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All Journal Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan E-Journal Of Animal Science Udayana University Pastura; Journal Of Tropical Forage Science Bumi Lestari Ecotrophic, Journal of Environmental Science Media Komunikasi Geografi Jurnal Ternak Tropika Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies Jurnal Bali Membangun Bali Suluh Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Pendidikan Jurnal Wilayah, Kota dan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan Pastura : Jurnal Ilmu Tumbuhan Pakan Ternak
I Wayan Suarna
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Udayana Bali
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Veterinary Other

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ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG DAN DAYA TAMPUNG LAHAN PERMUKIMAN KOTA DENPASAR I Kadek Fajar Arcana; Syamsul Alam Paturusi; I Wayan Suarna
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 15 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2021.v15.i02.p09

Abstract

Denpasar City is the capital city of Bali Province which has a rapid population growth rate every year. Along with the rapid population growth, this has an impact on meeting the needs of housing and other regional service facilities. The increasing number of population automatically causes an increase in the need for housing. Analysis of residential land supporting capacity and supply capability needed to preserve the environment. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach which describes and describes the results in the form of numbers or nominal values by explaining clearly either with the help of pictures, tables, or graphs. The quantitative data described are the population, land area and land capability area to support and accommodate housing as a place to live in Denpasar City. Based on the results of the analysis using the overlapping method and scoring using a GIS application. Denpasar City potential land to be developed as a residential area after being adjusted to the settlement plan in the Denpasar City Spatial Plan is available for 454,73 hectares of the total area of Denpasar City of 12,521 hectares or about 3.63% of land in Denpasar city. The capacity of Denpasar City houses is able to accommodate around 44.736 housing units and 178.943 residents. There are 2 sub-districts that are not able to accommodate the population in 2030, namely South Denpasar and North Denpasar. However, cumulatively, Denpasar City is still able to accommodate population growth in 2030 in obtaining residential land. Keywords: Supporting Capacity and Supply Capability; Residential Land; Denpasar City.
The STUDY OF SOLID WASTE AND ANALYSIS OF LOCAL PARTICIPATION IN LARANTUKA CITY OF EAST FLORES REGENCY Ajeng Anandra; I Wayan Suarna; Made Sudarma
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 12 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1142.438 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2018.v12.i02.p05

Abstract

Larantuka is the capital of East Flores Regency, which located in the most eastern part of Flores island and wellknown for its natural beauty. Despite the tourism potentiontial, the development of infrastructure is not sufficient, especially in solid waste management. Larantuka city itself doesn’t have a proper sanitary landfill facility, no recycle center and dizorganized management. This situation can be harmful for environment and the natural beauty of East Flores. The purpose of this study is to understand the waste management situation at the moment in East Flores District, how much waste that is produce everyday by all the activities and also the willingness of the people of Larantuka to participate in waste management. The result of this study shown that 60 % of the resident in Larantuka is dissatisfied of their neighbourhood environment because of the lack of waste mangement. The result of the survey Larantuka produce is 98 m3 per day, that consist of 60 m3 of organic matters, 17 m3 of plastic, and 15,3m3 of paper and others. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle are one of solution from this problems, but it needs cooperation between the residence, government and even private companies. Based on the questionaire 57 % of the residence in East Flores still does not understand what 3R or Reduce, Reuse and Recycle as a solution to overcome the problem. Keywords : Community participation; Solid waste; Larantuka; 3R
PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU WARGA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA) NEGERI DALAM PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN DI KECAMATAN DENPASAR SELATAN KOTA DENPASAR I MADE SUARTAMA; I Wayan Suarna; I Nyoman WARDI
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 6 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (770.094 KB)

Abstract

In responding to the policy of The Minister of Environment, The Minister of Education to encourage every school to develop a curriculum based on environment issues as well to develop active participation from everyone involve in the school environment with the aim of to create awareness and willingness in relation to environmental issues. The purpose of this research as follow: to determine the level and the difference in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among SMAN that do not implement environment-based curriculum with an environmentalbased curriculum in environmental management in the District of South Denpasar Denpasar City. This research was done through the method of survey with participants citizens SMA. The sample were involving 594 Senior High Students by implementing Proposional Stratified Random Sampling. The sample taken from participants who are receiving education based on a environment curriculum approach which were 208 in total. The sample taken from participants who are not receiving education based on environment curriculum approach were 384 in total. Data was collected by way of questionnaires using Likert Scale with high level proven validity and reliability. Data were analysed using descriptive and comparison methods. The result of this research is shown as followed: 1) The level of knowledge regarding environment issues is higher for those participants who are educated based on environment curriculum approach as compare to those students who have not been influenced by the same curriculum. 2) attitudes and behaviors of citizens in environmental management SMAN not apply the environment- based curriculum tends to be lower (less positive) than citizens who apply based curriculum SMAN environment, 3) There are very significant differences in knowledge, attitude, and behaviour between participants who are educated based on environment curriculum approach as compare to those participants who are not experiencing the same approach in their education. Positive influence and higher awareness of environmental issues are prevalent in those participants who are educated based on environment curriculum.
KAJIAN EKOLOGIS PENGELOLAAN TAMBAK UDANG DI DUSUN DANGIN MARGA DESA DELODBRAWAH KECAMATAN MENDOYO KABUPATEN JEMBRANA BALI Syachry Banun; Wayan Arthana; Wayan Suarna
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 3 No 1
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (145.765 KB)

Abstract

This study was conducted at the Village of Delodbrawah, Jembrana Regency, Bali. It was aimed to know the managementpattern available at the Village of Delodbrawah, the effect of maintenance to the water quality of shrimp pond and river, vegetationcondition and river biota. The study was conducted for approximately 3 months in each pond starting from January up to May 2007.Shrimp ponds found in the Village of Delodbrawah use intensive and semi intensive management with open system where thechange its water maximaly from well and river. Semi intensive pattern used vitamin C as a mixture of food and the intensive one usedgarlic (Allium sativum L) as antibiotic. The use of natural antibiotics can increase the age of the shrimps up to 96 days before it washarvested. While the one using other probiotics, the age of the shrimps was 88 – 90 days shorter after it was harvested.The data of water quality showed that pond 1 that used intensive system had more stable water quality parameter and supportthe culture compared with other blocks. At the end of the culture of PO4 and NO2 tends to increase blooming plankton such asChlorella sp, Oscillatoria sp, Cyclotella sp. But it did not affect the quality of river water which was still under the threshold ofstandard quality of water class III Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001 concerning theManagement of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control.Vegetation around the shrimp ponds were dominated by Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurm) in the location nearing the river estuary.From the production data pond 1 had the best production, related to the nipah functioning as bioremediator of surrounding waters.The other location is near palawija plants. The most prominent river biota is kijing (Bivalvia) which looked bigger and many innumbers in the location where there are two disposal channels, pond disposal and agricultural channel that transports higher organicsubstance to be disposed to the river. Affectiveness of the intensive pond management optimally produces the oldest age of 96 days, the harvest of 3,964 – 4,271kg/1500 m2, Survival Rate (SR) of 98% and Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR) of 1,32
PEMANFAATAN METODE AERASI DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH BERMINYAK Made Arsawan; I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa; Wayan Suarna
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 2 No 2
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Abstract

Oily waste can pollute environment. One of the method used to process the oily waste is aerationmethod. This researce is carried out by taking oily waste PT. Indonesia Power Business Unit Electric PowerStation Bali at Pasanggaran Denpasar, aimed at increase quality of the waste.The sampel used is waste of PT. Indonesia Power Electric Power Station Business Unit of Bali. Thesampel is intercepted and retained in a retaining box, and 11,12 litters are then taken to be put intotreatment tank. Aeration treatment duration given varies, such as 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hoursfor the sampel with air flow speed of 0,6m/s. The treatment is also done with adding sampel with mud of 1%of the whole sampel volume. The relation between Aerating duration with oil contents, oil layer, BOD value,COD value, TDS value and TSS value will be analyzed with simple correlation and descriptive analysis.Aeration treatment can reduce the contents of oil in waste and separate oil accumulated in the waterso that the oil can be depressed up. Aeration treatment can also lower BOD value, COD value, TDS valueand TSS value because giving oxygen in to waste will meet the needs of oxygen of disentanglingmicroorganism in the waste water and the needs of oxygen for oxidation of chemicals in the waste.Therefore, aeration treatment can increase quality of the waste.
PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN BONGA KANA (Canna indica L) DALAM MENYERAP LIMBAH DETERJEN PADA BERBAGAI JENIS TANAH JOSINA I B HUTUBESSY; I Wayan Suarna; IDA AYU ASTARINI
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 7 No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Abstract

Utilization of detergent in daily life has been widespread due to its effective cleaning features in comparison to ordinary soaps. Detergent has been used by small scale in households and laundry firms, and by large in industries. As detergent utilization increased, its accumulative effects on environment become alarming. he experiment was conducted to determine the effect of detergent on the various in order to investigate the influence of detergent waste on different types of soils and its impacts on growth of Canna flower (Canna indica L.). Experiment was carried out at green house at Animal Science Faculty, University of Udayana. The research was carried out for seven months; from January till July 2012, using Randomized Block Design with two factorial. The first factor is the type of soil consisting of Land P1 = Vertisol soil, P2 = Inceptisol soil and P3 = Andisol soil. Second, detergent waste factor which divided into treatments respectively Lo = control, L1 = 500 ml, L2 1000 ml, L3 = 1500 ml. so that there are 12 combinations of treatments;, Each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that statistically soil types has high significantly influenced on plant height at 30 Days after planting (DAP), 44 DAP, 58 DAP, 100 DAP; upper plant weight, and dry oven weight, detergent waste pH 30 HST, detergent waste temperature 44 HST, available N and available P. Different soil types also produced significant effects on COD 72 and 86 DAP. depending on different types of soil physical properties of soil pH, soil texture, ability of plant to absorb nutrition Canna flower is able to absorb. Canna flower plant uptake efficiency for Vertisol soils 90%, 68%, 46.66% ; lnceptisol 96,6 %, 78%, 60% ; and soil types Andisol 83%, 53%, 36.66% for detergent waste levels at 500 ml, 1000 ml and 1500 ml. Filtration different types of with soil and flowers kanna can lower the pH detergent wastes, detergents and sewage temperature of COD.
POTENSI ENERGI LISTRIK YANG DIHASILKAN DARI EMISI GAS METANA DI TPA SUWUNG PROVINSI BALI Putu Dian Paramitha Dewi; I Wayan Suarna; I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 11 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (185.423 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2017.v11.i02.p04

Abstract

Waste is one source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) that has methane gas form which caused an early multi-dimensional, massive and complex problems. The rapid increase of garbage volume entering landfill, annually result a high garbage dumps in the Suwung Landfill area. It should have been considered a handing solution for example by converting the methane gas content in the waste into a useful value added product. The objective of this research is determining the amount of electrical energy that can be produced through methane gas emission at Suwung Landfill. The characteristic and composition of waste could give effect to the formation of methane emissions. The research on the composition and characteristic of waste were done by sorting 1 m3 of garbage sample from new garbage entering landfill. Garbage is divided based on the source of DLHK waste, market waste, and private waste. The volume of waste that went to Suwung Landfill in 2016 calculated 1.296.438 m3 which was dominated by organic waste (78,1%). The density of the waste that went into Suwung Landfill, based on the research's results, amounted to 135,09 kg / m3, there fore could be assumed that the weight of waste that went to Suwung Landfill in 2016 was 175.135,81 tons. Based on these data, the number of 136.785,13 tons of waste, which was organic waste, could increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere if this situation does not manage properly. Gravimeter method is using for measures the dry matter content value of waste. From the measurement, the results obtained the waste components that have the highest dry matter content is from rubber and leather garbage (76,52%) while the lowest dry matter is food waste (19,13%). By using calculations based on IPCC 2006, it was found that the amount of methane emissions could be generated by the waste at the Suwung Landfill in 2016, amounted to 3.535,06 tons. Based on the energy equivalence table, the electrical power that is generated from the potential methane emissions at the Suwung Landfill is 6,66 MW. Keywords: waste composition, waste characteristics, methane emissions, ipcc2006, electrical power.
ARAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN SUB DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) TELAGAWAJA PROVINSI BALI Karsun Karsun; I Nyoman Merit; I Wayan Suarna
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (150.833 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2015.v09.i01.p03

Abstract

Telagawaja Sub-Watershed is upper part watershed of Unda Watershed. As upper watershed, Telagawaja sub watershed has functions as conservation area, water catchment area, and managed in order to keep sub watershed environment not degradated. This research objectives are to identify the characteristics of the land, the function of the area, and the erosion potential rate (TBE), as well as land management recommendations on Telagawaja Sub-Watershed. The identification of land is conducted by analyzing the characteristics of thematic maps in study area. The directives of classification land function is determined by the Minister of Agriculture Number.837/Kpts/Um/ 11/1980 and Number: 683/Kpts/Um/8/1981. The prediction of actual erosion is calculated by USLE formula for the agriculture area, while non-agricultural land use is applied Snyder formula (1980) in Asdak (2010). Erosion class and erosion rate (TBE) are determined based on the Director General of Reforestation and Land Rehabilitation Department of Forestry Number.041/Kpts/V/1998. Determination for the amount of erosion is still can be allowed using the method of Thompson (1957) in Arsyad (2010) which based on soil properties attached to Telagawaja sub watershed. The research shows that Telagawaja Sub-Watershed characteristic is an area which is susceptible to erosion.The analysis shows that the direction of the area function Telagawaja sub-watershed consists of an area of 7337.28 Ha of protection forest (66.01%), and the function of a buffer area 3.778.31 Ha (33.99%). The result of the study on Telagawaja sub-watershed erosion is 2777.07 tonnes ha-1year-1. Erosion class and erosion rate of Telagawaja Sub-Watershed vary from very light to very severe. Erosion class and erosion rate (TBE) with category severe to very severe consist an area of 2.071,97 ha (18,64 %) from total sub-watershed area. Land use planning implemented by applying alternative measures of soil and water conservation can reduce the rate of erosion of 2777.07 tonnes ha-1year-1 to 611.00 tonnes ha-1year-1 or less 2166.07 tonnes ha- 1year-1.
ANALISIS POTENSI CADANGAN KARBON UNTUK PENGELOLAAN HUTAN DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM DANAU BUYAN-DANAU TAMBLINGAN Bernadina Paulinda Maku; I Wayan Suarna; I Wayan Diara
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 14 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2020.v14.i02.p06

Abstract

Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Danau Buyan-Danau Tamblingan one of the forest ecosystems that are rich in biodiversity. The information about carbon stocks stored at the surface of the soil is very important to know in order to improvements can be made to the cultivation technique, plant type selection, and right forest management to maintain and increase carbon stocks. The study aimed: calculating and knowing the factors behind the difference carbon stocks above ground level, litter, and soil at Buyan Lake forest and Tamblingan Lake forest and formulating management strategy of TWA Danau Buyan-Danau Tamblingan for supports increased forest carbon stocks. Whereases the measurements carbon stock at medium, low and high density. To formulate management directives used the SWOT analysis. The result of this study is: carbon stocks in above ground level, litter and soil at Buyan Lake forest smaller than Tamblingan Lake forest, with the following details Buyan Lake forest, was: 613.03 ton/ha, 62.56 ton/ha and 125.443 ton/ha whereas Tamblingan Lake forest was: 768.93 ton/ha, 105.26 ton/ha and 360.711 ton/ha, factors causing differences in carbon stocks at Buyan Lake forest and Tamblingan Lake Forest is the variety of plants that dominate and the human activity. Management strategy of TWA is: provide assistance to the community to proposing Izin Pengusahaan Pariwisata Alam (IPPA), facilitated indigenous villages to gain recognition of customary forests and formulated awig-awig as local wisdom in management of TWA Danau Buyan-Danau Tamblingan. Keywords: Carbon stock; Forest management strategies; analysis SWOT; TWA Danau Buyan Danau Tamblingan.
PENGARUH NILAI OKTAN BAHAN BAKAR DAN PUTARAN MESIN PADA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK EMISI GAS BUANG I P Sastra Negara; I W Budiarsa Suyasa; I W Suarna
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 4 No 2
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (287.82 KB)

Abstract

The air pollution that is occurring currently is main by caused by the use of motor vehicle that consequently it lead to the increasing fuel consumptions as the main source enrgy for transportation equipment. The fuel that is used in the vehicle comes in several types. In the market its differences show by the octane numbers that can contribute different effect to the environment due to their combustion processes. The road conditions through which the vehicles move are the major factors that can trigger the growth of pollution to the surrounding. It is predicted that about 70% of the air pollutions is caused by the motor vehicle emissions.This research was fully conducted in the laboratorium. Three types of fuel with different octane numbers were used in this research. Premium with octane number 88, Pertamax with octane number 92, and Biopertamax with octane number 91. The engine speeds were also varied from 500 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000 rpm, 3500 rpm, to 4000 rpm. For every type of fuel, the engine was run five times for every engine speed in order to obtain the exhausted gas characteristics from the vehicles to the environment.The result of the research shows that at engine speed of 2500 rpm the CO emission for each type of fuel : Premium with octane number 88 is 0,415%, Pertamax with octane number 92 is 0,556%, and Biopertamax with octane number 91 is 0,273%. The octane number also effects the CO2, HC, and NOx emissions in small quantities. Statistical analysis shows both the engine speed and the octane number contribute significant effects on the exhaust emissions, the CO and HC emissions provided negative effects, while the CO2 and NOx emissions get positive effects. In comparisan to with the vehicle speed on the road from secondary data to represent the engine speed in the laboratorium, and assuming that the traffic density is identical to a factor that determining engine speed, it can be concluded that the air pollution by CO emission due to the characteristics of the road has negative influence.The octane number of the fuel and the engine speed gives a significant effect. The traffic density and the road conditions can trigger the level of the concentration of CO gas as pollutants to the surrounding air.
Co-Authors A. W. Puger Abd. Rahman As-syakur Abdur Rahman Ajeng Anandra Al Fattah R. F. Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi Angelina Puspita Sandy Arista Pratama I W. Arnawa I W. AWANG ERRY SOFYAR IRAWAN Bernadina Paulinda Maku Bernard A.R Mendes Correia, Lígia Tomás D. Ariyati DARJO DARJO Deswanto . Dewa Arya Dwiyana Diningtyas A.S. Domingos Mesquita GEDE WIJANA I G. Lanang Oka Cakra I Gede Mahardika I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma I Kadek Fajar Arcana I Ketut Mangku Budiasa I M. Mudita I Made Antara I Made Saka Wijaya I Made Sara Wijana I MADE SUARTAMA I MADE SUDARMA I Nyoman Dibia I NYOMAN MERIT I Nyoman Sudipa I NYOMAN SUMANTRA I Nyoman Suparta I Nyoman Wardi I P Sastra Negara I Putu Gede Didik Widiarta I PUTU PRANA WIRAATMAJA, I PUTU PRANA I W BUDIARSA SUYASA I Wayan Arthana I Wayan Diara I WAYAN GEDE WIRYANTARA I Wayan Redi Aryanta I Wayan Redi Aryanta I Wayan Rusna I Wayan Sandi Adnyana I WAYAN WINDIA I WAYAN WIRAWAN I. Putu Yudiandika I. W. Agus Eka Subrata Jaya I.G. Mahardika I.W. Diara I.W. Rusna Ida Ayu Alit Laksmiwati IDA AYU ASTARINI Ida Bagus Sudana Jose de Assis Moniz Josina Irene Brigita Hutubessy Karsun Karsun Kusnaedi I K. L. Doloksaribu Lígia Tomás Correia M. Sudiana Mahendra Made Armadi Made Arsawan Made Sudarma Made Sudarma Magna Anuraga Putra Duarsa Markarius Doni Martini Hartawan N. N. Suryani N.N. Suryani Ni Ketut Ayu Juliasih Ni Luh Gde Sumardani Ni Luh Gede Ambarawati Ni Luh Gede Sudaryati Ni Made Witariadi Ni Nyoman Candraasih Kusumawati Ni Nyoman Suryani NI PUTU MARIANI Ni Putu Massuli Adi Ni Putu Sarini Ni Putu Sarini Ni Putu Sri Cynthia Dewi Ni Wayan Tatik Inggriati Nica Ardiansyach Lukmana Putu Dian Paramitha Dewi Shinta E. Maharani Sri Anggreni Lindawati Sri Anggreni Lindawati Sri Wahyuni S. S. Suyoga, I Putu Gede Syachry Banun Syamsul Alam Paturusi T.I. Putri Tifani A. A. Trysia Achriyuni Valentina F. D. Widnyana I G.