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Journal : Makara Journal of Science

Morphological and Structural Studiesof ZnO Micro-Nanorod Structures Synthesized Using a Low-Cost Hydrothermal Method Alfarisa, Suhufa; Toruan, Parmin Lumban; Atina, Atina; Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams; Safitri, Rika Noor
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 22, No. 2
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Abstract

Micro-nanorod structuresof zincoxide (ZnO) have been successfully synthesized via a simple and low-cost hydrothermal method. ZnO solutions with different concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 M were prepared using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine precursors. They were dissolved inaquadesand stirred before the hydrothermal process at 95 °C for 4 hours in an oven. Extensive characterizations using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conductedon ZnO powder samples. SEM results showed that hexagonally shaped ZnO micro-nanorods were formed with diameters ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. The ZnO sample synthesized at 0.05 M was observedto have a better surface morphological structurethan the 0.1 M sample. In addition, XRD measurements confirmed that samples exhibited a hexagonal crystal structure of ZnO. Moreover, the calculated crystallite sizes of ZnO using the Debye-Scherrer equation using the full-width half maxima of the XRD peaks were 25.153 nm for the 0.05 M sample and 28.707 nm for the 0.1 M sample. The most prominent growth of ZnO had 101 plane orientation or nonpolara-plane followed by nonpolar 100 m-plane and 002 polar c-plane orientations.This studyoffersa simple andlow-costroute to producehigh-quality ZnO micro-nanorods for use in various electrical and optical devices.
Density Profiles, Energy, and Oscillation Strength of a Quantum Dot in Two Dimensions with a Harmonic Oscillator External Potential using an Orbital-free Energy Functional Based on Thomas–Fermi Theory Alfarisa, Suhufa; Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams; Darmawan, Denny
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 1
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This research aims i) to determine the density profile and calculate the ground state energy of a quantum dot in two dimensions (2D) with a harmonic oscillator potential using orbital-free density functional theory, and ii) to understand the effect of the harmonic oscillator potential strength on the electron density profiles in the quantum dot. This study determines the total energy functional of the quantum dot that is a functional of the density that depends only on spatial variables. The total energy functional consists of three terms. The first term is the kinetic energy functional, which is the Thomas–Fermi approximation in this case. The second term is the external potential. The harmonic oscillator potential is used in this study. The last term is the electron–electron interactions described by the Coulomb interaction. The functional is formally solved to obtain the electron density as a function of spatial variables. This equation cannot be solved analytically, and thus a numerical method is used to determine the profile of the electron density. Using the electron density profiles, the ground state energy of the quantum dot in 2D can be calculated. The ground state energies obtained are 2.464, 22.26, 90.1957, 252.437, and 496.658 au for 2, 6, 12, 20, and 56 electrons, respectively. The highest electron density is localized close to the middle of the quantum dot. The density profiles decrease with the increasing distance, and the lowest density is at the edge of the quantum dot. Generally, increasing the harmonic oscillator potential strength reduces the density profiles around the center of the quantum dot.
UV-Visible Optical Absorbance of Graphene Oxide Synthesized from Zinc-Carbon Battery Waste via a Custom-Made Ultrasound Generator based on Liquid Sonication Exfoliation Method Wisnuwijaya, Rhyko Irawan; Purwanto, Agus; Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 21, No. 4
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Abstract

The objectives of this study are i) to synthesize graphene oxide (GO) from the waste materials of zinc-carbon (ZnC) batteries via the liquid sonication exfoliation (LSE) method using tweeter piezoelectric probes as speakers, and ii) to study the optical absorbance of the GO produced using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer by varying the mass of the graphite materials obtained from ZnC battery waste. The graphite materials are obtained from the carbon rods of the ZnC batteries, which are ground into powder. The powder is then mixed with distilled water, with powder mass variations of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 grams. The solutions obtained are sonicated with a frequency of 30 kHz for six hours using a custom-made ultrasound generator based on piezoelectric probes. The effect of graphite material mass variation is studied by observing the UV-Vis spectrophotometer data before and after sonication. The results of this study show absorbance peaks at wavelengths of 221 nm to 227.5 nm, and shouldering peaks at 260 nm to 270 nm, indicating the presence of GO materials for all graphite mass variations. The best GO performances based on the UV-Vis results are obtained in samples with 0.8 and 1.0 grams of graphite powder, which undergo a red shift from 223.5 nm to 227.5 nm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) are conducted upon the sample of 1.0 grams of graphite powder before and after sonication treatment. The SEM results before sonication show graphite materials forming in large chunks, whereas after sonication smaller islands of GO materials consisting of thin, transparent flakes are observed. The EDX results reveal that the sample material after sonication consists of 88% carbon, 11% oxygen, and a remaining 1% of aluminum, silicon, sulphur, ferrum, and zinc
Phase Diagrams and Current Density Profiles of the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process in Two Dimensions, for a Three-Way Junction Septiana, Rini; Indriawati, Annisa; Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
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Abstract

This study explores a dynamical model called the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) in two dimensions (2D). An open boundary condition is specified for the model, and sequential updating dynamics are used as the dynamical rule. The system studied is a discrete 2D system of lattice sites, which are modified into a three-way junction. Two cases are considered: a three-way junction with two entrances and one exit, and a three-way junction with one entrance and two exits. The density and current density of the system are determined numerically, such that a phase diagram is obtained. The continuity equation describing the dynamics of particles in the system is solved by using a simple Euler method. The results show that the density and current density profiles, as functions of the lattice sites, are determined by the input and output rates at their boundaries. Moreover, the density phases obtained are combinations of the density phases of the TASEP, which yield a rich phase diagram
Co-Authors Aang Zainul Abidin Adiella Zakky Juneid Adiella Zakky Juneid Aditia Pramudia Sunandar Adiwinoto, Nur Rahmatika Agisna Nursita AGUS PURWANTO Agus Sugiarto Alfarisa, Suhufa Alviana, Jaynis Dhifa Aminuyati Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Ananda Aprilia Andriani, Nur Baeity Anisha Nurcahyati Annisa Indriawati Aprilia, Ananda Aprina Defianti Aprlilia, Ananda Arfa, Trirahma Novalia Putri Arif Rahman Aris Kurniawan Ariswan Ariswan Ariswan, Ariswam Asya Nailul Fauziah Athi' Nur Auliati Rahmah Atina - Atina, Atina Ayub, Made Rai Shanti Aziz, Khafidh Nur Azzahra Qurrata A’yun Bagas Prakoso Bambang Ruwanto Bambang Ruwanto, Bambang Bian Itsna Ashfa Al Ashfiya Bian Itsna Ashfa Al Ashfiya Bob Widodi Buky Wahyu Pratama Damayanti, Silva Danvi Sekartaji Denny Darmawan Dewi, Imelda Zahra Tungga Dian Puspita Eka Putri Dian Puspita Eka Putri Duden Saepuzaman, Duden Dwi Wahyu Nugroho Dyah Silviana Sari Edi Istiyono Eggydhia Ananda Rania Balqist Elisabeth Pratidhina Elisabeth Pratidhina Emi Kurnia Sari Eryuni Setyani Fajrul Falah Febriani Febriani Febriani Fika Fauzi Fitria Ayu Sulistiani Fitria Irawan Fitria Wulandari Galih Ramadhan Alwaasith Hari Sutrisno Haris Suhendar Hastuti, Irnawati Widya Heru Kuswanto Hidayat Tullah Hidayatullah, Abdul Rosyid Husna, Salsabila Iman Santoso Iman Santoso Indriawati, Annisa Insih Wilujeng Irnawati Widya Hastuti Ishafit Juli Astono Juliana Megawati Simanjuntak Julius Elfino Jumadi Jumadi Jumadi Jumadi Kartika Aulia Widyani Khasanah, Ayu Hana Umi Laeli, Silvia Laila Nur Hanif Lilik Kurniawan Lilis Misnawati Listari, Eka Sentia Ayu Millah, Syari Fatul Muhammad Ikrom Nasir, Muhammad Hilmi Niken Kristiyanti Nisrina Hasna Mustofa nosiyosa judenori Nugan Tadeko Nunung Fadilah Nur Baeity Andriyani Nur Kadarisman Nurohman, Yosi Nurul Miftakhul Janah Nurul Taufiqu Rochman Oktiana Lusi Priyani Parmin Lumbantoruan Permana, Hilmi Ardian PHATMA DIAN PRATIWI Pratama, Buki Wahyu Pratama, Buky Wahyu Pujianto Pujianto Purwanto, Agus Purwoko Haryadi Santoso Putri Anjarsari Putri, Sabrina Elysia R. A. Adipurno Rachman, Anisyah Raden Wisnu Murti Sulaindra Radyum Ikono Rahmatullah Rahmatullah Ratnawati Retnowati, Rahayu Dwisiwi Sri Revnika Faizah Rhyko Irawan Wisnuwijaya Rhyko Irawan Wisnuwijaya Rhyko Irawan Wisnuwijaya Rika Noor Safitri Rini Septiana Rita Prasetyowati Rukasih, Tina Safitri, Rika Noor Sari, Dyah Silviana Sari, Emi Kurnia Sari, Riska Arsita Septiana, Rini Silvia Nur Fatmawati Siti Choerotun Nisa’ SL, Deby Grace Sudarsono Sukardiyono Sukardiyono Sunardi Rahman Suparno Suparno Suparno Suparno Suparno Suparwoto Suparwoto Surya Jatmika Susanto, Duwi Tessa, Adhis Tito Prastyo Rahman Toni Hasmedi Toruan, Parmin Lumban Trisonia Fitria Ufairah, Ghina Syifa Ulfa Aulia Syamsuri Utami, Ridho Warsono Warsono Warsono Warsono Warsono Watuna, Monica Ananda Widayanti Widayanti Wiratama, Pradeo Putra Wisnuwijaya, Rhyko Irawan Yosi Aprian Sari Yosi Nurohman Yuflihza, Zaharani Yusman Wiyatmo Yusron, Eri Yutisa Is Dhiarni Yuwana Widada Zakwandi, Rizki