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All Journal J-Sil (Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan) Indonesian Journal of Geography Inersia : Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL Jurnal Teknik Sipil Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Teras Jurnal Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Civil Engineering Dimension Civil Engineering Journal Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik Sipil Jurnal Teknik EPI International Journal of Engineering Action Research Literate (ARL) International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) Jurnal Pustaka Mitra : Pusat Akses Kajian Mengabdi Terhadap Masyarakat Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Journal Of Sustainability Perspectives Journal of Sustainability Perspectives Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Policy Brief Pertanian, Kelautan, dan Biosains Tropika Journal of Civil Engineering and Vocational Education Jurnal Greenation Ilmu Teknik (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management) J-Sil (Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan)
Putra, Heriansyah
Department Of Civil And Environmental Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga, Bogor, 16680, INDONESIA
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Journal : Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum

 1 
Effect of Relative Density Variation on The Effectiveness of Fly Ash in Stabilization of Sandy Soils for Liquefaction Mitigation Wangsawitana , Yunan Yakuta; Fauzan , Muhammad; Putra, Heriansyah; Erizal; Simatupang, Minson
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 12 No. 3 (September 2026)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.26551

Abstract

Indonesia is highly vulnerable to earthquakes that can trigger soil liquefaction, particularly in coastal regions where saturated sandy soils with low relative densities are prevalent. This study investigated the influence of varying Class C fly ash contents (5%, 10%, and 15%), relative densities (50%, 70%, and 90%), and curing periods (7 and 14 days) on the unconfined compressive strength of fully saturated sandy soils as a liquefaction mitigation approach. The methodology included physical soil characterization, sample preparation with specific fly ash and relative density variations, and unconfined compressive strength testing after the curing period. The results demonstrated that increasing the fly ash content, relative density, and curing time significantly enhanced the strength of the samples. The highest strength occurred at 15% fly ash and 90% relative density, with 426.22 kPa (7 days) and 438.57 kPa (14 days). The most notable improvement occurred with an increase in fly ash content from 5% to 10% and relative density from 50% to 70%. Fly ash was more effective at enhancing the strength of sandy soil by promoting interparticle cementation, whereas excessive compaction tended to disrupt the soil structure and generate fine particles that reduced cohesion, as evidenced by the UCS test results and SEM observations. The most significant strength gain between 7 and 14 days was observed at 50% relative density and 5% fly ash, with a twofold increase. The combination of 10% fly ash and 70% relative density was optimal for field implementation, as it yielded strength values exceeding the liquefaction resistance thresholds, while maintaining practical compaction levels and material efficiency. A comparative cost assessment considering materials, labor, equipment, and construction time is recommended to evaluate the practical feasibility of fly ash stabilization relative to alternative ground improvement methods for Indonesian projects.
Co-Authors Achmad Hafidz Agus Purwito Akbar Renaldi Loebis Albar, Dimas Kharizmi Alfian Helmi Alifah Fidela Amigunani, Zahra Wajdini Amperanoto, Agus Ananda, Fauzan Raflinur Andes Ismayana Andra Ardiana Angga Prayoga Angie Irmajulianna Anisa Dwi Utami Annisa Daniswara Apriadi Apriadi Apriadi, Apriadi Apriadi, Apriadi Ardhana, Wigo Ari Setiawan Arief Nugroho, Danang Arief Sabdo Yuwono Arif Satria Aswin Lim Aulia , Syifa Aulia Andi Mustika Avrill Khayyira Bella Yuliani Budi Purwanto Budijanto Widjaja Daniswara, Annisa Debendra Neupane Devya Meisnnehr Devyan Meisnnehr Dian Hestiyantari Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat Dwi Utami , Anisa Eka Putra, Reza Erizal Erizal , Erizal . Erizal Erizal Fauzan , Muhammad Fauzan Subeantoro Fazrina Andriani Sakinah Lubis Febrianto, Ari Febrita, Joana Fifi Gus Dwiyanti Fikha Raihani Fitri W Bilqist Fitriyah, Fadla Salma Giri Rasyidpradana Ganda Hafidz, Achmad Hamdun, Mohammad Handian Purwawangsa Hendra Prasetia Henky Muljana Herlan Darmawan Hidayat, Febrian R Hideaki Yasuhara Hideaki Yasuhara Hideaki Yasuhara Hideaki Yasuhara Hudaya, Aang Husin Alatas I Wayan Wirya Aristyana IBNUL QAYIM Imam Suyanto IPB, BPKB Irgie Yudhistira irwan meilano Irzaman, Irzaman ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR Ismail, Chandra Jose T Hutapea Julianto, Baskoro Tri Khairunnisa, Zayyaan Nabiila Khoirunisa, Hana Khoirunnisa, Hana Kosasih, Akhmad Lamuse, Maulina Larasaty Layla Alifani Ekrep Loebis, Akbar Renaldi Lofianda, Luthfi Lukvy, Wisely Luthfi Lofianda Maharama , Mochammad Zhafran Ichsan Maria Evita Maulasih, Resti Meindika R Praditya Meti Ekayani Mitra Djamal Moch Ridwan Widiansyah Mochammad Izzudin Ma’mun Moh Yasin Muhamad Raffi Rahman Muhammad A I Munawar Muhammad Adhiragil Kandyas Muhammad Athourrohman Muhammad F Faiq Muhammad Fauzan Muhammad fauzan Murdiono, Jatmiko N Annisa, Chika Naoki Kinoshita Naoki Kinoshita Naoki Kinoshita Natasyarini, Nanda Purwita Nina Siti Aminah Nofriadi Nurul Chairunnisa Nyoto Santoso Oktafiani, Pradyta Galuh Oktafiani, Pradyta Galuh Oktaviani, Tetra Prawira, Gilang Indracakti Purwo Mahardi Putri , Riska Aulia Putri , Risky Sherly Putri Zafira, Aura Putri, Risky Sherly Putri, Wirdatun Nafiah Putri, Zenia Dwi Rahman, Muhamad Raffi Rahmawan, Rama Zaky Rai Sita Ramadhan, Fathur Ramadhanis, Zainab Ramadhanis, Zainab Dwi Regina Aprilia Zulfikar Retna Apsari Rhini Wulan Dary Rifnadhi, Bayu RIKA RAFFIUDIN Rina Mardiana Risky Sherly Putri Risma Amelia Rivansyah, Mohamad Daffa Rizki Amelia Rosyadah, Rani Rukmana, Adi Sari, Windi Mayang Satyanto Krido Saptomo Shahilla Larasaty Simatupang, Minson Slamet, Alim S Slamet, Alim Setiawan Suryanto, Wiwit Sutanto , Filipus Gianus Sutoyo Sutoyo Sutoyo Sutoyo Syamsul Arifin Tri Sudibyo Triyogo Aleksandria Ulhaq, Yasminna Dhiya Umam, Faqih Nadiya Utami, Anisa D Utami, Anisa Dwi Utami, Annisa Dwi Wahyu Srigutomo Wahyudi Wahyudi Wangsawitana , Yunan Yakuta WINDRA PRIAWANDIPUTRA, WINDRA Windy D Aryanti Yasuhara, Hideaki Yudi Chadirin Yuli Suharnoto Zaenal Abidin Zafira, Aura Putri Zainab Ramadhanis Zalfa Maulida Ihsani