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Dody Novrial, Dody
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Dentistry Education Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Acute oral toxicity and dose-dependent histopathological effects of Indonesian Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) extract in Sprague-Dawley rats Sylviningrum, Thianti; Inayati, Nor Sri; Setiawati, Setiawati; Arjadi, Fitranto; Novrial, Dody
JURNAL INDONESIA DARI ILMU LABORATORIUM MEDIS DAN TEKNOLOGI Vol 7 No 2 (2025): From Natural Compounds to Disease Mechanisms: An Integrated Research Outlook
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/ijmlst.v7i2.7921

Abstract

The growing global interest in herbal medicines underscores the importance of safety assessments for traditional plants. Physalis angulata L. (Ciplukan) demonstrates therapeutic potential, yet data on Indonesian extracts remain limited. This study evaluated the acute oral toxicity and determined the median lethal dose (LD50) of Indonesian Ciplukan extract. Twenty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=5): control (aqueous), and four groups that received extract at 100, 400, 800, or 1200 mg/kg body weight. Over 14 days, researchers monitored clinical signs, body weight, food intake, and organ weights in accordance with Acute Oral Toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 425). Major organs were examined histopathological using the modified International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria. No mortality or significant behavioral changes were observed at any dose. Rats maintained normal body weight gain and food intake. The LD50 was determined to be exceeded 1200 mg/kg, indicating favourable acute safety. However, histopathological analysis revealed significant dose-dependent necrotic changes (p < 0.05) in the lungs, kidneys, liver, and spleen at doses of 400 mg/kg and above. Liver and spleen damage were detected first at this threshold. These findings indicate an LD50 above 1200 mg/kg body weight for Indonesian Ciplukan extract, supporting its acute safety. Nonetheless, subclinical organ toxicity occurred at doses of 400 mg/kg or higher, emphasizing the need for dose optimization in phytomedicine. The study provides regulatory-grade toxicological data to support evidence-based standardization of Indonesian herbal medicines and highlights the necessity for further research on sub chronic and chronic toxicity to establish safe therapeutic doses.
Co-Authors A. Haris Budi Widodo A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Aditiyono Aditiyono Aditiyono, Aditiyono Akhmad Haikal Yaafist Alfi Muntafiah Andini, Restian Febi Arundito Widikusumo Ashar, Fadli A’liyatur Rosyidah Christiana Cahyani Prihastuti Daniel Joko Wahyono Daniel Joko Wahyono Diah Krisnansari Djatmiko, Wahyu Edy Priyanto Eman Sutrisna Fitranto Arjadi Gita Nawangtantrini Haris Budi Widodo Hernayanti Hernayanti Hidayat Sulistyo Ignatius Riwanto Ignatius Riwanto, Ignatius Indah Rahmawati Indra Wijaya Indra Wijaya Irfan Dwiandhono Irse Priyaganda Bani Musa Irse Priyaganda Bani Musa Johanes Hasian Siahaan Ma'mun Ma'mun Mardhihusodo, Hajid Rahmadianto MM Rudi Prihatno, MM Rudi Muhamad Rifqy Setyanto Muhamad Salman Muhamad Salman Fareza Muhammad Yamsun Nabila Prandita Bagasworo Nafiisah, Nafiisah Nawangtantrini, Gita Nia Krisniawati Nor Sri Inayati, Nor Sri Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas Nurafia, Sindy Nusa, Arifah Pelangi Pangestu, Thomas Adi Parno Widjojo Prihatno, M. Mukhlis Rudi Rundito Rundito Saraswati Saraswati Sarjadi Sarjadi Setiawati Setiawati Soebowo Soebowo Sofyan Hardi Subagjo Subagjo Sutiman B Sumitro Sutiman B. Sumitro Sutiman Bambang Sumitro Thianti Sylviningrum Thianti Sylviningrum Thianti Sylviningrum Tirta Wardana Tirta Wardana Yamsum, M