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EFEK KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix D.C.) DAN DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum sanctum L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 DENGAN METODE PITA KERTAS Niswah, Sukma Uswatun; Ana Indrayati; Ghani Nurfiana Fadma Sari
Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi Vol. 27 No. 3 (2023): MFF
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/mff.v27i3.27092

Abstract

Penyakit infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dapat diobati dengan menggunakan antibiotik. Resistensi bakteri sering terjadi pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kekebalan bakteri terhadap antibiotik menyebabkan angka kematian semakin meningkat. Daun jeruk purut dan daun kemangi mengandung senyawa aktif flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun jeruk purut dan daun kemangi terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Daun jeruk purut dan daun kemangi diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% kemudian dilakukan identifikasi golongan senyawa. Ekstrak daun jeruk purut dan daun kemangi dilakukan uji antibakteri dengan metode dilusi. Hasil konsentrasi bunuh minimal dikombinasi dengan perbandingan konsentrasi (1:1), (1:2), dan (2:1). Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram dan penentuan efek kombinasi menggunakan metode pita kertas. Data dianalisa secara statistik dengan uji Shapiro-wilk, homogenitas Levene, dilanjutkan uji One-Way ANOVA dan uji Least Significant Difference. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun jeruk purut dan daun kemangi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Kombinasi ekstrak paling efektif ditunjukkan pada perbandingan konsentrasi 1:2 dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat 27,21±0,47 mm dan memberikan efek kombinasi sinergis terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.
Exploring the Anti-Photoaging Potential of Bacillus cereus Superoxide Dismutase in New Zealand Rabbit Skin Indrayati, Ana; Nurfitriyawatie; Rukmana, Rizal Maarif
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.2.357-366

Abstract

Bacillus cereus is a heat-resistant bacteria that produces the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). SOD is a metalloenzyme that can eliminate free radicals as the primary cause of photoaging. The point of this study is to find out how well B. cereus works as an anti-photoaging agent on the skin of rabbits’ backs. The SOD enzyme was isolated from B. cereus using the colorimetric method and characterized for its activity. It was encapsulated by the liposome method, while the activity was measured on the rabbit’s back skin exposed to ultraviolet-A (UV-A) radiation with the parameters of moisture, elasticity, and collagen levels using a skin analyzer. At the end of the treatment, a histological test for the animal skin was performed. The particle size analysis (PSA) results on the SOD in liposomes showed nanoparticles with an adsorption efficiency of 85.0% and a zeta potential of 28.0±11.7 mV. SOD encapsulated in the liposomes also indicated anti-photoaging activity potential by increasing collagen, elasticity, and moisture levels. In addition, histological tests revealed that the collagen density in the SOD liposome treatment was higher than the negatively of control and normally of control but lower than the liposome collagen.
Uji Aktivitas Enzim Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) dalam Ekstrak Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) dengan Metode Water Soluble Tetrazolium Salt-1 (WST-1): Activity Assay of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Enzyme in The Extract of Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) with Water Soluble Tetrazolium Salt-1 (WST-1) Method Tita Novarini; Ana Indrayati; Desi Purwaningsih
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 4 No. 5 (2022): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v4i5.1285

Abstract

Reactive oxygen spesies merupakan radikal bebas yang apabila jumlahnya berlebih akan menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Reactive oxygen spesies dapat dihilangkan dengan pemberian antioksidan enzim, seperti enzim superoksida dismutase. Tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas superoksida dismutase salah satunya adalah temu hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar protein total dan persen inhibisi ekstrak kasar enzim superoksida dismutase temu hitam dan konsentrasi amonium sulfat 25, 50, 75, 100% serta nilai persen inhibisi yang optimum dari konsentrasi amonium sulfat. Penelitian ini diawali dengan determinasi tanaman dan pengambilan sampel temu hitam. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara penambahan dapar fosfat salin dan disentrifugasi. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan metode presipitasi amonium sulfat. Penetapan kadar protein total dengan menggunakan metode Lowry. Pengukuran aktivitas enzim dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode water soluble tetrazolium salt-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar protein total ekstrak kasar dan presipitasi amonium sulfat 25, 50, 75, 100% secara berturut-turut nilainya sebesar 0,909; 0,639; 0,710; 0,752; 0,944 mg/ml. Kemudian nilai persen inhibisinya secara berturut-turut adalah 76,720; 23,810; 65,079; 70,370; dan 83,069% dengan konsentrasi yang optimum adalah 100%.
Potensi Ekstrak Kasar Enzim dari Tempe Kedelai Hitam (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) sebagai Obat Fibrinolitik Alami dengan Metode Clot Lysis In Vitro: Potential of Crude Enzymes from Black Soybean Tempeh (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) as a Natural Fibrinolytic Medicine with Clot Lysis In Vitro Method Nadea Sherly Widya Putri Nadea; Ana Indrayati; Fransiska Leviana
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v5i2.1712

Abstract

Fibrinolytic enzymes are enzymes that can be used to break down fibrin. In thrombus therapy (cardiovascular disease), this enzyme has an activity similar to plasmin, which is able to reduce fibrin by hydrolyzing fibrin into dissolved products and inhibiting the formation of fibrin clots that can trigger cardiovascular disease. Black soybean tempeh has various benefits, one of which is to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and reduce the risk of blood clots. Due to the content of the enzyme protease in black soybeans which is able to degrade fibrin threads. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of black soybean tempeh (Glycine soja (L.) Merr) can produce enzyme extracts as natural fibrinolytic drugs. This study was conducted by taking ingredients, crude extraction of enzymes from black soybean tempeh by centrifugation, purification of crude extracts of enzymes using ammonium sulfate salts of 80%, determination of enzyme protein levels with the Lowry method and testing of fibrinolytic potential with the clot lysis method in vitro. The variation in the concentration of the extract used in the test was 12.5; 25; 50 and 100%. The results showed that crude extracts of black soybean tempeh enzymes were able to lyse blood clots. The protein content of the black soybean tempeh extract sample after purification using ammonium sulfate was 245.76 μg/mL. The optimum percentage of blood clot lysis at a concentration of 100% of the sample after purification was 59%. Keywords: Black soybean, fibrinolytics, fibrin, ammonium sulfate, clot lysis Abstrak Enzim fibrinolitik adalah enzim yang dapat digunakan untuk memecah fibrin. Pada terapi trombus (penyakit kardiovaskular), enzim ini memiliki aktivitas yang mirip dengan plasmin yaitu mampu menurunkan fibrin dengan menghidrolisis fibrin menjadi produk terlarut dan menghambat pembentukan bekuan fibrin yang dapat memicu adanya penyakit kardiovaskular. Tempe kedelai hitam memiliki berbagai manfaat salah satunya adalah menurunkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan mengurangi risiko penggumpalan darah. Karena kandungan enzim protease pada kedelai hitam yang mampu mendegradasi benang fibrin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi tempe kedelai hitam (Glycine soja (L.) Merr) dapat menghasilkan ekstrak enzim sebagai obat fibrinolitik alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengambilan bahan, ekstraksi kasar enzim dari tempe kedelai hitam dengan sentrifugasi, pemurnian ekstrak kasar enzim menggunakan garam ammonium sulfat 80%, penetapan kadar protein enzim dengan metode Lowry serta pengujian potensi fibrinolitik dengan metode clot lysis secara in vitro. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan dalam pengujian adalah 12,5 ; 25 ; 50 dan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kasar enzim tempe kedelai hitam mampu melisiskan bekuan darah. Kadar protein sampel ekstrak tempe kedelai hitam setelah dilakukan pemurnian menggunakan ammonium sulfat sebesar 245,76 μg/mL. Persentase lisis bekuan darah yang optimum pada konsentrasi 100% dari sampel yang setelah dilakukan pemurnian yaitu sebesar 59%. Kata Kunci: Kedelai hitam, fibrinolitik, fibrin, ammonium sulfat, clot lysis
UJI AKTIVITAS FIBRINOLITIK EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT BAKTERI YANG BERASAL DARI LIMBAH CAIR RUMAH POTONG AYAM (RPA) DI KARANGANYAR Ardina, Duanty Indi; Indrayati, Ana; Pramukantoro, Ganet Eko
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): AGUSTUS 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v8i2.24634

Abstract

Atherothrombosis adalah penyakit yang terjadi akibat tersumbatnya bekuan darah (trombus) pada pembuluh darah (arteri). Salah satu pengobatan untuk aterotrombosis dapat berupa fibrinolitik. Agen fibrinolitik dapat berasal dari hewan, tumbuhan atau mikroba. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui ekstrak metabolit sekunder bakteri limbah cair RPA yang mempunyai aktivitas fibrinolitik. Tiga isolat bakteri berhasil diisolasi dari limbah cair RPA. Hasil identifikasi bakteri menunjukkan bahwa bakteri limbah cair RPA merupakan bakteri gram positif pada koloni A dan B, bakteri gram negatif pada koloni C. Hasil uji SIM, sitrat, katalase, dan koagulase menunjukkan 2 dari 3 koloni menunjukkan hasil positif. . Ekstrak tersebut disaring fitokimianya dan hasilnya menunjukkan 3 koloni positif mengandung flavonoid. Konsentrasi yang paling efektif dalam melisiskan bekuan darah adalah konsentrasi 80% dengan persentase 55,04% pada koloni A.
Network Pharmacology Approach to Acalypha indica L. and Plumbago zeylanica L. As Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Candidates Dini Afriliza; Rina Herowati; Ana Indrayati
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v11i22024.204-218

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can reduce quality of life. Currently, the goal of therapy is to achieve remission and prevent joint damage and disability. Acalypha indica L. and Plumbago zeylanica L. are known to be involved in rheumatoid pathogenesis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the compounds in Acalypha indica L. and Plumbago zeylanica L. that correlate with target proteins and anti-rheumatoid arthritis mechanisms. Methods: Plant compound data were collected from the KNApSAcK and IMPPAT databases, target protein data were collected using the KEGG pathway, validated using UniProt, and protein-protein interactions were analyzed using STRING. Target protein prediction using SwissTarget Prediction and SEA. Visualization of network pharmacology profiles using Cytoscape software based on the correlation between plant compounds and target proteins. Results: Acalypha indica L., which correlates with target proteins, contained quinine, gallotannin, 1,4 benzoquinone, chrysin, and kaempferol. For Plumbago zeylanica L., the compounds were vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, plumbagin, isoaffinetin, isoorientin, isovitexin, methylnaphthazarin, l-tryptophan, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, ficusin, suberosin, and quercetin 3-ol-rhamnoside. Conclusion: Network pharmacology visualization results showed that both Acalypha indica L. and Plumbago zeylanica L. correlated with disease target proteins in their respective rheumatoid arthritis signaling pathways.
Uji Aktivitas Enzim Fibrinolitik Dari Makanan Fermentasi Kacang Koro (Mucuna Pruriens) Metode Clot Lysis In Vitro Pamungkas, Bayu Aji; Indrayati, Ana; Pramukantoro, Ganet Eko
Jurnal Farmasi & Sains Indonesia Vol 7 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Nusaputera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52216/jfsi.vol7no2p153-159

Abstract

Fibrinolytic enzymes are a group of serine proteases that can destroy blood clots (fibrin) in various thrombosis diseases. This study aims to determine the activity of fibrinolytic enzymes contained in jack bean tempeh using the in vitro clot lysis method. First, crude extraction of the jack bean tempeh enzyme was carried out by centrifugation to produce pellets and supernatants. Then purification using 70% ammonium sulfate salt, determination of enzyme protein levels using the Lowry method and fibrinolytic potential testing using the in vitro clot lysis method. The variations in extract concentrations used in the test were 12.5; 25; 50 and 100% with positive control Natokinase and negative control aquadest. This study showed the results of pellets after purification as much as 26.78 gr. Then it also showed an increase in protein level activity between before purification 22,515 µg / mL and after purification 27,215 µg / mL. In vitro clot lysis testing was carried out with several variations showing the most optimal variation in destroying blood clots was at 100% variation after purification with a lysis percentage of 61%. The most optimal results were also in the Two Way Anova test with a value of 63,592 samples after 100% concentration purification.
Antioxidant and trombolitic activity of etanol extract and fractions of carica culver (Carica pubescens) in vitro Pratiwi, Yunia; Mardiyono, Mardiyono; Indrayati, Ana
Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Surya Hijau Manfaat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52465/johmpe.v3i1.533

Abstract

The prevalence of degenerative diseases arising from cell damage and free radicals continues to increase. The reactivity of oxidant compounds that exceed the limit can form a chain reaction capable of damaging parts of blood vessel cells that cause thrombolysis. Carica skin waste (Carica pubescens) has not been widely utilized, carica skin has the potential to have the ability as an antioxidant and thrombolytic. This study aims to determine the potential antioxidant and thrombolytic activity of carica peel. Carica peel samples were extracted by remaceration method using 70% ethanol and then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out using the DPPH (2.2 Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and thrombolytic activity with the clot lysis method. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity compared to ethanol extract and other fractions with an IC50 value of 37.04 ppm with an AAI value of 0.54. The thrombolytic activity test of ethyl acetate fraction is also the highest thrombolytic agent with clot lysis value reaching 46.06% close to the clot lysis value of nattokinase positive control of 52.39%.
Uji Aktivitas Enzim Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) dengan Metode Water Soluble Tetrazolium Salt-1 Mandasari, Mitha Oktavia; Indrayati, Ana; Purwaningsih, Desi
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol. 21 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol21.iss1.art4

Abstract

Background: Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit cell damage caused by free radicals. Antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, and catalase. SOD protects cells against free radicals implicated in various diseases. The guava plant (Psidium guajava L.) is known to possess SOD activity.Objective: This research was performed to determine the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme in guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) with ammonium sulfate concentrations of 25, 50, and 75%.Methods: Guava leaves were extracted using phosphate buffer and centrifugation. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme was then purified using ammonium sulfate at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75%. The amount of protein was measured with the Lowry method, and the activity of the SOD enzyme was tested using the WST-1 assay to find out how much it was inhibited. The resulting data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA.Results: Guava leaf extract exhibits SOD enzyme activity. The total protein content of the crude guava leaf extract and the extracts purified with 25, 50, and 75% ammonium sulfate were 9.683, 6.958, 8.842, and 11.269 mg/mL, respectively. The corresponding percent inhibition values were 69.652, 35.323, 61.69, and 79.104%. The 75% ammonium sulfate concentration yielded the highest percent inhibition.Conclusion: Guava leaf extract exhibits SOD enzyme activity, with the highest percent inhibition observed at an ammonium sulfate concentration of 75%.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANTIBIOFILM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MATOA (Pometia pinnata J. R & G. Forst) TERHADAP BAKTERI Pseudomonas aeruginosa Putri, Seprina; Indrayati, Ana; Wulandari, Destik
EduNaturalia: Jurnal Biologi dan Kependidikan Biologi Vol 6, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : FKIP Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/edunaturalia.v6i1.92502

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogen known for its ability to form biofilms, making it difficult to eliminate. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ethanol extract from matoa leaves (Pometia pinnata) as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against P. aeruginosa. The antibiofilm activity was assessed using the Crystal Violet (CV) method with absorbance measured at a wavelength of 595 nm. The percentage of biofilm inhibition was used to determine the ICâ‚…â‚€ value. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the ethanol extract of matoa leaves contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids, which contribute to its antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to be 25 mg/mL. Inhibition zone tests showed that the ethanol extract at concentrations of 75, 50, and 25 mg/mL produced inhibition zones of 13.33 mm, 12.16 mm, and 10.8 mm, respectively, while the positive control, ciprofloxacin 5 µg, produced an inhibition zone of 35.67 mm. The percentages of biofilm inhibition were 21.51% (50 mg/mL) and 12.34% (25 mg/mL), with an average ICâ‚…â‚€ value of 27.43 mg/mL. These findings suggest that the ethanol extract of matoa leaves has potential as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against P. aeruginosa. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Matoa leaves