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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian E-jurnal Agro-Industri Indonesia Forum Pasca Sarjana International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE) International Journal of Renewable Energy Development TEKNIK Teknotan: Jurnal Industri Teknologi Pertanian Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Microbiology Indonesia Majalah Kedokteran Bandung BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology AL KAUNIYAH Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika (JITEKI) Agrointek Jurnal AgroBiogen Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Jurnal Litbang Industri Science and Technology Indonesia Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) EnviroScienteae EDUFORTECH IJEMS (Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability) Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal Menara Perkebunan Teknologi Indonesia STI Policy and Management Journal Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia PERENNIAL Wood Research Journal : Journal of Indonesian Wood Research Society Wood Research Journal : Journal of Indonesian Wood Research Society Jurnal Litbang Industri Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Makara Journal of Science Makara Journal of Technology International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Khaswar Syamsu
Department Of Agricultural Industrial Technology - Bogor Agricultural University Dramaga, Bogor, 16680
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Veterinary Other

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SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION AND CO-FERMENTATION (SSCF) FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM BAMBOO SHOOTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW Nasution, Nurul Cinthiya; Machfud; Syamsu, Khaswar
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 35 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2025.35.3.312

Abstract

The escalating global energy demand and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves have accelerated the pursuit of sustainable bioenergy alternatives. Bioethanol is widely recognized as a promising candidate; however, its production continues to depend predominantly on food-based substrates such as cassava and molasses, thereby exacerbating food vs fuel dilemmas. Consequently, lignocellulosic biomass has emerged as a viable alternative owing to its abundance and non-food nature. Among potential resources, bamboo shoots constitute a particularly strategic feedstock, characterized by high cellulose (33–45%) and hemicellulose (23–30%) contents, coupled with an exceptionally low lignin fraction (0.89%), which minimizes the requirement for energy- and cost-intensive pretreatment. Their rapid growth further reinforces their suitability as a renewable and underexploited biomass source. The present study undertakes a systematic literature review to assess the potential of bamboo shoots for bioethanol production via Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-Fermentation (SSCF). Specifically, it seeks to: (i) elucidate global research trends in SSCF through bibliometric analysis, (ii) identify knowledge gaps concerning the utilization of bamboo shoots, and (iii) propose future research directions to enhance SSCF efficiency. Bibliometric analysis conducted with VOSviewer, encompassing publications from 2006 to 2025, reveals growing scholarly focus on SSCF, particularly in relation to fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis, and lignocellulosic feedstocks. Notably, the complete absence of “bamboo shoot” as a keyword across the dataset signifies a critical research gap. This gap underscores the necessity for rigorous experimental investigations and the development of predictive simulation models employing bamboo shoots in SSCF, with the aim of optimizing ethanol yields, elucidating key process dynamics, and advancing sustainable bioethanol production. Keywords: bamboo shoot, bioethanol, simulation, simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)
Peningkatan Produksi Bioetanol dari Rebung Bambu Ampel (Bambusa vulgaris) Menggunakan Sakarifikasi dan Fermentasi Simultan Terekayasa Hendri Ropingi; Khaswar Syamsu; Irvan Setiadi Kartawiria
INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Februari 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Literasi Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55123/insologi.v5i1.7532

Abstract

Bamboo shoots are lignocellulosic with low lignin and high protein content. This study compared bioethanol production from bamboo shoots (Bambusa vulgaris) using conventional and engineered simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) methods. The hydrolysis process was carried out using mold (Trichoderma reesei), followed by fermentation with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The results of proximate analysis showed that bamboo shoots contained 25.51 ± 0.46% crude protein and 18.89 ± 0.37% fiber. In addition, the levels of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were measured at 28.40 ± 0.49%, 31.28 ± 0.23%, and 3.77 ± 0.40%, respectively. The results showed that the conventional SSF technique produced ethanol at 3.42 ± 0.02 g/L, with a Yp/s of 0.37 ± 0.01 g/g. After the application of aeration engineering through the engineered SSF method, the ethanol concentration increased to 4.50 ± 0.01 g L⁻¹, with a Yp/s value of 0.50 ± 0.02 g/g. The ethanol formation rate and Yp/s values ​​in the engineered SSF method were also higher, namely 0.06 ± 0.00 g/L/h and 0.50 ± 0.02 g/g compared to the conventional SSF of 0.05 ± 0.00 g/L/h and 0.37 ± 0.02 g/g. The increase in ethanol yield from the engineered SSF method was 1.35 ± 0.05 times compared to the conventional SSF method.
Teknologi konversi biomassa kelapa sawit (palm kernel meal) menjadi bioetanol secara enzimatis: tinjauan literatur Harahap, Serarifi Elagin; Hambali, Erliza; Noor, Erliza; Syamsu, Khaswar
AGROINTEK Vol 20, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v20i1.29029

Abstract

The palm oil industry is a major agricultural sector in Indonesia. This sector produces a significant amount of biomass, including palm kernel meal (PKM), which has tremendous potential as a sustainable feedstock for second-generation bioethanol production. This review aims to explore the enzymatic conversion of PKM to bioethanol as an environmentally friendly and feasible alternative to fossil fuels. The scope of the study covers pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, fermentation, and purification technologies, with an emphasis on strategies that optimise sugar release and ethanol yield. A literature review method was used, analysing publications from 2010 to 2025 sourced from Google Scholar and Web of Science, filtered based on their relevance to PKM utilisation and bioethanol production. The results show that PKM, which is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, can be effectively hydrolysed using enzyme consortia that include endomannanase, β-mannosidase, and cellulase, achieving high sugar conversion rates. Pretreatment methods including autoclaving and hot water were found to increase enzyme accessibility, while fermentation through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) showed higher ethanol yields compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). In addition, bioethanol purification through a combination of distillation and adsorption achieved a fuel purity of 99.5%. Overall, the enzymatic conversion of PKM into bioethanol not only provides renewable energy but also contributes to waste reduction.
Aplikasi sakarifikasi dan fermentasi simultan dalam produksi bioetanol dari rebung bambu Ramadhani, Griselda Happy; Syamsu, Khaswar; Kartika, Ika Amalia; Kartawiria, Irvan Setiadi
AGROINTEK Vol 18, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v18i2.17294

Abstract

Bambu muda atau rebung memiliki sumber selulosa dan berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol. Rebung juga memiliki kandungan lignin yang rendah yaitu 0,89%, sehingga memungkinkan untuk tidak dilakukan proses pre-treatment. Rebung bambu merupakan salah satu bahan yang berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol mengingat laju produktivitas yang tinggi yaitu 8.124 kg/ha/tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis data produksi bioetanol dari rebung dengan teknik SSF menggunakan konsorsium mikroba Trichoderma reesei dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mikroba T. reesei digunakan untuk menghasilkan enzim selulase yang menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi gula sederhana, sedangkan S. cerevisiae digunakan untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari gula yang dihasilkan sebelumnya. Sintesis bioetanol terdiri dari dua tahap utama yaitu hidrolisis dan fermentasi. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi dilakukan secara terpisah menggunakan metode SHF (Separated Hydrolysis Fermentation), sedangkan pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SSF (Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation) yang diharapkan menghasilkan efisiensi substrat, Yp/s, dan laju produktivitas bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode SHF. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan aerasi 1 vvm dan agitasi 125 rpm selama 72 jam.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi  bioetanol tertinggi di waktu 72  jam sebesar 6,94 g/L dengan laju produktivitas bioetanol  0,08 g/L/h dan  rendemen produk (Yp/s) 0,19 g bioetanol/g substrat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rebung merupakan media yang layak untuk produksi bioetanol. Rebung memiliki kandungan selulosa yang potensial sebagai substrat untuk T. reesei dan terbukti menghasilkan bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan teknik SHF dengan bambu pada penelitian sebelumnya.
Co-Authors . Gunawan . Gunawan A. Aziz Darwis A. Herryandie Abdul Aziz Darwis Adhi Kusnadi Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan Anas Miftah Fauzi Ani Suryani Ani Suryani Aninda Sekar ZAHRA Anwar Nur Anwar Nur Ardani Lukman ASEP RISWOKO ASTUTIATI NURHASANAH Bambang Prasetya Bambang Prasetya Bambang Prasetya Bambang Prasetya Bustomi - Bustomi Darwis, Abdul Aziz Dede Rais Diana Dewi Diana Dewi, Diana Diana Nurani Djumali Mangunwidjaja Djumali Mangunwidjaja Djumali Mangunwidjaja Dwi - Susilaningsih Dwi Purnomo Dwi Purnomo Dwi Setyaningsih Dyah Noor Hidayati DYAH NOOR HIDAYATI E. Gumbira Sa’id E. Gumbira-Sa’id E. Mardliyati Elisa Julianti Endang Gumbira Said Endang Warsiki Endang Warsiki dan Citra Dewi Wahyono Putri (E-Jurnal Agro-Industri Indonesia) Eni Dwi Islamiati Eni Dwi Islamiati Eni Dwi Islamiati, Eni Dwi Erliza Hambali Erliza Noor Erwahyuni E Prabandani ERWAHYUNI ENDANG PRABANDARI ERWAHYUNI ENDANG PRABANDARI Erwahyuni Prabandari Erwahyuni Prabandari, Erwahyuni Essa Annisa Syadiah Etik Mardliyati Etik Mardliyati Etik Mardliyati, Etik Etty Riani FARAH FAHMA FENTRI PARAMITHA PUTRI Fitriani Kasim Gamma Irca Pradikta Griselda Happy Ramadhani Gumbira-Sa'id, E Gustri Yeni Gustri Yeni Han Roliadi Hanifah FUADI Hanny Hafiar Harahap, Serarifi Elagin Hendri Muchtar Hendri Muchtar, Hendri Hendri Ropingi Herastuti Sri I Nyoman Jaya Wistara Iftachul Farida Ika Amalia Kartika Ike Sitoresmi M Purbowati Illah Sailah Irawadi Jamaran Irvan Setiadi Kartawiria Irvan Setiadi Kartawiria IS HELIANTI Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Joko Santoso Kartawiria, Irvan Setiadi Kasid, Sri Kaidah kusnadi, adhi Lanjar Sumarno Lanjar Sumarno Lestari, Puji Liesbetini Haditjaroko Liesbetini Hartoto Lucky Risanto M Irfani ABDULLAH M. ANWAR NUR M. Daud Machfud Mala Nurilmala Manalu, Lamhot Mardliyati, Etik Muhammad Arif Darmawan Muhammad Daud Muhammad Rasyid RAMADHAN Muhammad Tasrif Muhammad Tasrif Mulyorini Rahayuningsih Murdiyatmo, Untung Muslich Muslich, Muslich N. A. Evalia Nabilah, Siti Nadia STEPANI Nastiti Siswi Indrasti Nasution, Nurul Cinthiya nFN Misgiyarta NIKNIK NURHAYATI Ninik Purbosari Nur Atifah Nur Richana Nurika Asih SETIYANI Nusaibah - Nusaibah Prayoga SURYADARMA Ridwansyah Ridwansyah Rini Purnawati Rofiq Sunaryanto Rofiq Sunaryanto S Heris Anita, S Heris S Joni Munarso Sa’id, E. Gumbira Sapta Raharja Sarifah Nurjanah Selvia Mahilda RIDHOHA Shinta PERMATASARI Siti Nabilah Sony Hartono Wijaya Sudirman Sudirman Suharyanto Suprihatin Suprihatin Surono SURONO Tajuddin Bantacut Taufik Hidayat Titi Candra Sunarti Tri Panji Tun T. Irawadi Tun Tedja Irawadi Tun Tedja Irawadi Wahono Sumaryono Wasrin Safii Wasrin Syafii Widya FATRIASARI Widya Fatriasari Yandra Arkeman Yandra Arkeman Yandra Arkenan Yeni, Gustri Yeni, Gustri