and efficiency. This study underscores the importance of a risk-based approach in stakeholder management to ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of Indonesia’s pharmaceutical industry.
Plasma Fractionation: Conditions and Challenges Rambia, Ikhsan; Insyirah, Ariani; Claudiana, Nur Shelly Ester; Fath, Zulfa Tavira Al; Permadi, Najla Eksakta; Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo; Rustan, Mas Rahman
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.63343

Abstract

Plasma is a blood component that has a role in treating various diseases, such as haemophilia and blood-clotting disorders. Plasma used for treatment is referred to as plasma-derived drug products (PDMPs), which are obtained through the plasma fractionation process. This study aims to explore the conditions of plasma fractionation in various countries and highlight some of the challenges faced by the plasma fractionation industry. The methods used include searching for articles published over the past decade from trusted sources, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, using specific keywords. The results of literature studies related to plasma fractionation were obtained from 20 countries spanning several continents. The conditions and challenges faced in plasma fractionation in those countries differ. Some of the challenges faced are related to technology, regulation, plasma sources, human resources, and the economy. Currently, Indonesia is working with South Korea to build the first plasma fractionation facility. Therefore, the conditions and challenges faced by various countries can serve as a reference for Indonesia in preparing the factors that influence plasma fractionation development, in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.
Tableting Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val.) and Mangosteen Peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) Extract as Antioxidant Supplement Reyhani, Amalia; Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo; Chaerunisa, Anis Yohana; Umar, Abd. Kakhar; Sylvia Nurrasjid, Evi; Rahman Roestan, Mas
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 4, Issue 3, Sep - November, 2022
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v4i3.39667

Abstract

Free radicals are unstable molecules that lose electrons in their outer orbitals. These compounds can be toxins for the human body and cause various degenerative diseases. To avoid this, we need antioxidants. Examples of common sources of antioxidants are turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) and mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana L.). Both of these plants have very strong antioxidant activity but have a less favorable taste for consumption. This study aimed to obtain tablets containing turmeric rhizome and mangosteen rind extract that can cover the taste with a variety of binders. Subsequently, we observed the antioxidant  activity of two extracts before and after preparation. The tableting method was wet granulation and the characterization included the physical properties of the tablets. The levels of curcumin, alpha mangosteen, and total polyphenols were also checked. The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method. Based on the characterization results, NaCMC 5% was the best binder for preparing tablets containing turmeric rhizome and mangosteen rind extract with a flow rate of 11.434 g/s, repose’s angle of 29.39ᵒ, loss on drying of 2.65%, carr’s index of 15.22, hardness of 43N, friability of 0.926%, and disintegration time of 16.44 minutes. The antioxidant test result showed that the combination of turmeric extract and mangosteen rind extract with a ratio of 1:2 had the best antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 31.01 µg/ml, alpha mangosteen level of 29.77%, and curcumin level of 27.22%. The antioxidant activity of the preparation was not changed significantly after tableting. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the tablet formulation of turmeric rhizome and mangosteen rind extract using 5% NaCMC can be potentially used as an antioxidant supplement.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN LEAN MANUFACTURING DENGAN BERBAGAI METODE DI INDUSTRI FARMASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PROSES PRODUKSI Nurul Asih Ramadhani; Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 4 No. 6: Nopember 2024
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/jirk.v4i6.8968

Abstract

The development of the pharmaceutical industry in particular and the industrial world in general has forced the industry to apply production efficiency principles. The Lean Manufacturing approach is an operational strategy that is oriented towards achieving the shortest possible cycle time by eliminating waste, a production system capable of increasing value added. This review article aims to provide an overview of the application of Lean Manufacturing which can reduce waste so as to increase the effectiveness of the production process in the pharmaceutical industry. The preparation of this article review was carried out by searching the literature online. In the results of the review, there are several methods discussed regarding methods in the Lean Manufacturing approach, namely Six Sigma, Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Single Minute of Exchange Die (SMED), and Takt Time
Activities Analysis of Encapsulated Mitragyna speciosa Extracts in High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats Model: In vivo and In silico Studies : Nanoparticles of M. speciosa to High-fat Diet Rats Khoirul Rista Abidin; Mas Rizky AA Syamsunarno; Aziiz Mardanarian Rosdianto; Kelana Kusuma Dharma; Ronny Lesmana; Nasrul Wathoni; Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v1i1.3

Abstract

Background: UCP-1 deficiency can be addressed through the activation of thermogenesis using various herbs, including Mitragyna speciosa (M. speciosa ). Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of M. speciosa extracts, encapsulated in nanoparticles, in stimulating the activity of UCP-1 . Methods: The research utilized an in silico approach to test the docking of Mitragynine and epinephrine ligands against β1 and β3 adrenergic receptors. The nanoparticles were prepared using chitosan, alginate, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). An in vivo study was performed utilizing Wistar rats subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) and assigned to six groups: Normal, HFD, HFD + MG50, HFD + Npm5, HFD + Npm10, and HFD + Npm20. The induction period for all groups was set at four weeks. Results: The docking tests yielded binding scores of -189.55 for Mitragynine against the β1 adrenergic receptor and -179.76 for the β3 receptor. The interactions between Mitragynine and the adrenergic receptors involved amino residues similar to those found in the native ligand epinephrine, specifically Asn1006A, Ser1007A, and Asn1022A for β1, and Asn332R for β3. Nanoparticles at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg BW demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.05) in body temperature and UCP-1 levels. Notably, the 10 and 20 mg/kg BW dosages did not lead to weight gain in the rats (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Mitragynine shows potential as an agonist for β1 and β3 adrenergic receptors. Furthermore, the nanoparticles at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg BW were effective in stimulating UCP-1 activity and elevating body temperature in rats subjected to a high-fat diet.
Co-Authors ADI NURMESA Adira Rahmawaty Aep W Irwan Aep W Irwan, Aep W Aliya Nur Hasanah Amalia, Eri Amilia Shafa Angga Cipta Narsa Anis Khoerunisa Anis Khoerunisa, Anis Anis Yohana Chaerunisa Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa, Anis Yohana Anisa Nur Fitriani Aziiz Mardanarian Rosdianto Bambang Nurhadi Barmi Hartesi Bhakti A Magdalena Bhakti A Magdalena, Bhakti A Boesro Soebagio Cahya Khairani Kusumawulan Ch., Anis Yohana CHAERUNISA, ANIS YOHANA Charlie, Vandie Cheryl Alodya CITRA AYU AKMARINA Claudiana, Nur Shelly Ester Deby Tristiyanti Dede Jihan Oktaviani Desy Nawangsari Desy Nawangsari Diina, Tresnafuty Rasyiida Dwi Yuri Arista Eli Halimah, Eli Eri, Amalia Evi, Sylvia Fajra Dinda Crendhuty Fath, Zulfa Tavira Al Firdha S Maelaningsih Firdha S Maelaningsih, Firdha S Firman Muharam Fitri Nurjanah I Ketut Madite Adnyane Ida Musfiroh Ida Musfiroh -, Ida Musfiroh Iman Permana Maksum Indah Pitaloka Sari Insyirah, Ariani Ira Maya Iyan Sopyan Jajan Solahudin Jajan Solahudin, Jajan K Sari, Nia Kelana Kusuma Dharma Khairinisa, Miski Aghnia Khodijah Khodijah Khoirul Rista Abidin Kustiyawan, Iwa Lika Ginanti Febriana Linda Apriyanti LINDA APRIYANTI, LINDA Lisa Sophianingsih Luthfia Azzahra Maisyarah, Intan Timur Marline Abdassah Marline Abdassah Marline Abdassah Bratadiredja Marline Abdassah, Marline Marselina Endah Hiswati Mas Rizky AA Syamsunarno Masrahman, Roestan Mayang Kusuma Dewi MAYANG KUSUMA DEWI, MAYANG KUSUMA Megawati, Ega Mohammad Diqi Muhaimin Muhaimin Nada Salsabila Rustiwi Najla Eksakta Permadi Nasrul Wathoni Norisca Aliza Putriana Norisca Aliza Putriana, Norisca Aliza Noverianus, Noverianus Nurrasjid, Evi Sylvia Nurul Asih Ramadhani O Suprijana O Suprijana, O Ordiyasa, I Wayan P Legowo, Wahyu Parameswari, Natashya Permadi, Najla Eksakta Priskila O Dwiestri Priskila O Dwiestri, Priskila O Puspitadewi, Nurhanifah Rahman Roestan Rahman Roestan, Mas Rambia, Ikhsan Rembulan Kusmawati Rembulan Kusmawati, Rembulan Reyhani, Amalia Rismawan, Haris Rizqa Nurul Aulia Roestan, Mas Rahman Ronny Lesmana Rosa Riau Wati Rostinawati, Titin Rustan, Mas Rahman Santosa Santosa Sausan Rihhadatulaisy Setyabudi, Iwan SORAYA RATNAWULAN MITA, SORAYA RATNAWULAN Sri A Sumiwi Sri A Sumiwi, Sri A Suseno Amin Suseno Amin, Suseno Susi Afrianti Rahayu Syifa Amanda Syihab, Namira Anjani Rahmadina Sylvia Nurrasjid, Evi Taofik Rusdiana Toto Subroto Umar, Abd. Kakhar Widya Lestari Wiratma, Harits Dwi Wiwiek Indriyanti Wiwiek Indriyanti, Wiwiek Wiwiek Indriyati Wiwiek Indriyati, Wiwiek Wulaningsih, Titiek Indah Yasmiwar Susilawati Yedi Herdiana, Yedi Yoga Windhu Wardhana Yoga Windu Wardhana, Yoga Windu Yola Desnera Putri