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Agus Pramono
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
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Journal : Journal of Islamic History

 1 
Fi Makrifat Al Jawahir Karya Reyhan Al Biruni: Kitab Rujukan Teknologi Manufaktur Logam Dunia: Fi Ma'rifat Al Jawahir by Raihan Al Biruni: Reference Book of World Metal Manufacturing Technology Pramono, Agus
Journal of Islamic History Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic History
Publisher : Nur Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1086.699 KB) | DOI: 10.53088/jih.v2i1.354

Abstract

The Muslim scientist who became the scientific reference on the manufacturing sector was Reyhan al-Biruni. The processing of wrought iron and the manufacture of steel from cast iron is carried out through the carbonization process. The element carbon has a very significant influence on the strength of the metal. The maximum solubility of Fe3C in iron is: 6.67%. This is a series of calculations of the composition of the atomic weight of each constituent element, which is the atomic weight of Fe = 56, the atomic weight of Carbon 12. Calculation of steel compounds Fe3C = 56 X 3 = 180. The solubility of Carbon in steel is 6.67, coming from 2/180 X 100% = 6.67%. Metal processing that has received worldwide attention today is the ECAP method, which is capable of producing significant mechanical strength. The stages of the ECAP process start from the process of applying a compressive force to the sample that is placed in the mold. A special characteristic of ECAP is the ability to introduce fine grain refinement into large bulk samples. Capable of reducing the size of fine grains to the size of nanometers, resulting in a material that is able to provide maximum physical and mechanical properties. ECAP combines compressive stress and tensile stress in the mold. The ECAP formula was previously found in the book of Fi Makrifat Al Jawahir by Reyhan Al Biruni. The book it was explaine in great detail that when metal is bent there will be an increase in its strength because of the reaction between metals
Innovations and Evolution of Metallurgy in Islamic Civilization of the Nusantara Region Agus Pramono
Journal of Islamic History Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Islamic History
Publisher : Nur Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53088/jih.v5i1.1589

Abstract

The study explores the transformation of metallurgy in Islamic civilization and its influence on the development of metalworking in Nusantara. Beginning with pioneers such as Khabab bin Al-Arat and Salman Al-Farisi, who introduced alloy technologies such as the creation of Zulfikar's sword, Islamic metallurgy advanced significantly with contributions from Jabir Ibn Hayyan and Reyhan Al-Biruni. This knowledge developed innovative methods, such as sublimation and nanostructure technologies, which found applications in weapons like the Damascus sword. The knowledge was later disseminated to Java by Sheikh Sadzali, who merged Islamic spiritual teachings with local traditions, particularly in keris-making, through figures like Mpu Supo Driyo and his son, Mpu Supo Mandraki. Collaborating with Sheikh Abdul Jalil, they integrated Islamic values into the symbolic designs of keris, blending functionality and spirituality. This research highlights the continuity of Islamic knowledge in advancing global technology while enriching local cultural heritage in Nusantara.  Keywords:    metallurgy,    islamic    civilization,    keris,   archipelago, damascus sword REFERENCES Pramono, A. (2018). The Existence of Metallurgical Science in Islamic Perspective. Journal of Character Education "JAWARA" (JPKJ), 4(1), 75-78. https://103.142.195.99/index.php/JAWARA/article/view/9529/0.  Pramono, A. (2022). Reyhan Al-Biruni's Fi Ma'rifat Al Jawahir: A Reference Book for the World's Metal Manufacturing Technology. Journal of Islamic History, 2(1), 12-23, UIN Salatiga, 7(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.53088/jih.v2i1.354.  Pramono, A. (2021). The book of the development of science & technology in an Islamic perspective (First print). Deepublish Publisher. https://www.deepublishstore.com/buku development-of-science/knowledge/. Pramono, A. (2022). The classical book of the Abbasid period as a reference for advanced military technology: A thought genealogy study. Millatī: Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities, 7(1), 33-51. https://doi.org/10.18326/mlt.v7i1.7048. Sunyoto, A. (2012). Atlas of Walisongo: The first book to reveal the Wali Songo as historical facts (First Printing). Cooperation of IIMaN Library, Trans Pustaka, and LTN PBNU. Pages 123-130. Republika Khazanah. (August 4, 2011). The Story of the Prophet's Companions: Khabbab bin Arats, a Teacher in Knowledge and Sacrifice. Retrieved from https://khazanah.republika.co.id/berita/lpe4hn/kisah-sahabatnabi-khabbab-bin-arats-guru-dalam-ilmu-dan-pengorbanan.  Ibn Hisham. (1955). Sirah Nabawiyah. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub AlIlmiyyah.  Tsuji, N., Saito, Y., Lee, S. H., & Minamino, Y. (1999). ARB (Accumulative Roll-Bonding) and other new techniques to produce bulk ultrafine-grained materials. Advanced Engineering Materials, 1(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/ DOI: 10.1016/S13596462(99)00015-9. Rahman, A. (2015). The Sword of Damascus: Medieval Islamic art and technology. Oxford: Islamic Publishing Press. Hoyland, R. G., & Gilmour, B. (2012). Medieval Islamic swords and sword-making. GetTextbooks.com. Paufler, P., Reibold, M., Levin, A. A., Kochmann, W., & Paufler, P. (2006). Carbon nanotubes in an ancient Damascus sabre. Nature, 444(7117), 286. https://doi.org/10.1038/444286a. Sunyoto, A. (2018). Atlas of Walisongo: Reconstructing the History of Walisongo. Jakarta: IIMaN Library. Reid, A. (1988). Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680: Volume One: The Lands Below the Winds. New Haven: Yale University Press. Poda Obunawa Manuscript Records: A Reference Source: Atlas of Walisongo,. 2012] Ricklefs, M. C. (2008). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1200 (4thed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Co-Authors A Milandia A. Ali Alhamidi A. Ali Alhamidi Abdul Azis Abdul Rahman Abdullah, Hanif Fadil Ade saputra Adhi Novianto Adhitya Trenggono Adhitya Trenggono Aditya M, Adnan Aditya Rahman Aditya Rahman Agus Eko Nugroho Alfirano Alfirano Alhamidi , Ahmad A. Alhamidi, Ahmad Ali Ali Alhamidi Alim, Moebi Syahirul An Nizhami, Avicenna Anam, Syaiful Nurul Andinnie Juniarsih Anisa Nur Qomariyah Anistasia Milandia Anistasia Milandia Anne Zulfia Anton Irawan Apitiadi, Satyo Dwi Asep Ridwan Aziz, Abdul Badruddin. Z, M. Badruddin. Z Budi Prayitno Dhanar Intan Surya Saputra Didit Suhartono Egi Erlangga Eko Wahyono, Eko Endarto Yudo Wardhono Fadil Abdillah, Hanif Fatah Sulaiman Fatwa Nurul Hakim, Fatwa Nurul Firmansyah, Asep A. Gilang Aji Prayoga Gita Sugiyarti  Gutomo, Gutomo Hanif, Yafi Nur Haryadi Haryadi Hesti Istiqlaliyah Humaedi, M Alie Imron Rosyadi Imron, Dian Karinawati Indah Uswatun Hasanah Ipick Setiawan Irfan Santiko Irma Darmayanti Jumiadi, . Jumiadi, Jumiadi Khoir, Mulyanto Abdul Khoryanton, Ampala Kuntardjo, Carolina Kusuma, Ariska Cesar Divian Candra Kusuma, Velizha Sandy Latief, Muhamad Lubis, Andriamuri Primaputra M Imansyah Mardiyanto, Atqo Maulida, Farah Mei Ma’arif, Guntoro Zain Mohammad Daffa Saifullah Muhammad Ihsan Mujiburrohman Mujiburrohman Mukti, Gilang Dely Musarofah, Ani Mustofa, Dinar Naila Rohmah, Andin Ningsih, Adestika Padang Yanuar Partuti, Tri Pratiwi Pratiwi Prihatin Tiyanto Purnomo, Adhy Rachmat Fauzan, Kiagus Radiah, Aisyatur Rahmat Yulianto Ravina Nur Fadila Rhaka Qudzsy Wening Praja Ricki Hikmatullah Risyanto Risyanto Riyanto Riyanto Rohmah, Andin Naila ropii, imam Saefuloh, Iman Safriana, Eni Salahuddin Junus Sarwanto Sarwanto Serli, Serli Setiawan, Ito Setram, Nurbaety Setyaningsih, Gustin Slamet Wiyono Slamet Wiyono Slamet Wiyono Sofiandi, M. Solekhah, Nuzul Sri Harmanto Sri Sarjana Sudarto Sudarto Suhendar Suhendar, Suhendar Sumiran, Sumiran Suryana Suryana Suryana Suryana Suryanaa, Suryanaa Tampubolon, Freddy Tengku Riza Zarzani N Tri Astuti Handayani Ulhaq, Muhammad Zhiya Widodo, Ignatius Gunawan Willy Jamaludin Wiyono, Slamet yatimah, Dhurotul Yeni Muriani Zulaida Z, M. Badruddin