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Ermatita -
Universitas Sriwijaya
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Journal : Jurnal Sisfokom (Sistem Informasi dan Komputer)

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Comparative Analysis of Explainable AI Models for Pneumonia Detection in Chest X-rays Using Grad-CAM Richardo, M Denny; Ermatita, Ermatita; Satria, Hadipurnawan
Jurnal Sisfokom (Sistem Informasi dan Komputer) Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : ISB Atma Luhur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v14i4.2450

Abstract

Pneumonia is one of the main reasons why young children die around the world, so it's essential to detect it early and make sure the methods used are straightforward to understand for doctors. This study aims to analyze and compare pneumonia detection systems based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) using the Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) technique across four Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures: VGG16, DenseNet, MobileNet, and EfficientNet-B0. The dataset used consists of approximately 5,800 chest X-ray images from Kaggle, split into training, validation, and test sets. The dataset underwent preprocessing, augmentation, and filtering. Each model was trained and tested using the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score measures. Additionally, the models were analyzed for explainability using Grad-CAM heatmaps. The results showed that MobileNet achieved the highest classification performance, attaining 99.6% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, while EfficientNet-B0 demonstrated the highest explainability in a visual evaluation by medical practitioners. Explainability was assessed through a survey distributed to four medical professionals—two radiologists, a general practitioner, and a radiology technologist—using a Likert scale (1–5) to rate aspects such as focus accuracy, heatmap clarity, consistency of the area, and interpretability. EfficientNet-B0 achieved the highest average explainability score of 41.50, followed by MobileNet at 40.50. Thus, MobileNet is recommended for accuracy, while EfficientNet-B0 is the best choice if visual interpretability is a priority. This research underscores the importance of integrating explainability into the development of AI-based disease detection systems to enhance trust and safety in clinical applications.
Co-Authors Abdiansah, Abdiansah Adi Sutrisman Ahmad Fali Oklilas Ahmad Fali Oklilas Ahmad Sanmorino Aidil Putrasyah Al Farissi Albert Albert Aldin, Moehammad Alfarezy, Reza Ali Amran Ali Bardadi Ali Bardardi Ali Ibrahim Ali Ibrahim Allsela Meiriza, Allsela Andini Dwi Lestari Anita Desiani Apriansyah Putra Arnelawati Artika Arista Ayuputri, Niken Bambang Suprihatin Barlian Khasoggi Barlian Khasoggi Belly, Belly Nagustria bin Awang, Mohd Khalid Budi Prayoga, Muhamad Hafiz Cindo, Mona Dafid Dedik Budianta Deris Stiawan Dian Palupi Rini Dian Palupi Rini Dien Novita Dominica, Alviona Terry Dwi Asa Verano Dwi Lestari, Rizky Dwi Meylitasari Br. Tarigan Dwi Rosa Indah Endang Lestari Ruskan Endy Suherman Erwin, Erwin Eva Darnila Eva Darnila Fajriana, Fajriana Fajriana, Fajriana Falih, Noor Fathiyah, Alyssa Fathoni - Fauza Adelma Syafrizal Fuadi, Wahyu Geovani, Dite Gumay, Naretha Kawadha Pasemah Hadipurnawan Satria Hafyz Sytar, M. Hartini Hartini Hijriani, Nurul Huda Ubaya Huda Ubaya Husnawati Husnawati Ika Oktavianti ina aisyah handayani Indra Maulana Irmanda, Helena Nurramdhani Ispramono Hadi, Sigit Iwan Pahendra Iwan Pahendra Anto Saputra Jaidan Jauhari Johannes Petrus Joko Purnomo Ken Dhita Tania Khairun Nisak, Novrinda Kurniawan, Mochamad Aryo Aji Kurniawan, Rizky Fariz Andry Lovinta Happy Atrinawati M Fariz Januarsyah M. Fariz Januarsyah M. Miftakul Amin Matondang, Nurhafifah Mauliza Mauliza, Mauliza Megah Mulya Meizalina, Mutiara Amalia Mgs Afriyan Firdaus Mira Afrina Mohammed Y. Alzahrani Mona Cindo Monterico Adrian Muhammad Adrezo Muhammad Fachrurrozi Muhammad Qurhanul Rizqie Muhammad Sadli Muhammad Sadli, Muhammad Muhammad, Duwen Imantata Mutammimul Ula Mutia Fadhila Putri Noprisson, Handrie NUNI GOFAR Nurul Chamidah Nurul Mufliha Eka Putri Nurul Mufliha Eka Putri Octaria, Orissa Osvari Arsalan Pacu Putra Pahendra, Iwan Parwito Patimah, Endah Primanita, Anggina Purwita Sari Purwita Sari, Purwita Putra, Erwin Dwika Rachma nia Rahman, Puti Ayu Andhini Rahmat Budiarto Rahmat Izwan Heroza Rahmat Izwan Heroza Rendra Gustriansyah Reza Firsandaya Malik Richardo, M Denny Richki Hardi Rifkie Primartha Rizka Dhini Kurnia Rizka Dhini Kurnia Rizki Kurniati Royan Dwi Saputra Rudhy Ho Purabaya Ruth Mariana Bunga Wadu Safithri, Selviana Rizki Salamah, Fitri Samsuryadi Samsuryadi Shinta Puspasari Soraya, Atika Suci Destriatania Suci Destriatania Sukemi Sukemi Susan Dwi Saputri Susan Dwi Saputri Sytar, M. Hafizh Terttiaavini, Terttiaavini Tjahjanto, Tjahjanto Tryadriani, Rasqia Nurzulia Verano, Dwi Asa Verlly Puspita Wahyu Fuadi Wahyu Ningsih Yadi Utama Yadi Utama Yudha Pratomo Yudha Pratomo Yudha Pratomo Yundari, Yundari Zalika, Indah Zulkardi