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Adsorption Capacity of Magnetic Activated Carbon Derived from Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca) Seeds to Cd(II): Characteristics and Isotherm Model Kusdarini, Esthi; Budianto, Agus; Kusuma, Maritha Nilam; Atiyatussa'adah, Eva
Reaktor Volume 25 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.1.%p

Abstract

Salak seeds are an agricultural waste that has the potential to be converted into magnetic activated carbon (MAC). The resulting MAC can be utilized for wastewater treatment, particularly in the adsorption of heavy metals. This study develops a method for producing MAC by forming activated carbon using a chemical activator without physical activation, chosen to reduce energy consumption. The activated carbon is then modified with Fe3O4 composite to render it magnetic and reusable. The objectives of this study are to 1) determine the optimal chemical activator concentration, 2) characterize magnetic activated carbon, 3) evaluate the adsorption capacity of MAC for Cd(II) in wastewater, 4) obtain an adsorption isotherm model of MAC for Cd(II) using the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and 5) analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition of MAC. Chemical activation was performed using an HCl-H3PO4 mixture with equal concentrations in a 1:1 volume ratio, with variable concentrations of 0.55, 1.05, 1.55, 2.05, and 2.55 M. MAC's characteristics and adsorption capacity were analyzed using proximate analysis, BET, SEM-EDX, and AAS. The results showed that: 1) the optimal HCl-H3PO4 concentration was 2.05 M, 2) MAC contained 1% moisture, 21.88% volatile matter, 38% ash, 39.13% fixed carbon, iodine number of 1218.24 mg/g, surface area of 175.604 m2/g, and an average pore volume of 26.8093 cc/g, 3) MAC adsorbed Cd(II) from wastewater with an efficiency of 80.12 – 87.75%, 4) the Langmuir isotherm model yielded R2 = 0.9847, qm = 35.0877 mg/g, and b = 0.0285 L/mg, whereas the Freundlich model yielded R2 = 0.9729, n = 1.5881, and kf = 7.6701 mg/g, and 5) MAC exhibited evenly distributed pores and contained dominant elements Fe (30.26%), C (29.08%), O (24.59%), Na (11.27%), with traces of Mg, Al, Mo, and Cl.
Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Hunaifi Afandi, Zainal Afdhal Mahatta Piliang Afid Maulana Putra Ahad, Eizzah Bukhari binti Akbar, Muhamad Alief Alfi Laila Amri Ichsa Ardhana Anggraeini, Cita Anggraeni, Feny Dwi Angkatno, Angkatno Anisa Oktiawati Aprilia K. D, Novi Ardi Tri Yuwono Ardi Tri Yuwono Astrit Septiana Nabilla Atiyatussa'adah, Eva Ayun Kencana R Azizah Martha Kinanty Bakhtiar, Syarifudin Braake, Gijsbert ter Carini Aryanti Christine Susanti Cokorde Istri Dian Laksmi Dewi Cyntia Tri Hardianti Debora Pasaribu Debora Pasaribu, Debora Deni Irawan Deni Irawan, Deni Desi Ariska Dewi, Novi Aprilia Kumala Dini Andreswari Prianbudi Dwi Budi Prastiani Dwi Putra Nugraha Dwi Wijayanti Erna Fatmawati Ester Damaris W. Wunga Faustina, Stephanie Fauziah, Salsa Alya Firdausi, Rizal Zubad Firman Hidayat Gijsbert ter Braake Gultom, Hosiana Gusti Garnis Sasmita Gusti Garnis Sasmita hartanto hartanto Herdian Tria Wulan Sari Heru Budiono Hutaminingtiyas, Wahyu I Wayan Putu Sucana Aryana, I Wayan Putu Sucana Imam Safi’i Indira SNJ, Falentiana Indrawani, Dali Irfan, Nur Islami, Deri Ivrada Setiya Budi Khairunnisa Khairunnisa Khodijah Khodijah Khodijah Khodijah Kusdarini, Esthi Laranono, Anton Latiffunnisa, Husna Laure, Callista Lilianti, Putri M. Iman Santoso Mahera, Rafika Marfu’atun, Marfu’atun Maritha Nilam Kusuma Maukar, Michelle Regine Minerva, Maria Muhamad Fajrul Al Fauzi Muryani, Susi Nara Setya Wiratama Ngasiman, Nur'irfaan Adrus bin Nora Idiawati Nur Hidayah Nurhakim Yudi Wibowo Nurwijayanti Pamungkas, Agung Laksana Hendra Pangesti, Shinta Pangestu, Sinta Dewi Permatasari, Eka Diana Pietro Grassio, Pietro Grassio Pramesti, Rahma Aulia Prasetio Hadi Pratama, Affilah Putra Putra, Ricky Pratama Rahmadhani, Sheva Ramadhan, Rehan Sasli Ramadhanty, Savira Rian Damariswara Rohmah, Eka Futihatur Rudiansyah Rudiansyah Sasmita, Gusti Garnis Sebastian, Andi Sekar Ayu Prawasti Setyaningrum, Ikawati Setyaningrum, Ikawati Sigit Widiatmoko Sigit Widiatmoko Stefana, Violen Ester Stephanie Faustina Sudarwati, Enik Sumarwoto, Muhammad Ipung Zainul Islam Susento, Jovan Rafael Aurelio Talia Kallista Haditama Theresa B. Tulende tri wahono Umi Salamah Utami, Septy Diah Vandini, Tia Wibowo, Nurhakim Yudhi Widhiastuti, Ratna Widiatmoko, Sigit Widodo, Yessy Pramita Wiet Rizwijaya Wisnu Widyantoro Wisnu Widyantoro Yatmin Yatmin ., Yatmin Yatmin Yatmin Yatmin Yatmin yatmin, yatmin Yessy Pramita Widodo