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Effectiveness of Antiviral Drugs as Covid-19 Therapy Adelia Firandi; Didik Hasmono
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 3 (2021): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v5i3.291

Introduction: SARS-CoV 2 firstly emerged in China on December 2019 and it was spreading rapidly across the world until now. At this time, there is no vaccine or medication approved by the FDA. However, there are some FDA approved medicines for treating other diseases that can be used for Covid-19 based on tests. This review focuses on therapy efficacy, work mechanism, pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and future perspective. Method: Article review related to therapy on Covid-19 patients, particularly antiviral therapy which was the combination of lopinavir and ritonavir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and favipiravir. The reviewed relevant articles were observational study, in vitro test, case report, and clinical test. Results: A total of 13 articles met the requirement, 9 articles discussed the result of therapy during the medication of COVID-19 patients, 2 reports of in vitro test, and 2 results of clinical trials. Conclusion: From several studies that had been conducted, remdesivir, combination of lopinavir and ritonavir, as well as favipiravir showed benefits in various clinical studies on Covid-19 patients. Meanwhile, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine showed limited effects and did not affect the decrease of mortality.

Covid-19 and Its Vaccine Development: A Narrative Review Risa Septinia; Didik Hasmono
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 6 (2021): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v3i6.444

COVID-19 merupakan penyakit saluran pernapasan yang ditetapkan sebagai pandemi pada Maret 2020 dan disebabkan oleh severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Tingginya penyebaran COVID-19 di seluruh dunia menyebabkan pengembangan vaksin mendesak untuk dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, review ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang COVID-19 dan tantangannya dalam pengembangan vaksin serta mengkaji keamanan, efektivitas, dan immunogenisitas dari platform vaksin-vaksin yang telah mendapatkan izin penggunaan di beberapa negara. Berdasarkan pengalaman infeksi yang pernah terjadi di dunia, vaksin mampu mencegah penyebaran penyakit-penyakit infeksi dan menyelamatkan 23,3 juta nyawa. Terdapat beberapa tantangan yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan vaksin untuk COVID-19, diantaranya mudahnya SARS-CoV-2 bermutasi dan potensi terjadinya antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) setelah vaksinansi. Berbagai macam platform digunakan dalam perkembangan vaksin COVID-19, baik platform teknologi tradisional (inactivated dan live-attenuated vaccine) maupun teknologi baru (viral vector, protein subunit, dan nucleic acid vaccine). Untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi SARS-CoV-2, terdapat 10 vaksin yang telah mendapatkan izin penggunaan darurat di beberapa negara. Platform yang digunakan antara lain vaksin mRNA, vektor virus, terinaktivasi, dan vaksin peptida. Vaksin-vaksin tersebut dilaporkan efektif, aman dan dapat ditoleransi dengan baik oleh partisipan dengan derajat efek samping yang timbul adalah ringan hingga sedang. Meskipun kejadian ADE tidak ditemukan dalam semua vaksin tersebut, monitoing terhadap kejadian tersebut harus dilakukan karena berdasar pada pengalaman penggunaan platform inactivated vaccine SARS-CoV sebelumnya, diketahui dapat menimbulkan vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory diseases (VAERD).

Evaluation of Remdesivir in Liver Functions Covid-19 Patients At Bhayangkara H.S Samsoeri Mertojoso Hospital Surabaya Maria Angelia Yoshida; Didik Hasmono; Ruddy Hartono; Mohammad Subkhan
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 4 No. 5 (2022): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v4i5.1120

Remdesivir is one of the effective anti-viral drugs used as a Covid-19 therapy at moderate, severe and critical degrees. Side effects that need to be considered in the use of remdesivir is hepatotoxicity. The active metabolite of remdesivir (GS-44152) is thought to play a role in mitochondrial damage in liver cells, inhibiting bile acid transport, and inducing oxidative stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of remdesivir associated with changes in liver function SGOT and SGPT. This study was retrospective observation of moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 patients receiving remdesivir with inclusion criteria of all inpatient medical records at Bhayangkara Hospital Surabaya for the period of August 2020-July 2021. The results showed that significant increase of liver enzymes occurred in SGPT (Pre 29 .50; Post 33.50) while in SGOT (Pre 33.00; Post 26.00), enzymes were significantly decreased. The decrease was greater in the SGPT (Pre 69.00; Post 47.00) and SGOT (Pre 56.00; Post 32.00) hepatoprotector groups. The use of remdesivir had no effect on liver function as indicated by an increase in SGPT value and a decrease in SGOT value, both of which were still in the normal range.

The Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Antibiotic Use in Bone Fracture Patients in a Public Hospital in Indonesia Atmajani, Wanudya; Hasmono, Didik; Awdisma, Wien Maryati; Isparnadi, Erwien; Ramdani, Dewi
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.008.01.8

Pendahuluan: Terapi antibiotik profilaksis memiliki peran penting dalam memfasilitasi penyembuhan pasca operasi yang optimal. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat di rumah sakit akan meningkatkan biaya terapi dan kejadian infeksi nosokomial mikroorganisme infeksius. Antibiotik profilaksis preoperasi diyakini dapat mengurangi kejadian infeksi tempat pembedahan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola penggunaan antibiotik dan menganalisis penggunaan antibiotik secara kualitatif dengan metode Gyssen dan kuantitatif dengan metode defined daily dose (DDD) pada pasien rawat inap dengan fraktur tulang di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Surabaya, Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif yang dilakukan terhadap 89 sampel. Data dikumpulkan secara retrospektif melalui rekam medis pada periode Januari-Desember 2019. Data penggunaan antibiotic kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan metode Gyssen dan DDD. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini, antibiotik yang banyak digunakan sebagai antibiotik profilaksis dan terapeutik pada pasien fraktur tulang adalah seftriakson. Analisis kuantitatif menggunakan metode DDD menunjukkan bahwa nilai ceftriaxone adalah 45,6/100 pasien-hari dan cefazoline adalah 3,1/100 pasien-hari. Analisis penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien fraktur tulang dengan menggunakan metode Gyssen menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional sebanyak 84,3%, penggunaan antibiotik tidak tepat waktu sebanyak 4,5%, dan interval pemberian antibiotik tidak tepat sebanyak 11,2%. Kesimpulan: penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien bedah fraktur sudah tergolong penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional namun penggunaan antibiotik masih melebihi standar WHO. Selanjutnya perlu dilakukan penelitian serupa dengan pengambilan data secara prospektif sehingga dapat mengamati kejadian infeksi luka operasi. Introduction: Prophylactic antibiotic therapy has an important role in facilitating optimal postoperative healing. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals will increase the cost of therapy and the incidence of nosocomial infections of infectious microorganisms. Preoperative prophylactic antibiotics are believed to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections. Objective: This study aims to determine the pattern of antibiotic use and analyse the use of antibiotics qualitatively by the Gyssen method and quantitatively by the defined daily dose (DDD) method in inpatients with bone fractures at the Haji General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study conducted on 89 samples. Data were collected retrospectively through medical records in the period January-December 2019. Antibiotic use data were then analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using the Gyssen and DDD methods. Results: In this study, the antibiotic that was widely used as a prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic in patients with bone fractures was ceftriaxone. Quantitative analysis using the DDD method showed that the value of ceftriaxone was 45.6/100 patient-days and cefazoline was 3.1/100 patient-days. Analysis of antibiotic use in bone fracture patients using the Gyssen method showed that the rational use of antibiotics was 84.3%, the use of antibiotics was not timely as much as 4.5%, and the interval of antibiotic administration was not appropriate as much as 11.2%. Conclusion: the use of antibiotics in fracture surgery patients is classified as rational use of antibiotics but the use of antibiotics still exceeds WHO standards. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct a similar study with prospective data collection so that it can observe the incidence of surgical wound infection.

Studi Penggunaan Antidislipidemia Pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik (Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD R.T. Notopuro Sidoarjo) Ilfi Hanna, Az Zahra; Hasmono, Didik; Issaura, Issaura; Syifa, Nailis
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 4, No 3 (2024): September-Desember 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v4i3.29326

Stroke is a neurologic deficit resulting from damage to the brain due to disruption of blood flow that occurs suddenly and rapidly. 87% of strokes are ischemic strokes, caused by a lack of oxygen supply to the brain due to embolism, thrombus or atherosclerosis. Blockage of blood flow will disrupt cell function accompanied by necrosis which can then lead to infarction. Antidyslipidemia is given to all ischemic stroke patients as secondary therapy and prevention of recurrent stroke. The use of Antidyslipidemia in ischemic stroke patients improves lipid abnormalities, reduces the occurrence of coronary heart disease, and improves clinical outcomes. This study aim to describe the use pattern of antidyslipidemia in ischemic stroke patients at RSUD R.T. Notopuro Sidoarjo. The type of this research is observational research with retrospective data collection method for the period October 2023 - December 2023 and then analyzed descriptively. The pattern of antidyslipidemia use is a single use pattern, as many as 78 patterns (99%). The most common single use pattern was given atorvastatin (1 x 20 mg) as many as 66 patients (86%). The combination usage pattern given was atorvastatin (1 x 20 mg) po + fenofibrate (1 x 300 mg). The switching use pattern of atorvastatin (1 x 40 mg)po atorvastatin (1 x 20 mg)po was given to 1 patient.

The Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Antibiotic Use in Bone Fracture Patients in a Public Hospital in Indonesia Atmajani, Wanudya; Hasmono, Didik; Awdisma, Wien Maryati; Isparnadi, Erwien; Ramdani, Dewi
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.008.01.8

Pendahuluan: Terapi antibiotik profilaksis memiliki peran penting dalam memfasilitasi penyembuhan pasca operasi yang optimal. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat di rumah sakit akan meningkatkan biaya terapi dan kejadian infeksi nosokomial mikroorganisme infeksius. Antibiotik profilaksis preoperasi diyakini dapat mengurangi kejadian infeksi tempat pembedahan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola penggunaan antibiotik dan menganalisis penggunaan antibiotik secara kualitatif dengan metode Gyssen dan kuantitatif dengan metode defined daily dose (DDD) pada pasien rawat inap dengan fraktur tulang di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Surabaya, Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif yang dilakukan terhadap 89 sampel. Data dikumpulkan secara retrospektif melalui rekam medis pada periode Januari-Desember 2019. Data penggunaan antibiotic kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan metode Gyssen dan DDD. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini, antibiotik yang banyak digunakan sebagai antibiotik profilaksis dan terapeutik pada pasien fraktur tulang adalah seftriakson. Analisis kuantitatif menggunakan metode DDD menunjukkan bahwa nilai ceftriaxone adalah 45,6/100 pasien-hari dan cefazoline adalah 3,1/100 pasien-hari. Analisis penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien fraktur tulang dengan menggunakan metode Gyssen menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional sebanyak 84,3%, penggunaan antibiotik tidak tepat waktu sebanyak 4,5%, dan interval pemberian antibiotik tidak tepat sebanyak 11,2%. Kesimpulan: penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien bedah fraktur sudah tergolong penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional namun penggunaan antibiotik masih melebihi standar WHO. Selanjutnya perlu dilakukan penelitian serupa dengan pengambilan data secara prospektif sehingga dapat mengamati kejadian infeksi luka operasi. Introduction: Prophylactic antibiotic therapy has an important role in facilitating optimal postoperative healing. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals will increase the cost of therapy and the incidence of nosocomial infections of infectious microorganisms. Preoperative prophylactic antibiotics are believed to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections. Objective: This study aims to determine the pattern of antibiotic use and analyse the use of antibiotics qualitatively by the Gyssen method and quantitatively by the defined daily dose (DDD) method in inpatients with bone fractures at the Haji General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study conducted on 89 samples. Data were collected retrospectively through medical records in the period January-December 2019. Antibiotic use data were then analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using the Gyssen and DDD methods. Results: In this study, the antibiotic that was widely used as a prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic in patients with bone fractures was ceftriaxone. Quantitative analysis using the DDD method showed that the value of ceftriaxone was 45.6/100 patient-days and cefazoline was 3.1/100 patient-days. Analysis of antibiotic use in bone fracture patients using the Gyssen method showed that the rational use of antibiotics was 84.3%, the use of antibiotics was not timely as much as 4.5%, and the interval of antibiotic administration was not appropriate as much as 11.2%. Conclusion: the use of antibiotics in fracture surgery patients is classified as rational use of antibiotics but the use of antibiotics still exceeds WHO standards. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct a similar study with prospective data collection so that it can observe the incidence of surgical wound infection.

Studi Penggunaan Natrium Bikarbonat pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik dengan Asidosis Metabolik Andilusia, Sindy; Hasmono, Didik; Kusumaningtyas, Atika Putri; Syifa', Nailis
Jurnal Farmasi & Sains Indonesia Vol 7 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Nusaputera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52216/jfsi.vol7no2p100-105

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as a condition in which there are abnormalities in kidney performance, and occurs for at least 3 months. Metabolic acidosis is a disturbance of acid-base balance resulting in a decrease in plasma sodium bicarbonate concentration with a decrease in blood pH. Metabolic acidosis patients are characterized by (arterial pH <7.35, PCO2 <35 mmHg, and HCO3- <22 mEq/L [mmol/L]). Sodium bicarbonate increases plasma bicarbonate, and increases blood pH. This study aims to identify the pattern of sodium bicarbonate use in CKD patients who experience metabolic acidosis including type, dose, route, interval, and duration of drug administration at Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital. This study was conducted in the form of observational research by analyzing descriptively and retrospectively collecting data using Health Record data of patients who underwent hospitalization in the period 01 January 2022 – 31 December 2022. Based on the research that has been carried out, it is concluded that patients who meet the therapeutic targets are 23 patients (96%), indicated by the pattern of sodium bicarbonate use only used singly in all CKD patients with metabolic acidosis as many as 24 patients (100%), the most dose is (3x500mg) po as many as 20 patients (83%), with a duration of administration ≤ 5 days as many as 19 patients (79%). The suggestions that researchers convey are research that has been carried out, can be used as a reference and further guidance.

Evaluation of Pioglitazone Vildagliptin Combination on Lipid Profiles for Outpatients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Kusumaningrum, Yunita Dyah; Firandi, Adelia; Hasmono, Didik; Aryani, Dhita; Wardhani, Firdha Aprillia
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 7 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/jfm.v7i2.2645

Pioglitazone and vildagliptin combination is one of the recommended alternatives as antidiabetic therapy to achieve the therapeutic target. This combination with complementary mechanisms of action can improve lipid profiles. This study aims to evaluate lipid profile achievement for outpatients with Type II DM on administering pioglitazone/vildagliptin combination therapy. Methods of the study were an observational prospective study in outpatients with Type II DM who use pioglitazone/vildagliptin combination at RS. Bhayangkara Surabaya during November 2021 – April 2022. Patients were included if aged between 18-80 y.o, used this combination ? 3 months before the study, HbA1C >7%, and were voluntarily involved by signing the informed consent. Laboratory examination of HbA1c, HDL-C, and triglycerides was done initially when patients were voluntarily involved as baseline data and after 3 months as post-data. The final sample in this study consisted of 25 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study show mean value of HDL-C significantly increases from baseline to endpoint (p < 0.05). At the end of 3 months, the lipid profile of HDL-C and triglyceride increases by 30% and 4%, respectively, in patients who achieve the target compared to baseline conditions. The combination therapy of pioglitazone and vildagliptin improved lipid profile control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 3 months of treatment.

Evaluation of Fondaparinux Use on Kidney Function in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Decreased eGFR Putri Nurhidayah, Eka; Didik Hasmono; Ruddy Hartono
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 7 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/jfm.v7i2.2731

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased hospitalization rates among patients with multisystem complications, including coagulation disorders and decreased renal function. Fondaparinux, a synthetic anticoagulant with a lower risk of thrombocytopenia, is often used as an alternative to heparin. However, its use in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains debatable, as its elimination is dependent on renal function. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of fondaparinux on renal function, specifically examining changes in eGFR and serum creatinine levels in COVID-19 patients with impaired renal function during treatment at Bhayangkara South Surabaya Hospital. Methods: This research employed a retrospective observational quantitative approach, involving COVID-19 patients who received fondaparinux at the inpatient facility of Bhayangkara Hospital from June 2020 to October 2021. Data were collected from the medical records of patients during their hospitalization, including fondaparinux dosage and eGFR and serum creatinine values, as well as other relevant clinical parameters. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test was conducted to assess significant differences in serum creatinine and eGFR values following fondaparinux administration. Results: Of the 535 patients analyzed, 56 medical records met the inclusion criteria. The results of the Wilcoxon test analysis showed that there was a significant increase in eGFR (p-value 0.012, CI 95%; p-value 0.043, CI 95%; p-value 0.000, CI 95%), a substantial decrease in SCr (p-value 0.035, CI 95%; p-value 0.043, CI 95%; p-value 0.000, CI 95%) based on each degree of COVID-19 severity. Conclusion: The use of fondaparinux may improve kidney function, as indicated by significant decrease in serum creatinine and an increase in eGFR. Furthermore, no bleeding incidents were observed during the use of fondaparinux.

Studi Penggunaan Asam Traneksamat pada Penderita Tuberkulosis dengan Hemoptisis di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Surabaya Yuni, Santi Eka; Hasmono, Didik; Kasih, Elisabeth; Ayumuyas, Nur Palestin
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Terapan (Journal of Pharmacy Science and Practice) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jfst.v5i1.2051

Tuberculosis is one of the world's health problems, especially in developing countries with coughing in the form of blood (hemoptysis) as a sign of this disease. Tranexamic acid can be used as one of the treatments for hemoptysis. Tranexamic acid is a synthesis derivative of aminolenic acid which provides antifibrinolytic effects through reversible blocking of lysine binding sites on plasminogen molecules and inhibits plasmin. This study aims to analyze the pattern of use of tranexamic acid in tuberculosis patients with hemoptysis including dosage, frequency and duration of use in the Outpatient Installation of Surabaya Haji General Hospital. The study was conducted observationally with a retrospective method on medical records of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis with hemoptysis and received treatment for tranexamic acid, then analyzed descriptively. Sampling was done by purposive sampling, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. From the results of the study, the use of tranexamic acid single dose (3x500mg) as many as 2 patients (67%), 500 mg intravenously as many as 1 patient (33%) and combination with Vitamin K as many as 3 patients. The highest duration of use was 3 days in 11 patients (56%). The use of tranexamic acid in hemoptysis patients related to dose, frequency and duration of use is in accordance with the existing literature.

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