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PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BIJI KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L) MELALUI FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN Lactobacillus sp. dan Pichia kudriavzevii Anja Meryandini; Asrianti Basri; Titi Candra Sunarti
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (848.014 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jbbi.v6i1.3048

Abstract

The Improvement of Cacao Beans Quality through Fermentation by Using Lactobacillus sp. and Pichia kudriavzeviiABSTRACTIndonesia is one of the main cacao producers in the world. Indonesian cacao product is, however, relatively of low quality. Quality improvement of cacao beans is thus needed to increase added value of the product through such method as fermentation using bacteria and yeast. This study was conducted using four fermentation treatments, namely F1 (spontaneous fermentation without the addition of inoculum), F2 (addition of lactic acid bacteria inoculum), F3 (addition of yeast inoculum), F4 (addition of mixed lactic acid bacteria and yeast inoculum). The fermentation was carried out for 5 days. The parameters measured were the microbial cell number, pH, ethanol, total reducing sugar, and total acid concentration, as well as cacao seed quality. Results showed that, compared to the other treatments, the F4 treatment gave the best result, namely 83% of the cacao seeds being fermented, 2% non-fermented, 14% unfermented, 1% moldy, and 2% germinated. The liquid produced during the fermentation contained the highest reducing sugar of 123.38 mg·mL-1, the highest total acid of 24.42 mg·mL-1, and 3.57% ethanol.Keywords: cacao beans, fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, starter, yeast ABSTRAKIndonesia adalah salah satu penghasil kakao utama di dunia. Namun berdasarkan mutu, produk kakao Indonesia masih relatif tergolong rendah. Peningkatan kualitas biji kakao diperlukan untuk memberikan nilai tambah pada produk melalui metode seperti fermentasi menggunakan bakteri dan khamir. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan empat perlakuan fermentasi yaitu F1 (fermentasi secara spontan tanpa penambahan inokulum), F2 (dengan penambahan inokulum bakteri asam laktat (BAL)), F3 (dengan penambahan inokulum khamir), F4 (dengan penambahan inokulum campuran bakteri asam laktat dan khamir). Fermentasi dilakukan selama 5 hari, dan parameter yang diukur selama fermentasi adalah jumlah mikroba, pH, kadar etanol, gula pereduksi, total asam serta kualitas biji. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa, dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya, perlakuan F4 memberikan hasil terbaik yaitu 83% biji terfermentasi, 2% tidak terfermentasi, 14% terfermentasi sebagian, 1% berjamur, dan 2% berkecambah. Cairan fermentasi tersebut mengandung gula reduksi yang paling tinggi 123,38 mg·mL-1, total asam tertinggi 24,42 mg·mL-1, dan kadar etanol mencapai 3,57%.Kata Kunci: bakteri asam laktat (BAL), biji kakao, fermentasi, khamir, starter
PRODUKSI ENZIM SELULASE OLEH AKTINOMISET MENGGUNAKAN FROND SAGU Sumarni Nompo; Anja Meryandini; Titi Candra Sunarti
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 16, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v16n2.2019.80-89

Abstract

Fround Sagu adalah pucuk batang sagu yang masih dibungkus oleh pelepah dan tidak diamnfaatkan oleh industri pengolahan sagu. Fround sagu memiliki kandungan serat dengan kandungan selulosa yang tinggi serta berpotensi dijadikan bahan baku untuk produksi selulase. Enzim selulase diproduksi melalui kultivasi substrat cair frond sagu oleh Aktinomiset. Subtart berupa tepung sagu dan ampas frond sagu, diinokulasi oleh isolat HJ4 (3b) dan HJ5 (4b). Kedua isolat diremajakan dalam medium ISP-4 selama 5 hari, kemudian diinokulasikan ke dalam media tepung frond sagu dan ampas frond dan diinkubasi dalam shaker pada suhu runag selama 9 hari. Kedua isolat Aktinomiset mampu menghasilkan enzim selulase pada kedua substrat dan metode kultivasi. Isolat HJ4 (3b) dan HJ4 (5b) pada perlakuan kultivasi substrat padat ampas frond sagu menghasilkan aktivitas spesifik yaitu endoglukase (CMCase) tertinggi yaitu 0.314 U mg-1 dan 0.294 U mg-1 dan aktivitas spesifik enzim eksoglukanase (FPase) yaitu 0.269 U mg-1 dan 0.258 U mg-1, sedangkan pada perlakuan kultivasi substat padat menggunakan tepung frond sagu dihasilkan aktivitas spesifik endoglukanase masing-masing sebesar 0.258 U mg-1 dan 0.254 U mg-1 serta aktivitas spesifik eksoglukanase 0.205 U mg-1 dan 0.198 U mg-1. Production of Cellulase Enzyme by Actinomycet Using Sago FrondSago frond is the upper part of sago trunk which is still wrapped by leaflet, and is not used by the sago processing industry. Sago frond contains fiber with high cellulose content that could potentially be used by as raw material for cellulase production. Cellulase enzymes were produced through both solid-state and submerged cultivation of sago frond by Actinomicycetes. Two substrates, sago frond flour and pulp of sago fronds, were inoculated by isolate HJ4 (3b) and HJ4 (5b). Both isolates were rejuvenated in Sp-4 medium for 5 days, then were inoculated into substrate of frond flour and hampas, and were incubated in a shaker at room temperature for 9 days. Both Actinomycetes isolates were able to produce cellulase enzymes by using both substrates and cultivation methods. The isolates of HJ4 (3b) and HJ4 (5b) by using pulp and solid-state cultivation produced the highest endoglucanase (CMCase) specific activity of 0.294 U mg-1 and 0.276 U mg-1 and exoglucanase (FPase) substrate specific activity os 0.252 U mg-1 and 0.241 U mg-1, while in the solid-state cultivation and by using sago fronds flour resulted in specific endoglucanase activities which were 0.242 U mg-1 and 0.238 U mg-1 and exoglucanase specific activities 0.192 U mg-1 and 0.185 U mg-1, respectively.
Sequences Analysis of a Gene Encoding Extracellular Xylanase in Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3 S. Sipriyadi; Aris Tri Wahyudi; Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono; Anja Meryandini
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (314.446 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.15274

Abstract

Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3 is a bacterial strain belongs to actinomycetes group isolated from peat soil. Thebacterium is known to produce extracellular xylanase. The aims of this study were to analyze DNA sequence andsub-clone gene involved in the synthesis of extracellular xylanase. Complete DNA sequence predicted to encodexylanase genes was isolated from bacterial genome using Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction (I-PCR). Total DNAsequence of 1664 bp in size obtained from I-PCR consisted of two open reading frames (ORF) in opposite direction.ORF1 was 1029 bp and ORF2 (partial sequence) was 309 bp. Analysis sequence using BlastX indicated that ORF1was homologous with xylanase bacterium enrichment culture clone Xyl8B8 (GenBank accession No. AFH35005.1),i.e. 95% in identity and 99% in similarity. In addition, ORF2 was homologous with glyoxalase bacterium enrichmentculture clone Xyl8B8 (GenBank accession No. AFH35007.1), i.e. 95% in identity and 98% in similarity. Analysis ofamino acid sequence revealed that ORF1 consisted of 2 domains, i.e. glyco-hydrolase 11 (GH11) and CarbohydrateBinding Type 2 (CBM2). Active site was found at 130th amino acid on GH11 domain. Visualization of 3-dimensionstructure showed that 1029 bp fragment is of 19 areas.
Isolation of actinomycetes from maize rhizosphere from Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province, and evaluation of their antibacterial, antifungal, and extracellular enzyme activity Umi Fatmawati; Yulin Lestari; Anja Meryandini; Abdjad Asih Nawangsih; Aris Tri Wahyudi
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 23, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2623.079 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.33064

Abstract

Actinomycetes are the one of the components of the rhizospheric microbial population and useful for producing secondary metabolites such as lytic enzymes, antibiotics, and antifungal. The aim of the study was to isolate the actinomycetes from maize rhizosphere collected from Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. The screening was focused on the actinomycetes that showed the ability to produce antibacterial, antifungal, and extracellular enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, and protease. The actinomycetes were isolated using Humic-Acid Vitamin B (HV) agar media. The antagonistic assay was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum. Isolate JKP-8 was an isolate that showed the highest activity in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. Isolate JKP-5 showed the highest activity in inhibiting the growth of F.oxysporum. There were no actinomycetes isolates that showed an ability to inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii fungus based on dual culture assay. JKP-3 and JKP-4 isolates exhibited the highest ability to hydrolyze amylum, while JKP-5 and JKP-8 isolates exhibited the highest ability to hydrolyze CMC. The results of the amplification of 16S rRNA gene in selected potential isolates JKP 5 and JKP 8 indicated that both isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces.
Ethanol Productivity of Ethanol-Tolerant Mutant Strain Pichia kudriavzevii R-T3 in Monoculture and Co-culture Fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nurfadhilla Rahmadhani; Rika Indri Astuti; Anja Meryandini
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 4 (2022): July 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.4.435-444

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We previously developed ethanol-tolerant P. kudriavzevii R-T3 (P.ku R-T3) mutant from its parental strain P.ku R-WT by evolutionary adaptation method. Hence, we further analyze the ethanol productivity of the particular isolates in a monoculture and co-culture with industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 at various inoculum ratio. Based on the spot assay, R3 mutant yeast showed better cell viability under 10% ethanol stress than the wild type, potentially due to the high expression level of PKINO1 gene involved in the synthesis of inositol. In the monoculture fermentation, S. cerevisiae could use glucose, while P.ku could use mixed glucose and xylose as carbon sources for ethanol fermentation. P.ku R-T3 performed the most potential ethanol kinetics parameters, including the highest ethanol production (10.10 g/L), ethanol productivity (0.21 g/L/h), and fermentation efficiency (84.36%). Upscaling the inoculum of P.ku R-T3 by ten times resulted in 10% higher ethanol production. However, the highest substrate utilization rate did not indicate an increase in ethanol production. Indeed, P.ku R-T3 showed a low mixed substrate use but produced higher ethanol production than S. cerevisiae, as much as 21-31%, depending on the initial inoculum. Interestingly, the co-culture of P.ku R-T3 and BY4741 did not substantially produce higher ethanol production than the monoculture technique. About 30% reduction of ethanol production was found by co-culturing BY4741 with P.ku R-T3 than P.ku R-T3 alone. Taken together, the monoculture fermentation of P.ku R-T3 remains the promising fermentation technique than that of the co-culture with industrial yeast S. cerevisiae.
Produksi dan Pemurnian Xilooligosakarida dari Xilan Tongkol Jagung menggunakan Xilanase Streptomyces P26B4 dan Khamir IP4 Andika Susantri; Titi Candra Sunarti; Anja Meryandini
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.26.2.309

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Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are sugar oligomers from xylan that can be used as prebiotics to improve digestive tract health. Xylan can be extracted from corncobs which are a by-product of agriculture. The purpose of this study was to produce XOS through hydrolysis of corn cobs xylan using Streptomyces P26B4 xylanase. The products of hydrolysis also consisted of monomer xylose; for that xilooligosaccharides were purified using yeast IP4. The xylan hydrolysis products are quantitatively analyzed based on the value of reducing sugars and degree of polymerization (DP), strengthened qualitatively with TLC. Sugar component was analyzed after the addition of yeast by HPLC. P26B4 xylanase isolates had the highest activity on the 7th day incubation, pH 5,5 buffer citrate and temperature of 50°C. The lowest DP value of xylan hydrolysis was 2.49 at a concentration of 6%, and the 24th hour of incubation. TLC chromatograms showed that xylose and XOS products were produced. Purification of XOS at 6%, showed a decreasing in the area of xylose before and after receiving yeast respectively 1.87% and 1.41%.Therefore, yeast IP4 has the potential to consume xylose amnd purify the XOS. Keywords: corncobs xylan, IP4 yeast, purification, Streptomyces P26B4 xylanase, xylooligosaccharides
Isolasi Bakteri Mananolitik dan Karakterisasi Mananasenya Anja Meryandini; Rizky Anggreandari; Nisa Rachmania
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 13, No 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v13i2.2675

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Isolate RA05 has the highest mannanolytic index and mannanase activity which isolated from copra soil waste from Pasaman, West Sumatra. The best growth condition that produces best mannanase activity of isolate RA05 was achieved from 500 ml flask containing 100 ml medium with 100 rpm agitation. Isolate RA05 showed its mannanase activity in medium containing Locust Bean Gum and coconut meal but not in medium containing kolang kaling. This mannanase had the highest activity on medium containing 2% of coconut meal with optimum condition temperatur 800C and pH 2.5. Adding of 5 mM MnCl2 on the crude enzym increased the activity near 300%. Other kation (Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ dan Co2+) did not display great effect on the activity.
Karakterisasi Protease Ekstraseluler Clostridium spp. T11-3 Loli Natalia; Lily Nathalia; Anja Meryandini
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 11, No 1 (2006): February 2006
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v11i1.2822

Abstract

Protease is one of the leather commercial enzymes which is widely used such in food processing, medicine and leather industry. Clostridium sp T11-3 was isolated from Tiu Jeruk River in Nusa Tenggara Barat. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA indicated that Clostridium spp T11-3 was closely related to C. bifermentans. This isolate produced maximum protease activity after 18 hours of cultivation in liquid media. Protease of Clostridium spp 11-3 displayed maximum activity at pH 5 and 60oC with casein as substrate. In the presence of 1 mM divalent ion Mg2+ the enzym activity increased to 141 %, while others ion divalent (Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Co2+) inhibited protease activity.
Seleksi Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Starter Kering Menggunakan Matriks Tapioka Asam Ira Erdiandini; Titi Candra Sunarti; Anja Meryandini
Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsdh.1.1.26-33

Abstract

The development of industrial fermentation food could not separate with the availability of culture starter that suffice to support its production. Dried starter can be an option to use in fermentation industry because it can be stored for longer time without rejuvenation. However, in the process of production of dried starter needs the matrix to maintain cell viability, economically and availability of raw material. This research was conducted to use selected dried starter of indigenous lactic acid bacteria by using sour cassava starch matrix. Eleven local isolates lactic acid bacteria isolates from spontaneous fermentation of carbohydrates commodity were selected based on their acid production capabilities and antibiotics susceptibilities. Isolate of E 1222 showed the best result and was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus. The isolate was encapsulated with sour cassava starch matrix for making dried starter by using freeze dryer and spray dryer. Freeze dried starter culture could maintained the cell viability higher than spray dried starter culture i.e 10.34 log CFU/g and 8.91 log CFU/g, respectively. Finally, freeze dried starter culture could maintain the percentage of cell viability until 89.38% during four-weeks storage at 4 oC.
Karakterisasi Xilanase dari Bakteri Xilanolitik XJ20 asal Tanah Hutan Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas Jambi Indonesia INAYAH NOER MAZIDAH; LAKSMI AMBARSARI; ANJA MERYANDINI
Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati Vol. 2 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsdh.2.1.25-30

Abstract

Xylanase is an extracellular enzymes that can be produced by microbes which capable to degrade xylan into xilo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and xylose. Application of xylanase is still not optimal due to the lack of availability of superior microbial cultures producing xylanase. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of xylanase produced by bacteria isolated from Forest land Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, Indonesia. Xylanase produced by bacterial isolate XJ20 was selected for further enzymatic activity and characteritics assays. Xylanolytic activity was measured by using the 3.5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay. High activity of xylanase was recorded at three times of incubation, which were 6 (0.015 U/mL), 14 (0.012 U/mL) and 20 (0.007 U/mL). The first peak and the second peak reached the highest activity at a temperature of 70 °C, however, the first peak reached the highest activity at pH 4.0 and a second peak at pH 7.0. pH 4.0 xylanase were incubated at room temperature and 70 °C has a half time consecutive 9 hours and 6 hours, whereas at pH 7.0, has a half time consecutive 4 hours and 3 hours. Stability of enzyme better at pH 4.0 and at room temperature. 
Co-Authors . Hamim . KURRATAA’YUN . YOPI . YOPI ., Yopi ., Yopi A, Gading Wilda A, Gading Wilda Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri Abdjad Asih Nawangsih Adawiah, Adilah Ade Andriani ADE ANDRIANI Ade Irma Ahmad Thontowi Aisyah, Nadira Alfred Michael ALINA AKHDIYA Amor Tresna Karyawati, Amor Tresna Andika Susantri Anggreandari, Rizky Antonius Suwanto Apon Zaenal Mustopa Ardana Kurniaji Ariandi Arina Amalia Putri Aris Tri Wahyudi Ariyanto, Yogy Satria Armita, Dea Asrianti Basri Atit Kanti Azizah Hikma Safitri Azizah, Malikah Bambang Prasetya Basri, Asrianti Basri, Asrianti Bedah Rupaedah Berutu, Cocok Ana Maryani Berutu, Cocok Ana Maryani Besty Maranatha Birahy, Deford Cristy Candra Sunarti , Titi Cocok Ana Maryani Berutu Cynthia Rizka Riani DAROJATUL ULYA Deden Saprudin DERI YURATMOKO DEWI APRI ASTUTI Dewi, Fitria DIMAS ANDRIANTO DINI NURDIANI Dwi Ambarawati Dyah Iswantini EKA RURIANI Elly Rosyidah Engelhaupt, Martin Esti Utarti Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi Fathiah, Muhammad Fadhil Fathin Hamida Ferry Mutia Fitria Dewi Glisina Dwinoor Rembulan Hairani, Atikah Hamim Hamim Hamtini - Hamtini Hanni Tsaaqifah Hari Eko Irianto Hartono, Faisal Diniamal Hasrul Satria Hasrul Satria Nur Hasrul Satria, Hasrul I Komang Gede Wiryawan Ifah Munifah Iman Rusmana Inayah, Mazidah Noer IRA ERDIANDINI, IRA It Jamilah LAKSMI AMBARSARI Lenni Fitri Lenni Fitri Lilis Nuraida Lily Nathalia Loli Natalia Lukman, Zulfiqar Maggy T Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaya Suhartono Mahsunah, Anis Herliyati Manguntungi, Baso Maranatha, Besty Mareistia Fassah, Dilla Maria Sugiharti Marini Wijayanti Muhammad Nur Kholis, Muhammad Nur Muhammad Subhan Hamka MUNTI YUHANA MUTIA, FERY NANIK RAHMANI Nanik Rahmani Nanik Rahmani NAOMI, APRILIA Natalia, Loli Nathalia, Lily Niken Financia Gusmawati NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK NUNUK WIDHYASTUTI Nunuk Widhyastuti Nur Richana Nur, Hasrul Satria Nurfadhilla Rahmadhani Nurhasna, Aprilia Prihandono, Prima Agung Puspitasari, Dian Japany Rahayu Wulan RAMADHAN, ZULFA AULIA Rika Indri Astuti Rizky Anggreandari Rosyidah, Elly SAFITRI NURLAELA SHANTI RATNAKOMALA Sidiq, Muhammad Raffel Sipriyadi Sitti Rahbiah Akram SOFIYANTO, M. EDY Sri Estuningsih Sri Koerniati Sri Listiyowati SUHARSONO Sumarni Nompo Sunarti, Titi Suyono, Meisy Nawang Titi Candra Sunarti TRIO HENDARWIN Turnip, Enita Romasni Umi Fatmawati Vestika Iskawati Wahidul Hijah Wahyu Afrilasari Wahyu Widosari WIDANARNI WIDANARNI Widosari, Wahyu WULAN, RAHAYU Yantyati Widyastuti Yaya Rukayadi Yopi - Yopi Yopi YOPI YOPI Yopi, YULIANA, META YULIN LESTARI Zahrani, Siti Mutia