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Hydrocracking of Coconut Oil on the NiO/Silica-Rich Zeolite Synthesized Using a Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant Sriatun Sriatun; Heru Susanto; Widayat Widayat; Adi Darmawan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.55522

Abstract

NiO/silica-rich zeolite catalysts were used for coconut oil hydrocracking. The catalyst was prepared with a mixture of Na2SiO3, Al(OH)3, NaOH, and quaternary ammonium surfactants. The surfactant was varied of types like as tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The acidity of the silica-rich sodalite zeolites enhances with the increase in nickel oxide added through a wet impregnation. The hydrocracking process was carried out by a semi-batch method. Liquid products were analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that the addition of surfactants increased the catalyst surface area and acidity. Meanwhile, the presence of nickel oxide increases the acidity of the catalyst. The hydrocracking results showed an increase in gas products when the surface area was high, i.e., 23.781% in silica-rich sodalite zeolite without template (Z), 32.68% in silica-rich sodalite zeolite with tetrapropylammonium (ZTPA), and 39.673% in silica-rich sodalite zeolite with cetyltrimethylammonium (ZCTA). The presence of NiO increased the liquid product and the selectivity of the bioavtur fraction (C10-C15), where the highest percentage of liquid product was 60.07% at NiO/ZTPA.
Pengaruh Pengurangan Laju Alir Udara Proses pada Unit Secondary Reformer (103-D) terhadap Konsumsi Energi Pada Pabrik Amoniak Pupuk Kaltim 5 Fauzandy Husna Setyanto; Puja Chrisdianto Manapa; Widayat Widayat
Jurnal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan Vol 3, No 2 (2022): Juli 2022
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Energi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jebt.2022.14160

Abstract

Secondary reformer merupakan alat yang berfungsi untuk mengonversi dari metana (CH₄) menjadi syn gas (H₂). Gas metana akan bereaksi dengan oksigen (O₂) yang berasal dari udara atmosfer untuk membentuk H₂ yang nantinya akan disintesis menjadi amoniak pada unit ammonia converter. Sementara itu gas metana yang tersisa akan dimanfaatkan kembali sebagai secondary fuel pada primary reformer, energi yang dihasilkan dari reaksi pembentukan syn gas pada secondary reformer ini kemudian digunakan untuk membangkitkan saturated steam pada unit waste heat boiler. Studi kasus ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengurangan laju alir udara pada secondary reformer terhadap jumlah methane leak, energi, amoniak yang dihasilkan, dan optimasi proses suplai secondary fuel ke primary reformer. Penurunan laju alir pada secondary reformer (103-D) akan menyebabkan beberapa hal yaitu naiknya jumlah methane leak pada outlet secondary reformer, adanya peningkatan produk secondary fuel methane, adanya penurunan produk saturated steam pada waste heat boiler (101-C), penurunan pada produk amoniak yang dihasilkan pada ammonia converter (122-C2), dan konsumsi energi yang dibutuhkan per ton amoniak meningkat seiring dengan pengurangan laju alir udara dengan rata-rata peningkatan konsumsi energi sebesar 0,15 MMBTU/ton.
The Effect of NaHCO3 and Mg2+ Addition in Haematococcus pluvialis Cultivation by Carbon Injection Method W. Widayat; Annisa Metantya Maharani; Siti Nur Khairunisa Aroli; Muhammad Hilmazar Hawari
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbes.2022.15220

Abstract

The emission of carbon dioxide has been continuously rising year by year. Many efforts that have been used with aim of climate recovery, such as capturing CO2 with the Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) method, which is the CCS technology is one of the effective tactics for reducing carbon emissions by utilizing energy from biomass of microalgae. This research will discuss about carbon capture using microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis in a lab scale photobioreactor (PBR), and resulting the optimum biomass productivity for Haematococcus pluvialis has occurred in the H2 variable (50 ppm Mg2+). This happens because of addition of Mg ions above 50 ppm can decrease the yield of biomass productivity, since Haematococcus pluvialis cannot live in high salinity concentrations. Further research should make a calculation of optimal cost incurred at the optimal carbon concentration that can be captured by microalgae, also the results of increasing value of the microalgae biomass produced for the comprehensive use of the microalgae.
Palm Oil Milling Effluent (POME) Waste Processing by Using Microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. Riky Yonas; Uray Irzandi; Hantoro Satriadi; W. Widayat; Marcelinus Christwardana; H. Hadiyanto
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbes.2022.15152

Abstract

Along with the growth in oil palm output, the amount of trash produced will also increase. Every palm oil mill is responsible for the disposal of liquid waste known as palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME includes very high levels of BOD and COD, which may hinder the development of microalgae. Before POME may be utilized as a medium for the growth and development of microalgae, a detailed investigation is required to establish the pretreatment measures necessary to reduce the BOD and COD levels. The purpose of this investigation of POME waste as a substrate for the growth and development of microalgae is to examine the POME processing procedure utilizing wild microalgae. The experimental technique consisted of adding POME and microalgae to the Erlemeyer in accordance with the required proportion. Research demonstrates that POME pond IV waste may be utilized as a substrate for the development of wild microalgae to lower POME waste BOD and COD levels. The variables used were the ratio of POME to microalgae volume and the quantity of nutrients supplied. Microalgae growth at a ratio of 1:4 produced the greatest decreases in BOD and COD, namely 61.66 ppm and 173.33 ppm from 110.6 ppm and 496.67 ppm, respectively. The impact of adding nutrient C at a concentration of 120 ppm led to the greatest decrease of BOD and COD, namely 65.33 ppm and 186.67 ppm, whereas adding nutrient N at a concentration of 40 ppm led to the greatest reduction of BOD and COD, namely 55.41 ppm and 158.33 ppm.
Study of Polymeric Membranes Potential for Eugenol Purification from Crude Clove leaf Oil Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Danny Soetrisnanto; Widayat Widayat; Budiyono Budiyono; Dani Puji Utomo
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 18, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (496.391 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.49539

Abstract

Clove oil is an agricultural commodity with economic value. This essential oil can be obtained from flowers, stems, and leaves of clove plants. The quality of clove oil can be evaluated from eugenol levels in oil. An increase in eugenol levels from 70% to 98% can increase oil prices by up to 3 times. Oil obtained from clove leaves has a low eugenol content of 60-70%, therefore the purification is needed to improve the quality of oil. Membrane based separation for eugenol purification was suggested in this paper as new concept in essential oils purification processes. This study aimed to explore the suitable polymer as membrane material for eugenol purification. PES, PA, CA and PI were used in this study, where the membranes were prepared via NIPS technique using manual casting knife to form flat sheet membranes. The membranes were immersed in eugenol to evaluate the solubility. The insoluble membrane was used for purification performance test in membrane filtration cell. The results show that PES and PA membranes were completely dissolved in eugenol in less than 1 minute, while PI and CA membranes were insoluble in eugenol. However, the PI membrane has much lower solvent permeability than CA membrane. The thermal annealed PES membrane for 3 h at 180°C dissolved in eugenol in 30 minutes for complete dissolution. It is concluded that PI and CA membranes can be used as membrane material for eugenol purification but CA more favorable, while PES membrane has a potential for similar purposes after being thermal annealed. However, these findings can offer an important reference for the application of polymeric membranes for clove oil purification through an effective and efficient process.
KINETIC STUDY OF THE UTILISATION OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES TO LACTIC ACID USING Lactobacillus delbrueckii Abdullah Abdullah; Hanapi bin Mat; Widayat Widayat
METANA Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5667.593 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v6i01.1830

Abstract

Abstract   Lactic acid fermentation includes several reactions in association with the microorganism growth.  A kinetic study was performed of the utilisation of multiple substrates to lactic acid using lactobacillus delbrueckii. Batch fermentation was performed to study effect of different substrates such as glucose, fructose and sucrose. The objective of this research is to study kinetics grow microbial. A anaerobic fermentation were studied in 3 litres stirred fermentor ( Biostat B Model) with working volume of 1 liter, temperature : 40 oC, pH = 6.0, inoculums size : 5% , sugar concentration =  20 g/1. During the first hours of fermentation, glucose and fructose accumulated in the medium and the rate of  hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose was faster than conversion of these substrate. The maximum concentration of glucose and fructose was 5.82 and 5. 14 g/l respectively. The sucrose, glucose, and fructose consumption completely utilized at 56, 68, and 104 hours, respectively. Kinetic parameter for maximum .specific growth rate in glucose, fructose and sucrose is 0.103, 0.0448, and 0.0398 (h-1), respectively. The saturation constant is 2.13, 2.67, and 3.32 g/1.   Key Words: Kinetic Study, Sugars, Lactic Acid, Maximum Specific Growth Rate and Saturation Constant
Silica-rich Sodalite Synthesis: The Effect of Variations in Ultrasound Treatment and Hydrothermal Temperature Sriatun Sriatun; Marta Chandra Anikke Putri; Hanifa Zakiyatul Urbach; Adi Darmawan; Widayat Widayat; Heru Susanto
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 4 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 4 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3852.166 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.4.137-145

Abstract

Silica-rich sodalite zeolite has been synthesized by ultrasound treatment and hydrothermal temperature variation. This study aimed to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment and hydrothermal temperature variations on the crystallinity, hydrophobicity, and structural properties of silica-rich sodalite zeolite. The synthesis was conducted by reacting a sodium aluminate and sodium silicate solution by varying Si/Al ratios of 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 90. The next step was to characterize the product. The product with the best crystallinity was used as a reference to determine the effect of ultrasound and hydrothermal temperature. The reaction gel was treated with and without ultrasound and hydrothermal using autoclave at 100, 150, and 200°C for 24 hours. The last step was the product characterization using XRD, FTIR, and GSA. The XRD showed similarity peaks at 2θ = 14.058°; 24.41°; 31.73°; 34.75°; 42.88°. The best crystallinity was silica-rich sodalite zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 30. Meanwhile, silica-rich sodalite zeolite peaks were obtained at 2θ = 14.16°, 24.66°, 31.99°, 35.13°, and 43.39° by ultrasound treatment and hydrothermal temperature variation (100, 150, and 200°C). Ultrasound treatment revealed the presence of other peaks besides sodalite at 2θ = 19.05° and 27°, where these peaks were referred to as SAPO-56. In conclusion, the degree of crystallinity increased with increasing temperature, decreasing Si-OH/Si-O-Si showed increased hydrophobic properties. Increasing the hydrothermal temperature of 150 and 200°C with and without ultrasound treatment increased the surface area significantly to 114.137 m2/g and 160.717 m2/g, and the pore volume of sodalite with a Si/Al ratio of 30 to 0.318 cc/g and 0.274 cc/g.
Treatment of Natural Rubber Wastewater using Photoactive Nanocomposite Membrane PSf/sulfonated ZnO: Performance Evaluation, HAZOP, and Risk Analysis Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Widayat Widayat; Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.35-49

Abstract

The application of nanocomposite membranes for high organic wastewater treatment faces several problems such as impurities and low permeate flux. In this study, sulfonated ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated in the PSf membrane. SEM images reveal that sZnO has good compatibility with PSf polymers and the FTIR spectrum also forms sulfonic acid groups on the composite membrane. The addition of sZnO into PSf increased the PWF value but overloading caused a significant decrease. The surface hydrophilicity of the membrane was also enhanced by the incorporation of sZnO into the PSf membrane. The performance evaluation showed a significant increase in flux from 9.0 to 14.5 L.m-2.h-1 and a disappointment rate for ammonium ion (NH4+) up to 87%. Increased hydrophilicity was also revealed by decreasing the air contact angle from 79.33° to 55.67°. PVA-coated membranes can increase COD rejection up to ~88%, which is 8 times higher than uncoated composite membranes. The PVA coating also reduced the tendency of organic fouling on the membrane during rubber wastewater filtration by reducing the total fouling resistance from 14.2 x 10-11 to 9.91 x 10-11 m-1. The HAZOP and risk analysis were also studied in this work regarding on their practical application in industrial scale..
Coconut Waste Pyrolysis Simulation Using Aspen Plus Software Muhammad Syukri Hasan; Widayat Widayat; Sri Widodo Agung Suedi
TECHNO: JURNAL PENELITIAN Vol 12, No 1 (2023): TECHNO JURNAL PENELITIAN
Publisher : Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/tjp.v12i1.5263

Abstract

Currently, in the world are trying to substitute fossil energy for renewable energy. One of the renewable energy is biomass energy. Biomass is a renewable natural resource derived from biological nature. Biomass from palm shells has been successfully used by the Tembilahan PLTU as an effort to substitute coal. The results of technical evaluation and monitoring show operating parameters within normal limits. Palm shells are known to have a lower sulfur content than coal so that the emissions produced are less than coal. When viewed from the characteristics based on the analysis of proximate, ultimate and calorific value, it shows that the characteristics of biomass from coconut waste, especially coconut shells, are not significantly different from biomass from palm shells. This means that coconut shells can be considered as a renewable energy source. To improve the quality of the calorific value of biomass, a pyrolysis process is carried out to produce bio-charcoal. Modeling using Aspen Plus software has a difference average of less than 6%. Simulation results of coconut shell pyrolysis with maximum yield of bio-charcoal occurring at an operating temperature of 600°C which produces a total of 30.35% bio-charcoal, a calorific value (LHV) of 33.03 MJ/kg, and an ash content of 18.99%. While the simulation results of coconut shell pyrolysis with maximum syngas yield occurred at an operating temperature of 800°C which produced 82.43% syngas, high H2 49.67% and low CO2 2.90%.
The Effect of NaHCO3 and Mg2+ Addition in Haematococcus pluvialis Cultivation by Carbon Injection Method W. Widayat; Annisa Metantya Maharani; Siti Nur Khairunisa Aroli; Muhammad Hilmazar Hawari
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbes.2022.15220

Abstract

The emission of carbon dioxide has been continuously rising year by year. Many efforts that have been used with aim of climate recovery, such as capturing CO2 with the Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) method, which is the CCS technology is one of the effective tactics for reducing carbon emissions by utilizing energy from biomass of microalgae. This research will discuss about carbon capture using microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis in a lab scale photobioreactor (PBR), and resulting the optimum biomass productivity for Haematococcus pluvialis has occurred in the H2 variable (50 ppm Mg2+). This happens because of addition of Mg ions above 50 ppm can decrease the yield of biomass productivity, since Haematococcus pluvialis cannot live in high salinity concentrations. Further research should make a calculation of optimal cost incurred at the optimal carbon concentration that can be captured by microalgae, also the results of increasing value of the microalgae biomass produced for the comprehensive use of the microalgae.
Co-Authors A Abdullah A Abdurrakhman A. Sadikky DP Abdullah Abdullah Achmad Roesyadi Achmad Roesyadi Achmad Wildan ADE ARTA, MOCHAMAD ZAINUDIN Adi Darmawan Adit Rizky Wicaksono Afriani, Nurfika Agus Suprihanto Ahmad Juanda Ahmad Ni’matullah, Albaari Aini, Apsari Puspita Aji Baharsyah Aji Prasetyaningrum Aji, Satriyo Akbar Asfar, A.M. Iqbal Al-Baari, Ahmad N Al-Baarri, Ahmad Ni'matullah Al-Baarri, Ahmad Ni’matullah Alfareza, Muhammad Ircham Almaas Salwa, Diah Ayu Andi Friadi Andika Pradifan Andrew Bryano Kermite, Andrew Bryano Andri Cahyo Kumoro Andri Cahyo Kumoro Andrianto, Novian Andry Anggoro Arahim Anggra Widhi Anggra Widhi Anik Sarminingsih, Anik Annisa Metantya Maharani Ari Eko Prasetyo Ari Eko Prasetyo Ariadi, Ariadi Arianti Nuur Annisa Arief Budiman Aris Triwiyatno Arman, Mhd. Adithia Perdana Arwan, Berriandi Aulia, Haris Nu’man B Budiyono Bacthiar, Hafni Bagus Agang Sudrajat Bakti Jos Bambang Cahyono Bambang Sudarsono Banowati, Tria Nita Berkah Fajar Tamtomo kiono Budi Warsito Budianto, Irawan Arief Catur Pramono D. Ingrid A D. Soetrisnanto Dani Puji Utomo Danny Soetrisnanto DENNY SANJAYA Devina Ingrid A. Dita Ayu Sofiati Driastuti, Faradilla Dyah Hesti Wardhani Edward, Leonardo Ela, Hulasoh Elysia, Alvina Enda Merizki br Ginting Fauzandy Husna Setyanto Favian Nafiega Ferdy D, Erbert Fistcar, Wawarisa Alnu H Hadiyanto H M Rachimoellah H Satriadi H. Anggraeni H. Hadiyanto H. Satriadi H. Satriadi Hadiyanto Hadiyanto Hadiyanto Hadiyanto Hanapi bin Mat Hanapi bin Mat Handung Nuryadi Hanifa Zakiyatul Urbach Hantoro Satriadi Hantoro Satriado Haris Nu'man Aulia Haris Nu’man Aulia Hasanah, Alfi Hendra Try Ardianto Hendro, Andika Herlambang, Andy Rahmadi Heru Susanto Hesti Rahayu I. Hartati Ika Windrianto K. Handono Indah Hartati Iqbal Mubarak Irawan Arif Budianto Johnner P Sitompul Jonfita, Bernike Vemmialia Khoirun Nisa Kurdianto Kurdianto Kurnia, Atik Kusmiyati, K Listyawijayanti, Nabilla Salma Lukman Hakim Firdaus Luqman Buchori M. Djaeni M. Hadi M. Hadi M. Hadi Makrufah Hidayah I Marcelinus Christwardana Maria Siahaan Marta Chandra Anikke Putri Masyhad Masyhad Meiny Suzery Melati, Emilla Mochamad Arief Budihardjo MSK. Tony Suryo Utomo Muchammad Muchammad Muhammad Farizan Praevia Muhammad Hilmazar Hawari Muhammad Rachimoellah Muhammad Rachimoellah Muhammad Syukri Hasan Muhammad Syukri Hasan Nasir, Yahya Ndaru Okvitarini Ngadiwiyana M.Si. S.Si. Ngurah Widiantara Ni'matuzahroh Ni'matuzahroh Novianti, Khusnul Rofida Noviyanto, Sigit Nur Rokhati Nurjannah, Rifa Nurul Yaqin Pandapotan, Boris Poltak Prakoso, Satrio Budi Prakoso, Satyo Jati Prasetyo, Ahmad Wisnu Pratomo, Shendy Eko Priyosetyoko Priyosetyoko, Priyosetyoko Puja Chrisdianto Manapa Putri, Sylvia Rahmi Rahmania, Yusi Luluk Ratnawati Ratnawati Razak, Habibie Rheza Dipo Riky Yonas Riky Yonas Riva Amrulloh Roz, Kenny S Suherman S Supriyandi Samudra, Makitta Widi Saudale, Jeanette Mutiara Paula Sekarningtyas, Nazifa Seno, Abdi Setia Budi Sasongko Setia Budi Sasongko Setiadi, Muhammad Irfan Sianturi, Aurelia Genesya Silviana Silviana Silviana, S Siti Nur Khairunisa Aroli Sonya Hakim Raharjo Sri Nastiti Andharini Sri Puji Lestari Sri Widodo Agung Suedi Sri Widodo Agung Suedy Sriatun Sriatun Striadi, H. Sugiyanto - Sulardjaka Sulardjaka Sulardjaka, S Sulastri, Cucu Sumiati Sumiati Suroso Agus Saputro Sussatrio, Hardito Syafrudin Syafrudin Syaiful . Syarief, Elijah Sylvia Rahmi Putri Tatang H. Soerawidjaja Taufiq, Akbar Teguh Purnomo, Teguh Tri Winarni Agustini Tri Winarni, Agustini Tutuk Djoko Kusworo Uray Irzandi Uray Irzandi Utama, Bobby Indra Vicky Ramadhani, Vicky widodo, anton sri Winaningsih, Ima Wira Pinem Yanuar Rifianto YS Darmanto Yudhy Dharmawan Yuliani, Kristina Wulan Yulita Arni Priastiwi Yuliyandjaja, John Philia Yusi Luluk, Rahmania