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In Vitro Effect of Alfa Mangostin on Multiresistant Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Rakhmawatie, Maya Dian; Rohmani, Afiana; Ahyar, Fariz Wafaul
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 8, No 1 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (761.141 KB) | DOI: 10.30659/sainsmed.v8i1.1002

Abstract

Introduction: In Indonesia, the most commom uropatogen E. coli resistance has been to ampicillin (91.9%), ciprof loxacin (83.7%) and cefixime (67.6%). α-mangostin, a chemical compound, has been developed as a new antibiotics isolaated from herbal Garcinia mangostana L, but its effectiveness against multiresistant uropathogenic E. Coli has not been established.Objective: This study examined the effect of α-mangostin on growth of multiresistant E. coliMethods: α-mangostin Treatment of E. coli uropatogen bacteria was administered in vitro, using 14 levels of concentration 14; 28,13; 56.25; 112.5;225; And 450 μg/mL with 4 times replication at each concentration. The antibacterial activity of α-mangostin was determined by evaluating bacterial growth at each concentration using the indirect method by sample absorbance reading. The Samples of uropatogen of E. coli treated with various doses of α-mangostin were incubated for 18-20 hours and then subjected to the absorbance reading using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer λ 625 nm.Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in this study was 450 mg/mL. Based on linear regression (STATA 13.1) relationship betweenα-mangostin concentrations and bacterial growth inhibition activity showed 0.0001 <0.05 showing that all concentrations of α-mangostin simultaneously had a significant effect on the growth of uropathogenic E. coli.Conclusion: α-mangostin has not been effective to inhibit the growth of multiresistent uropathogentic E. coli due to a relatively high MIC (450 mcg/mL).a Potentially relevant activity in the clinical setting will occur if the value of the MIC of a substance in vitro <100 μg /mL. Even the pharmaceutical industry prefers the development of antibiotics with in vitro MIC value of ≤ 2 μg/mL.
Rokok Elektrik dan Rokok Konvensional Merusak Alveolus Paru Afiana Rohmani; Noor Yazid; Aulia Ajeng Rahmawati
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Unimus Vol 1 (2018): Hilirisasi & Komersialisasi Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat untuk Indonesia
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

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Abstract

Rokok elektrik merupakan alat inovasi dalam usaha menghentikan kebiasaan merokok. Rokok elektrik juga dianggap lebih aman dibandingkan dengan rokok konvensional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan   kerusakan alveolus paru pada tikus Rattus norvegicus terhadap paparan asap rokok elektrik dan rokok konvensional. Penelitian ini merupakan true eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only control group design.  Sampel  adalah  tikus  Rattus  norvegicus  dengan  jumlah  18  ekor  dibagi  dalam  3  kelompok,  yakni kelompok K sebagai kelompok kontrol negative ; kelompok P1 dipapar asap rokok konvensional ; kelompok P2 dipapar asap rokok elektrik. Sampel diperlakukan selama 28 hari.   Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan uji Mann Whitney dengan p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat  perbedaan yang signifikan pada kerusakan alveolus pada ketiga kelompok  (p=0,012).  Dengan uji Mann whitney didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok K dan P1  (p=0,011), kelompok K dan P2  (p=0,014). Namun antar kelompok P1 dan P2 tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p=0,575). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini  adalah bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kerusakan alveolus paru pada tikus yang dipapar rokok konvensional   dan rokok elektrik. Kata kunci: kerusakan alveolus, rokok konvensional, rokok elektrik
Mengenalkan COVID-19 pada Anak Melalui Media Poster Edukasi Kanti Ratnaningrum; Afiana Rohmani; Oky Rahma Prihandani; Hema Dewi Anggraheny; Nina Anggraeni Novitasari; Dyah Mustika Nugraheni
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Unimus Vol 4 (2021): Inovasi Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Post Pandemi Covid-19 Menuju Indonesia Tangguh
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

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Sampai saat ini COVID-19 masih menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia. COVID-19 tidak hanya di deritaorang dewasa tetapi juga pada anak-anak oleh karena ini perlu dilakukan upaya edukasi pengenalanCOVID-19 pada anak-annak. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di TPQ Mujaahidin dengan pembagian kelompokberdasarkan kelas. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dibagi 3 kelompok. Edukasi ini dilakukan melaluiperagaan poster dengan pendampingan fasilitator setiap kelompok. Kegiatan ini dapat meningkatakanpengetahuan anak-anak perihal COVID-19 dan pencegahannya. Kata Kunci: edukasi, poster, COVID-19, anak.
Perbedaan Motilitas Spermatozoa Setelah Pemberian Infusa Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang Dipapar Timbal : Studi In Vivo Fachru Riza Achmad; Afiana Rohmani; Kanti Ratnaningrum
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Unimus Vol 1 (2018): Hilirisasi & Komersialisasi Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat untuk Indonesia
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

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Abstract

Masyarakat Indonesia memanfaatkan jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) sebagai obat tradisional dengan bentuk rebusan/ infusa. Jahe merah memiliki komponen senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki efek afrodisiaka yang menetralisir radikal bebas sehingga mampu meningkatkan motilitas, viabilitas, total serum testosteron, dan presentasi spermatozoa. Paparan radikal bebas oleh timbal dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas sperma. Masih jarangnya penelitian yang menggunakan jahe merah serta tingginya potensi radikal bebas maka peneliti ingin mengetahui efek infusa jahe merah terhadap motilitas dan morfologi spermatozoa tikus wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang dipapar timbal. Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan Post Test Control Group Design dengan simple random sampling. Tikus wistar yang dipilih sesuai dengan dengan kriteria inklusi jenis kelamin jantan, sehat, umur 2-3 bulan, berat 150-200 gr dan eksklusi cacat secara anatomis.Penelitian dilakukan selama 36 hari (7 hari adaptasi, 28 hari perlakuan, 1 hari pemeriksaan) dan dibagi secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok (a) kelompok kontrol negatif (K-), (b) kelompok kontrol positif (K+) diberikan timbal dosis 0,3% oral 2ml/200gBB, (c) kelompok perlakuan (P1) menggunakan timbal dosis 0,3% oral 2ml/200gBB dan infusa jahe merah dosis 10% oral 2ml/200gBB, (d) kelompok perlakuan (P2) menggunakan timbal dosis 0,3% oral 2ml/200gBB dan infusa jahe merah dosis 40% oral 2ml/200gBB. Terminasi dilakukan di hari ke 36 untuk pengamatan motilitas serta morfologi. Aanalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallisdan uji Mann Whitney. Hasilnya, terdapat perbedaan motilitas spermatozoa yang signifikan (p=0,001) pada kelompok perlakuan sedangkan tidak terdapat perbedaan morfologi spermatozoa yang signifikan (p=0,549) pada kelompok perlakuan. Kesimpulan daripenelitian ini adalah  bahwa terdapat perbedaan motilitas spermatozoa setelah pemberian infusa jahe merah pada tikus wistar yang dipapar timbal.Kata kunci: infusa jahe merah, motilitas spermatozoa, tikus wistar
Efektivitas Perlakuan Kombinatif Plasma Medis dan Ekstrak Daun Sirih untuk Mempercepat Penyembuhan Luka Fase Proliferasi pada Model Mencit Diabetik Eka Sakti Wahyuningtyas; Nasruddin Nasruddin; Heni Setyowati Esti Rahayu; Heni Lutfiyati; Isabella Meliawati Sikumbang; Laela Hayu Nurani; Afiana Rohmani; Nia Salsabila; Gela Setya Ayu Putri
Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan Vol 15, No 2 (2019): JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN KEPERAWATAN
Publisher : LPPM UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH GOMBONG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26753/jikk.v15i2.378

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The continued increase in the number of people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is a serious problem. One of the big problems for people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the emergence of complications of diabetic wounds. To date the strategy for treatment of diabetic wounds has been limited to the use of wound dressing, cell therapy and oxygen therapy. The problem is that the strategy is not fully successful. Thus, it is very important to look for new strategies to improve the quality of diabetic wound healing, such as by applying a combination of plasma medicine and local natural product, like the extraction of Daun sirih (Piper betle) leaves. Plasma medicine is a relatively new and multidisciplinary study involving plasma science, biomedical, pharmaceutical and other health sciences aimed at applying plasma to therapeutic health. Plasma is the fourth phase of matter, after the solid, liquid and gas phase. The medical aspects of plasma are related to the ability of plasma to produce biological molecules Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS). If RONS is controlled in the right dosage it can be efficacious for health therapy. This study intends to examine the effects of combinative treatment of plasma medicine and Piper betel leaf extract for proliferation phase of wound healing in diabetic small animal model. This study used male Balb c mice with acute wounds which were divided into 5 groups, namely groups of untreated normal mice (ND-TP), groups of untreated diabetic mice (D-TP), groups of diabetic mice wounds with Piper betel leaf extract (DS ), the wound group of diabetic mice with plasma medicine (DP) and the wound group of diabetic mice with plasma medicine and Piper betel leaf (DPS). The plasma medicine was treated on wound with condition non-contact style (the plasma jet did not touch the wound) with a distance of plasma jet reactor nozzle to the surface of wound about 20 mm, for 2 minutes, every day. Macroscopic observation of wounds is carried out every day from day 0 to 7. On day 7 it was seen that the size of the wound area for D-P-S was smaller than the other groups. The results of this study indicated that Piper betel leaf extract can potentially be used to optimize the performance of plasma medicine in accelerating diabetic wound healing during the proliferation phase. Further investigation, however, is important to be conducted to study the effect for all phases of wound healing and its mechanism histo-pathologically.
Skrining Diabetes Mellitus Melalui Pemeriksaan dan Konsultasi Hasil Gula Darah di Rumah Pelayanan Sosial Purnamasari, Rina; Rakhmawatie, Maya Dian; Diatri, Devita; Rohmani, Afiana
JURNAL INOVASI DAN PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA Vol 2 No 4 (2023): Oktober
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/jipmi.v2i4.161

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Latar belakang: Diabetes mellitus (DM) adalah penyakit tidak menular yang ditandai dengan kadar gula darah melebihi normal. Cara mudah untuk mendeteksi apakah terdapat potensi mengalami diabetes yaitu dengan pengecekan kadar gula darah. Tujuan: Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan screening DM melalui pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah dan konsultasi hasil gula darah sewaktu di Rumah Pelayanan Sosial Pucang Gading, Semarang. Metode: Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah lansia yang berjumlah 50 orang. Waktu pelaksanaan yaitu pada Rabu, 31 Mei 2023. Kegiatan meliputi pemeriksaan cek gula darah sewaktu (GDS) dilanjutkan dengan konsultasi hasil gula darah. Hasil: Sebanyak 50 lansia yang ikut berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan ini sebagian besar adalah perempuan (62%), laki – laki (28%). Dari hasil pemeriksan GDS didapatkan rerata kadar GDS 152.12 gr/dl. Lansia yang tidak menderita DM (91%). Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar lansia memiliki kadar GDS yang normal. Namun, tetap perlu dilakukan upaya deteksi dini supaya tidak terjadi komplikasi Diabetes Mellitus. Kata kunci: diabetes mellitus, gula darah sewaktu, lansia __________________________________________________________________________________ Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease characterized by abnormal blood sugar levels. An easy way to detect whether there is potential for diabetes is to check blood sugar levels. Objective: This activity aims to screen for DM by checking blood glucose levels and consulting blood sugar results. Method: The target of this activity is the 50 elderly in the Rumah Pelayanan Sosial Pucang Gading, Semarang City. This activity was carried out on Wednesday, 31st of May, 2023. After implementation, random blood sugar examination then continued with consultation on blood sugar results. Result: A total of 50 elderly who participated in this activity were mostly women (62%), and men (28%). From the random blood sugar examination results, the average random blood sugar level was 152.12 gr/dl. Elderly who did not suffer from DM (91%). Conclusion: Most of the elderly have normal random blood sugar levels. However, early prevention is still needed to prevent complications of Diabetes Mellitus.  Keywords: diabetes mellitus, elderly, random blood sugar level
Efek Pemberian Kombinasi Siprofloksasin dan A-Mangostin Secara In Vitro Terhadap Eradikasi Uropatogen Escherichia Coli Rakhmawatie, Maya Dian; Rohmani, Afiana
MAGNA MEDICA Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 1, No 2 (2015): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (176.8 KB) | DOI: 10.26714/magnamed.1.2.2015.191-199

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Effect of In Vitro Combination of Ciprofloxacin and A-Mangostin on Eradication of Uropathogen Escherichia ColiBackground: The percentage of resistance Escherichia coli (E. coli) in patients with UTI to ciprofloxacin reached 73.04%. Various attempts to maximize the use of antibiotics have been done, including optimizing the parameters pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK / PD) of each antibiotic. Another effort is needed to optimize the use of antibiotic treatment that has been available, one of which combines the use of compounds derived from herbs, eg active compounds a-mangostin.Objective: The purpose of this study is to find the effect of the combination of á-mangostin and ciprofloxacin on uropathogen E. coli (UPEC) eradication.Methods: This research was carried out by treating the bacteria uropathogenE. coli (UPEC) in vitro. Treatment is divided into (a) treatment groups using ciprofloxacin concentration Cmax at 500 mg dose (2,4 μg/mL), (b) treatment groups using ciprofloxacin concentration Cmax at 750 mg dose (4,3 μg/mL), (c) treatment groups using ciprofloxacin concentration 2,4 μg/mL and a-mangostin concentration 0,18 μg/mL, (d) treatment groups using ciprofloxacin concentration 4,3 μg/mL and a-mangostin concentration 0,18 μg/mL.Result: states that a combination of á-mangostin and ciprofloxacin can prevent the growth of uropathogen E. coli ciprofloxacin-resistant strains (MIC value of 128 μg/mL) compared to administration of ciprofloxacin alone, but the effect was not significant. On uropathogen E coli sensitive to ciprofloxacin (MIC 0,008 μg/mL) and intermediate (MIC 0,5 μg/mL), there was no difference effect of decreasing the number of colonies between awarding a combination of ciprofloxacin and á-mangostin compared administering ciprofloxacin only.Conclusion: Provision of á-mangostin grading 0,18 μg/mL combined with ciprofloxacin had no real benefit in eradicating uropathogen E. coli, which is tested in vitro.
Gastric Histopathological Image of Winstar Rats Induced by Ethanol After Red Ginger Extract Administration Rohmani, Afiana; Shobri, Lilik Maula; Yazid, Noor; Purnamasari, Rina
MAGNA MEDICA Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 11, No 1 (2024): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/magnamed.11.1.2024.21-28

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Background:  Alcohol can cause damage to the gastric mucosal barrier and reverse diffusion of HCL which results in damage to gastric tissue. The flavonoids in red ginger act as exogenous antioxidants which can ward off free radicals which reduce damage to the gastric mucosa caused by alcohol.Objective: To determine the differences in the histopathology of the rats gastric induced by 40% ethanol after administration of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) extract at graded doses.Methods: A post-test only group design method. 25 rats samples were divided into 5 groups: K(-) standard feed; K(+) ethanol 40% 1.8ml/200g/day; P1 red ginger extract 250mg/KgBW; P2 red ginger extract 500mg/KgBW; and P3 red ginger extract 750mg/KgBW. After 60 minutes, 40% ethanol was given at a dose of 1.8ml/200g/day. Treatment was carried out for 30 days, then on day 31 termination was carried out and gastric histopathology preparations were made with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Calculation of hull damage scores using the Barthel-Manja criteria. Analysis of differences in gastric mucosal damage between groups using the Kruskal Wallis Test and Mann Withney Test.Results: The difference between groups obtained significant results (p=0.003). There were significant differences between the K- and K+ groups (p=0.016), the K- and P1 groups (p=0.032), between the K- and P2 groups (p=0.032), between the K+ and P3 groups (p =0.032). Conclusion: Administration of red ginger extract at a dose of 750mg/KgBW was proven to be effective in preventing damage to the gastric mucosa induced by 40% ethanol.
Efek Ekstrak Kulit Manggis Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Hepar Tikus Wistar Yang Diinduksi Formalin Rohmani, Afiana; Rakhmawatie, Maya Dian
MAGNA MEDICA Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 1, No 2 (2015): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (118.708 KB) | DOI: 10.26714/magnamed.1.2.2015.88-95

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Effects of Mangosteen Peel Extract on Histopathological Appearance of Wistar Rats Induced by FormalinBackground: Formalin chemical idamage can stimulate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds that can cause cellular damage to the body. Mangosteen rind is known as a natural antioxidant due to its xanton content.Objective: To determine the effect of mangosteen peel extract on liver histopathology in Wistar rats induced by formalin solution.Methods: 24 rats were divided into 4 groups. The first group is a negative control group (K-), only given a placebo until the termination period. The second group was a positive control group (K+) which was induced by oral formalin for 21 days, then was given a placebo for 7 days. The third group as Treatment group 1 (P1) were induced by oral formalin for 21 days and then given mangosteen peel extract 200mg/kg BW/day for 7 days. The fourth group as Treatment group 2 (P2) were induced by oral formalin for 21 days and then given mangosteen peel extract 400mg/kg BW/day for 7 days. After that, the rats were terminated and their livers were taken to make histopathological preparations.Results: There was a significant difference (p=0.008) in the histopathological picture of liver tissue in the group of rats given mangosteen peel extract 400mg/kg BW/day (P2) and the positive control group (P2). K+). There was no significant difference (p=0.715) in the histopathological picture of liver tissue in the group of rats given mangosteen peel extract 200mg/kg BW/day (P1) and the positive control group (K+). There was a significant difference (0.00) in the histopathological picture of the liver tissue of the negative control group (K-) with the three groups that were induced by formalin, either given mangosteen peel extract (P1 and P2) or not (K+).  Latar Belakang : Jejas kimia formalin dapat memacu terbentuknya senyawa reactive oxygen species (ROS) yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan seluler jtubuh. Kulit manggis dikenal sebagai antioksidan alamiah dari kandungan xanton di dalamnya. Tujuan: mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak kulit manggis terhadap gambaran histopatologi hepar pada tikus wistar yang diinduksi larutan formalin. Metode Penelitian: 24 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok . Kelompok pertama merupakan kelompok kontrol negatif (K-), hanya diberi placebo saja hingga masa terminasi. Kelompok kedua merupakan kelompok kontrol positif (K+) yang diinduksi formalin peroral selama 21 hari, kemudian diberi placebo selama 7 hari. Kelompok ketiga sebagai kelompok Perlakuan 1 (P1) yang diinduksi formalin peroral selama 21 hari kemudian diberi ekstrak kulit manggis 200mg/kg BB/hari selama 7 hari. Kelompok keempat sebagai kelompok Perlakuan 2 (P2) yang diinduksi formalin peroral selama 21 hari kemudian diberi ekstrak kulit manggis 400mg/kg BB/hari selama 7 hari. Setelah itu tikus diterminasi dan diambil organ heparnya untuk dibuat preparat histopatologi. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,008) gambaran histopatologi jaringan hepar pada kelompok tikus yang diberi ekstrak kulit manggis 400mg/kg BB/hari (P2) dengan kelompok kontrol positif (K+). Tidak terdapat perbedaanyang signifikan (p=0,715) gambaran histopatologi jaringan hepar pada kelompok tikus yang diberi ekstrak kulit manggis 200mg/kg BB/hari (P1) dengan kelompok kontrol positif (K+). Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (0,00) gambaran histopatologi jaringan hepar kelompok kontrol negatif (K-) dengan ketiga kelompok yang diinduksi formalin, baik diberi ekstrak kulit manggis (P1 dan P2) maupun yang tidak (K+)
Pengaruh Hidrogel Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia(Ten.) Stennis) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Insisi pada Tikus Wistar Muhammad Hafizh Hilmi; Eko Krisnarto; Afiana Rohmani
Vitalitas Medis : Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Vitalitas Medis : Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/vimed.v2i1.1083

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Background. The paradigm of treatment using herbal plants is still attached to the Indonesian people for wound healing. One of the plants that is often used for treatment and has the effect of accelerating wound, is the binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia). The aim of this study is to determine the effect of hydrogel of binahong leaf extract (Anredera Cordifolia(Ten.) Stennis) on the healing of incisional wounds in wistar rats. Method. This study uses a True Experimental research design with the Post Test Only Control Group Design method. The samples were 30 wistar Rattus norvegicus rats, divided into 5 groups, namely: K (control group), P1 (was given 10% puvidone iodine ointment), P2 (was given 5% binahong leaf extract hydrogel), P3 (was given 10% binahong leaf extract hydrogel), P4 (was given 20% binahong leaf extract hydrogel). The treatment was carried out for 14 days. Wound examination was carried out on days 1,3,6,9,12,14. The REEDA score parameter were used to assess wound healing. Result. The bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon paired difference test in each experimental group showed a significant difference only in group P2 (was given 5% binahong leaf extract hydrogel) with group K (control group), group P1 (was given 10% puvidone iodine ointment) and group P2 (was given 5% binahong leaf extract hydrogel) during days 12 and 14. incision wound compared to groups P3 and P4 on the same day. The average score of the REEDA scale on days 1,3,6,9,12, and 14, the most significant incisional wound healing in wistar rats was given hydrogel binahong leaf extract with a concentration of 5%. Conclusion. There is an effectiveness of healing incision wounds in wistar rats by giving hydrogel binahong leaf extract. The hydrogel binahong leaf extract 5% is the most significant concentration assessed from the average REEDA scale score.