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All Journal Rekayasa Mesin Jurnal Fisika Unand POROS TEKNIK JST ( Jurnal Sains Terapan ) JURNAL INTEGRASI INOVTEK POLBENG Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Katalisator Jurnal TEMAPELA Jurnal Ilmu Fisika Sarwahita : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur Jurnal Teknik Mesin Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering JTRM (Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Manufaktur) Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri METAL : Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Dulang: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Dewantara JAPEPAM, Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Yuli Yetri
Politeknik Negeri Padang
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering

 1 
Utilization of Coconut Shells as a Source of Graphene Nanosheets Fe/N-GNS for Environmentally Friendly Primary Battery Electrodes Giyanto; Affi, Jon; Gunawarman; Handayani, Murni; Yetri, Yuli
Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Pamulang

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Abstract

The research on the performance of carbon (C)/d-orbital metals (graphite/graphene, graphene/N-graphene, graphite/Fe-graphene, graphite/Fe-N-graphene, and graphene/Fe-N-graphene) in primary battery electrode systems was carried out using a simple technology by mixing coconut shell powder with N and Fe. The purpose of this study was to determine the preparation method of Fe/GNS and Fe/N-GNS electrodes and to evaluate the performance of the electrolyte on electron distribution in Fe/GNS and Fe/N-GNS electrodes as primary battery anodes based on electrical conductivity values. This research was conducted as a laboratory experimental study. GNS and N-GNS were synthesized using a modified Hummers method, while Fe/GNS and Fe/N-GNS electrodes were synthesized using the impregnation method. GNS, N-GNS, Fe/GNS, and Fe/N-GNS after electrolyte combination were characterized using SEM–EDX and a multimeter, respectively. The SEM–EDX results at 170 °C and 500–600 °C showed a folded and wrinkled graphene structure with dispersed Fe (5.3 wt% by EDX), dominated by C and O. The addition of Fe–NH₃ acted as a catalyst to form more regularly structured graphite. The DHL test showed the highest electrical conductivity (~51,400 at 40 V) for Fe-N-GNS samples synthesized at 170 °C and 600 °C, which were identified as the most optimal synthesis conditions.
Synthesis of Graphene-Like Carbon from Coconut Shell and Electrical Conductivity Properties Rohmat, Nur; Affi, Jon; Gunawarman; Handayani, Murni; Yetri, Yuli
Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Pamulang

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Abstract

Demand for batteries continues to increase in line with the growth of electric vehicles, while the availability of lithium in nature is limited. One alternative is the use of renewable natural materials, such as coconut shells, to produce functional carbon materials. This study aims to synthesize graphene-like carbon (GLC) from coconut shells using pyrolysis and sonication methods. The process was carried out through drying at 150–200 °C and pyrolysis at 700 °C. XRD characterization showed main peaks at 2θ ≈ 23.11° and 43.75° (150 °C/700 °C), and 23.15° and 43.38° (200 °C/700 °C), with an interlayer spacing of 0.35 nm and a shift in the C (002) peak from pure graphite, indicating the formation of nanosized graphene layers. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of O–H, aromatic C=C, C=O, and C–O groups, indicating a hexagonal carbon framework with oxygen functionality on the surface. The Raman spectrum showed ID/IG ratios of 0.84 and 0.83, indicating structural disorder while still consistent with graphene-like characteristics. Conductivity tests showed relatively stable electrical conductivity with gradual electron energy loss at small current increases, allowing better control of electron mobility.
Co-Authors -, Nasrullah - Ade Indra Adriansyah Adriansyah Adriansyah Adriansyah Afza, Vikra Yudha Yolanda Agustion Jufri Ahmad Amdi Zamrud Kurnia Aidil Zamri Aidil Zamri Alamsyah, Taqdir Alfian Alfian Alifur Rahman Anike Malfinora Anike Malfinora, Anike Anissa Vivia Fidela Annisa Khairiyah Asmed Asmed Ayu Pitri Yeni Azzah Rosadi, Nabilla Bukhari Bukhari Bukhari Bukhari Bukhari S Bukhari S Candra Mayana, Hendri Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni Daddy Budiman Dahyunir Dahlan Dandi Ilham Danial - Darman Dapersal Dinar Desi Mita Sari Desi Mitra Sari Desmarita Leni Desmon Hamid Dunnas, Irsya Dwi Puryanti Elvis Adril Ely Sulistya Ningsih Emriadi - Eri Aidio Murti Eri Aidio Murti, Eri Aidio Exaudi Pratama Rajagukguk Fadhlulrahman, Zaki Fahri Reza Fanani Fardinal Fardinal Fathir Alqodri Faula Rahmi Feidihal Feidihal Firdaus Firdaus Firdaus G Gunawarman, G Gani Pratama Giyanto Gunawarman Hamzah Putra Hanif Hanif Hanif Hanif Hargiani, Fransisca Xaveria Haris Haris Haris Haris Haris, Haris Harri Biora Putra Hersalniar Ichlas Nur Ichlas Nur Ikhwan Nofitra Ilham Handoko Ilham Saputra Intan Rahma Yuni Is Prima Nanda Isnanda Isnanda Jalal, Ramzi Januar Putra Jon Affi, Jon Jufri , Agustion Jumyetti Jumyetti Jumyetti Jumyetti Junaidi - - Junaidi Junaidi Laura Nisa Tilqadri Maimuzar Maimuzar Maimuzar Menhendry Menhendry Menhendry Muchtar, Ridwan Muh Anhar Muldarisnur, Mulda Mulyadi Mulyadi Mulyadi Mulyadi Mulyadi Munadi Munadi Murni Handayani Najihah, Yeni Fathatun Nandi Pinto Nasirwan Nasirwan Nasution, Widi Mulia Nofriadi Nofriadi Nofriadi Nofriadi Nota Effiandi Nota Effiandi Novesar Jamarun Nur Rohmat Nurwijayanti Nusyirwan Okta Putra, Ilham Oktavianus Ganumba Oong Hanwar Putra, Syarif Abdian Rahma Fikri Nuradi Rahmadhani Rahmatia Ikhsani, Siska Rahmi Hidayati Rahmi Suryani Rahmi, Faula Rais, Wahmin Rajagukguk, Exaudi Pratama Rakiman Rakiman Rakiman Rakiman Rakiman Ramza, Robi Ravi Pratama Syael Resalina - Restu Araliz, Maheka Revaldy Maiman Rina Rina Rina Rina Rino Sukma Roni Kurniawan Putra Ruchiyat, Asep Ruzita Sumiati Saif Hadid Alkhairi Salamah, Ummi Sambo, Nurmahriza Sanny Ardhy Saputra, Ilham Sari, Nurfitri Rahmi Silva Azaria Mahaputri Silva Azaria Mahaputri Siska Angraini Rikosa Rikosa Solly Aryza Sri Handani Sri Handani Sri Mulyadi Sri Mulyadi Dt. Basa Suhelmidati, Etri Sukatik Sukriman, Anil Suryani, Rahmi Syukri Syukri Teguh Yaman Telaumbanua Thoriq, Andika Tri Ego Wiranata Tri Wahyu Widodo Ulhafidzah, Annisa Ultra Marsedi Ummi Salamah Verdian, Riza Vikra Yudha Yolanda Afza Widi Mulia Nasution Winnugroho Wiratman, Manfaluthy Hakim, Tiara Aninditha, Aru W. Sudoyo, Joedo Prihartono Yanda, Hengki Ebitra Yasmendra Rosa Yazmendra Rosa Yuliarman Yuliarman Yuliarman Yuliarman Yuliarman Yuliarman Yuniati, Yuniati Yusri Mura Yusuf Yusuf Zahwa Azzahra, Gita Zaimahwati, Zaimahwati Zaini, Muhammad Fadhel Zhafiri, Syahman Zikri Hamdani Zulhendri Zulhendri