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All Journal Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Microbiology Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perikanan dan Budidaya Perairan Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Panrita Abdi - Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Jurnal Ruaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health Jurnal Akuakultura Universitas Teuku Umar Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Jurnal Ruaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Jurnal Perikanan
DIAH AYU SATYARI UTAMI
Politeknik Kelautan Dan Perikanan Jembrana
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Dari Tradisi Menuju Inovasi: Literatur Review tentang Pengolahan Garam dan Potensi Replikasinya di Jembrana Nugraha, I Made Aditya; Budiadnyani, I Gusti Ayu; Khairunnisa, Anis; Cesrany, Mahaldika; Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari
Jurnal Perikanan Unram Vol 15 No 4 (2025): JURNAL PERIKANAN
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jp.v15i4.1581

Abstract

Salt is a strategic commodity that plays an important role in daily life, both as food, industrial raw materials, and in the health sector. Salt processing in Indonesia, especially in coastal areas, is generally carried out traditionally, which includes evaporation and boiling techniques. However, traditional salt processing in many areas, including Jembrana, Bali, still faces challenges related to product quality, production efficiency, and limited market access. Innovations in salt processing technology, such as the use of geomembranes and salt houses, have been shown to improve the quality and quantity of salt production. This article aims to review the literature related to traditional and innovative salt processing, and explore the potential for replicating these innovations in Jembrana. The results of the study indicate that Jembrana has great potential to develop an innovation-based salt industry, by adopting the latest technology and strengthening community-based business institutions. However, several gaps in technology, human resources, and institutions must be addressed to create a sustainable and competitive salt industry. With support from various parties, including the government, academics, and local communities, Jembrana has the opportunity to become a leading region in the production of high-quality local salt.
Commercial Probiotics Improve Growth, Feed Efficiency, Nitrogen Removal, Hemocyte Count and Suppression of Vibrio Population in Pacific White Shrimp Culture Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Ilham, Ilham; Insani, Liga; Kusmiatun, Anik; Wahyu, Wahyu; Yudiati, Ervia; Rahman, Rahman; Albasri, Hatim; Szuzter, Brian Walter
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.395-410

Abstract

The Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is a key species in global aquaculture, particularly under intensive farming systems where high stocking densities often lead to deteriorating water quality, disease outbreaks, and reliance on antibiotics. While probiotics are increasingly applied to enhance shrimp health and performance, comparative evidence on the efficacy of different commercial probiotic formulations remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three commercial probiotic products on growth performance, water quality, microbial populations, and immune response in intensively reared Pacific white shrimp. Shrimp were fed diets supplemented with one of three probiotics (PB, PL, and PMB) or a control diet for 40 days. Growth parameters, nitrogenous waste levels, bacterial counts in water and organs, and total hemocyte count (THC) were analyzed. The PB treatment (multi-strain Bacillus) significantly enhanced specific growth rate (2.99±0.0027% day⁻¹), feed efficiency (57.5±0.09%), weight gain, and THC (3.80 × 10⁵ cells mm⁻³) compared to control (P<0.05). The PB and PMB treatments also reduced total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, and Vibrio populations in water and shrimp tissues. Intestinal colonization by beneficial bacteria was highest in PB and PL groups. These results demonstrate that specific probiotic formulations, particularly PB, can improve growth, immunity, and water quality while reducing reliance on antibiotics and water exchange. The findings support the integration of targeted probiotics in sustainable shrimp aquaculture, including biofloc and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).
Bimbingan Teknis Pengajuan Dana Bergilir LPMUKP dan Pembuatan Proposal di SMART Fisheries Village (SFV) Pengambengan, Kabupaten Jembrana, Bali Aras, Annisa Khairani; Nisa, Andina Chairun; Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Kiswanto, Arie; Insani, Liga; Kusmiatun, Anik; Jatayu, Diklawati
Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Vol. 5 No. 3 (2024): August
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jpu.v5i3.10087

Abstract

The aim of this community service activity is to increase the understanding and skills of the SFV Pengambengan assisted group regarding applications for LPMUKP revolving funds and making whiteleg shrimp cultivation business proposals. This method of implementing community service uses technical guidance with 10 participants representing Pokdakan Mina Jaya and Pokdakan Putra Mina Jaya. Evaluation of this activity took the form of a pre-test and post-test and was analyzed using the t-test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results of this community service activity show that the SFV Pengambengan assisted group has increased their understanding regarding applications for LPMUKP revolving funds for aquaculture businesses as well as increased skills in making whiteleg shrimp cultivation business proposals which are used as one of the requirements for applications for LPMUKP revolving funds.
Technical and financial aspects of albino full red guppy fish cultivation business (Poecilia reticulata) Wahyu, Wahyu; Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Adrianti, Ni Putu Vika
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica, Vol. 12: No. 2 (August, 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v12i2.20976

Abstract

Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) albino full red variant is favored by freshwater ornamental fish hobbyists and has high demand. This study analyzes the technical and financial aspects of the guppy fish production business at Swasti Farm, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The study was conducted using a case study method. Analysis was conducted descriptively for data obtained through direct observation, interviews, and literature studies. The production activities of albino full red (AFR) guppy fish at Swasti Farm consist of; selection and maintenance of broodstock; fish spawning; fry rearing and nursery; and harvesting. Water quality management and fish health management also proceed during the production cycle. The guppy broodstock used is 3-4 months old from Swasti Farm. Fish spawning is conducted with a ratio of 2:1 between male and female broodstock. The number of offspring produced in one spawning period by the female broodstock is 42, and the final survival rate during the 80-day nursery period is 63%. The cultivation technique by Swasti Farm has been carried out well. The business profit achieved is Rp. 13,422,333 with an R/C ratio of 1.3 and a payback period (PP) of 1.3 years. The business analysis shows that the production of albino full red (AFR) guppy is a profitable and feasible business to operate. However, it is necessary to optimize the performance of cultivation production and increase the number of production units to increase profits and ensure business sustainability. Keywords: Albino Full Red; Financial Aspect; Guppy; Technical Aspec
EFFECTS OF FEEDING RATE REDUCTION ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED UTILIZATION OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP REARED USING BIOFLOC SYSTEM Kusmiatun, Anik; Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Firnaeni, Tata; Kaborang, Yasinta Ega; Harijono, Teguh; Tangguda, Sartika; Triyastuti, Meilya Suzan; Djauhari, Ricky; Tantulo, Uras; Sihombing, Mika Azarya
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 4 (2024): Desember (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.4.2024.331-343

Abstract

Biofloc in shrimp aquaculture provides natural food and reduces the reliance on commercial feed. The extent to which biofloc can optimize feeding management is not, however, fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of reducing feeding rates on the growth performance and feed utilization of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in a biofloc system. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments: K (standard feeding, clear water), N (standard feeding, biofloc), NA (25% feeding reduction, biofloc), and NB (50% feeding reduction, biofloc). Shrimp were stocked at 40 individuals per tank and fed commercial feed containing 40% protein over a 30-day period. Results showed that shrimp in the NA treatment (25% feed reduction with biofloc) had the highest final weight (8.66 ± 0.03 g), biomass (306.13 ± 14.27 g), and weight gain (5.74 ± 0.25 g) compared to other treatments (P<0.05). NA also exhibited a higher specific growth rate (3.63 ± 0.27 %/day) than K and NB. Feed utilization improved with a lower feed conversion ratio and higher protein retention in the NA group. This study highlights that a 25% feeding rate reduction in biofloc systems optimizes shrimp growth and feed utilization. Future research should explore long-term sustainability, biofloc composition variations, and technological integration for scaling up efficient and environmentally sustainable shrimp farming operations.Penggunaan bioflok dalam budidaya udang memberikan makanan alami dan mengurangi ketergantungan pada pakan komersial. Namun, sejauh mana bioflok dapat mengoptimalkan manajemen pakan belum sepenuhnya dipahami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek pengurangan laju pemberian pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan pakan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang dibudidayakan dalam sistem bioflok. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu: K (pemberian pakan standar, air jernih), N (pemberian pakan standar, bioflok), NA (pengurangan pakan 25%, bioflok), dan NB (pengurangan pakan 50%, bioflok). Udang ditempatkan sebanyak 40 individu per tangki dan diberi pakan komersial yang mengandung 40% protein selama 30 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa udang pada perlakuan NA (pengurangan pakan 25% dengan bioflok) memiliki berat akhir tertinggi (8,66 ± 0,03 g), biomassa (306,13 ± 14,27 g), dan kenaikan berat (5,74 ± 0,25 g) dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya (P<0,05). NA juga menunjukkan tingkat pertumbuhan spesifik yang lebih tinggi (3,63 ± 0,27 %/hari) dibandingkan K dan NB. Pemanfaatan pakan meningkat dengan rasio konversi pakan yang lebih rendah dan retensi protein yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok NA. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan feeding rate pakan sebesar 25% dalam sistem bioflok mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan udang dan pemanfaatan pakan. Penelitian di masa depan harus mengeksplorasi keberlanjutan jangka panjang, variasi komposisi bioflok, dan integrasi teknologi untuk meningkatkan praktik budidaya udang yang efisien dan ramah lingkungan.
GROWTH PERFORMANCES AND INTESTINAL BACTERIAL POPULATIONS OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP (Penaeus vannamei) FED WITH DIFFERENT DIETARY PREBIOTICS-SUPPLEMENTED FEED Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Wahyu, Wahyu; Insani, Liga; Yudana, I Gusti Putu Gede Rumayasa; Harijono, Teguh
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 1 (2024): (Maret 2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.1.2024.1-13

Abstract

Prebiotic applications in aquaculture are mainly given in the form of single or mixed prebiotics. A number of studies compared the effects of different doses or frequencies of a single prebiotic application. However, studies comparing different prebiotics in order to find the most effective ones for certain farmed species are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different dietary prebiotics on the growth performances and intestinal bacterial populations of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Four treatments with triplicates were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of feed supplemented with different dietary prebiotics for Pacific white shrimp, including control (without dietary prebiotic), 0.5% honey (v/w), 0.5% mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) (w/w), and 0.5% inulin (w/w). Pacific white shrimp (1.59 ± 0.12 g) were randomly stocked in 12 glass tanks (60 x 30 x 40 cm3) with a stocking density of 15 shrimp per tank. The shrimp were fed the experimental feed to apparent satiation four times daily for 30 days. Growth parameters observed consisted of final weight, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival of Pacific white shrimp, total bacterial count, total Vibrio count, and dominance of Vibrio in the intestine of experimental shrimp. Dietary prebiotics improve the growth performances of Pacific white shrimp. The highest growth performances were found in the shrimp treated with dietary honey. The improvement in growth performance may be due to the ability of honey to boost the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the intestines of Pacific white shrimp.Pemanfaatan prebiotik dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yang terdiri atas prebiotik tunggal dan prebiotik campuran. Banyak penelitian sebelumnya yang berfokus pada perbandingan dosis atau frekuensi satu jenis prebiotik tetapi tidak membandingkan jenis prebiotik yang berbeda untuk menemukan prebiotik yang paling efektif untuk spesies tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian pakan prebiotik yang berbeda terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan populasi bakteri usus udang vaname (Penaeus vannamei). Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas pemberian pakan prebiotik yang berbeda pada udang vaname meliputi kontrol (tanpa prebiotik), madu 0,5% (v/b), mannan-oligosakarida (MOS) 0,5% (b/b), dan inulin 0,5% (b/b). Udang vaname (1,59 ± 0,12 g) ditebar secara acak dalam 12 akuarium kaca (60 x 30 x 40 cm3) dengan padat tebar 15 udang per akuarium. Udang diberi pakan percobaan sampai kenyang empat kali sehari selama 30 hari. Parameter yang diamati terdiri atas bobot akhir, laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS), rasio konversi pakan (RKP), kelangsungan hidup udang vaname, jumlah bakteri total, jumlah Vibrio total, dan dominasi Vibrio dalam usus udang percobaan. Pemberian pakan prebiotik meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan udang vaname. Kinerja pertumbuhan tertinggi ditemukan pada udang yang diberi madu. Peningkatan kinerja pertumbuhan ini mungkin disebabkan oleh kemampuan madu dalam meningkatkan perkembangbiakan bakteri menguntungkan di usus udang vaname.
PREVALENSI ORGANISME PENEMPEL PADA INDUK TIRAM MUTIARA (Pinctada maxima) Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Kusmiatun, Anik; Sufiati, Anisa; Wati, Komang Sika; Djauhari, Ricky
Jurnal Ruaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol 11 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Ruaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONTIANAK

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29406/jr.v11i2.5297

Abstract

Salah satu masalah utama yang dihadapi dalam budidaya tiram mutiara (Pinctada maxima) adalah adanya organisme penempel yang melekat pada keranjang maupun pada cangkang tiram mutiara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi organisme penempel pada induk tiram mutiara yang dipelihara dengan metode long line. Obyek penelitian yang diamati adalah induk tiram mutiara yang dipelihara dengan metode long line pada kedalaman 3-5 m. Induk tiram mutiara yang diamati sebanyak 46 induk yang berumur 3-14 tahun dengan panjang, lebar, dan ketebalan cangkang 11-16,5 cm, 11,8-17,5 cm, dan 0,21-0,40 cm. Induk tiram mutiara yang diambil sebagai sampel diambil secara acak dengan mengambil 1 sampel induk/pocket net. Parameter kualitas air yang diamati terdiri atas suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, salinitas, kecerahan, total amoniak nitrogen (TAN), nitrit, nitrat, dan fosfat. Organisme penempel yang menyerang induk tiram mutiara selama penelitian terdiri atas Polydora sp., Balanus sp., Ascidian sp., Nereis sp., Cliona sp., dan Mytilus sp. Organisme penempel yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi pada induk tiram mutiara yaitu Ascidian sp. (85%), kemudian diikuti oleh Polydora sp., Balanus sp., dan Nereis sp. dengan prevalensi 80%. Cliona sp. dan Mytilus sp. menunjukkan prevalensi yang rendah pada induk tiram mutiara yaitu 37,5 dan 10%. Kualitas air pada lahan pemeliharaan induk tiram mutiara berada pada kisaran normal untuk pemeliharaan tiram mutiara.
Histopathological Analysis of Gills, Liver, and Kidneys of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Affected by Hot Lapindo Mud in Porong River, Sidoarjo-East Java Wahidi, Budi Rianto; Hakimah, Nisa; Suhermanto, Achmad; Triyastuti, Meilya Suzan; Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari
Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): JAFH Vol. 14 No. 1 February 2025
Publisher : Department of Aquaculture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jafh.v14i1.61592

Abstract

Direct discharge of Lapindo hot mud resulted in abundant toxic substances in the Porong River. The impact extended beyond water quality, affecting fish in the river the Porong River which is their habitat. This study aims to characterize the histopathology of Nile tilapia affected by hot mud and assess the environmental conditions of the Porong River. Histopathological analysis revealed edema, congestion, hyperplasia, fusion, and necrosis in gill lamellae. The kidneys exhibited degeneration, inflammation, edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis, while the liver showed hydropic degeneration, vacuolization, congestion, and necrosis. These results indicate that the toxic substances in the hot mud affect the organ conditions of Nile tilapia in the water.
Pendampingan Teknis Teknologi Tepat Guna Budidaya Udang Vaname Skala Kecil di Desa Pengambengan, Jembrana, Bali Insani, Liga; Wahyu; Ilham; Abrori, Mohsan; Sudiarsa, I Nyoman; Kusmiatun, Anik; Nisa, Andina Chairun; Aras, Annisa Khairani; Jatayu, Diklawati; Kiswanto, Arie; Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari
Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/agrokreatif.10.3.363-371

Abstract

Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is one of Indonesia's fishery commodities with high economic value in the domestic and foreign markets. They are applying appropriate technology through small-scale shrimp farming aimed to transfer technology in partner villages from traditional to intensive systems. This program was an effort to improve the welfare of the fishery community in Desa Pengambengan, Jembrana, Bali. This program was carried out in May‒July 2022, and it involved the Mina Jaya Fish Cultivator Group as the target community. The activity program was carried out through several stages, including audience activity, counseling, technical assistance, and monitoring and evaluation. The activity succeeded in increasing the knowledge and skills of the target community regarding vaname shrimp cultivation in detail. Technical assistance for cultivation activities has increased community understanding of small-scale intensive shrimp cultivation, minimizing errors and increasing program success. Monitoring and evaluation are carried out to determine the sustainability of activities in the target community. This community service activity has succeeded in increasing the productivity of Pacific white shrimp cultivation and technology transfer from the traditional system to a small-scale intensive system.
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF DOMESTICATED JIELABU FISH (Betta dennisyongi Tan, 2013) REARED WITH DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES Saputra, Fazril; Zulfadhli, Zulfadhli; Nasution, Muhammad Arif; Syarif, Ahmad Fahrul; Maftuch, Maftuch; Abdan, Mu'amar; Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Sofian, Sofian
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 20, No 3 (2025): September (2025)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.20.3.2025.307-317

Abstract

Betta dennisyongi, locally known as Jielabu fish, is an endemic ornamental species originating from southwest Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia. The fish currently faces increasing exploitation and habitat degradation which raise conservation concerns and emphasize the need for domestication efforts. This study aimed to determine an appropriate stocking density for the early culture of B. dennisyongi. The research was conducted from October to December 2023 using a completely randomized design with four stocking densities (1, 2, 3, and 4 fish L⁻¹) with three replications. Juvenile fish collected from the wild were acclimated and reared for 60 days in 10-L aquaria. Biological parameters measured included survival, specific growth rate, length gain, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency, while water quality was monitored periodically. Stocking density significantly affected survival rate and growth (p < 0.05) of B. dennisyongi, with the lowest density (1 fish L⁻¹) producing the most favorable performance, while densities of 3–4 fish L⁻¹ resulted in reduced outcomes. Feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency did not differ significantly among treatments (p > 0.05). All measured water quality parameters remained within acceptable ranges for Betta fish culture. Overall, the study indicates that lower stocking densities support better biological responses, and that 1 fish L⁻¹ is the most suitable for cultivation, while 2 fish L⁻¹ may serve as an acceptable alternative for practical application. These findings provide a foundation for developing effective domestication protocols and support conservation-oriented aquaculture of this vulnerable endemic species. Betta dennisyongi, yang dikenal secara lokal sebagai ikan Jielabu, merupakan spesies ikan hias endemik dari wilayah barat daya Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia. Peningkatan pemanfaatan dan degradasi habitatnya telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran dalam kegiatan konservasi dan menekankan perlunya upaya domestikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan padat tebar yang sesuai untuk pemeliharaan awal B. dennisyongi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2023 menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat padat tebar (1, 2, 3, dan 4 ekor L⁻¹) masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Benih ikan yang dikumpulkan dari alam diaklimatisasi dan dipelihara selama 60 hari dalam akuarium berkapasitas 10 L. Parameter biologis yang diukur meliputi kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, pertambahan panjang, pertambahan bobot, rasio konversi pakan, dan efisiensi pakan, sedangkan kualitas air dipantau secara berkala. Padat tebar berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan (p < 0.05) B. dennisyongi, di mana padat tebar terendah (1 ekor L⁻¹) memberikan performa terbaik, sedangkan padat tebar 3–4 ekor L⁻¹ menghasilkan performa yang lebih rendah. Rasio konversi pakan dan efisiensi pakan tidak berbeda nyata antarperlakuan (p > 0.05). Seluruh parameter kualitas air berada dalam kisaran yang sesuai untuk budidaya Betta fish. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa padat tebar rendah mendukung respons biologis yang lebih baik, dan 1 ekor L⁻¹ merupakan padat tebar yang paling sesuai, sementara 2 ekor L⁻¹ masih dapat diaplikasikan. Temuan ini menjadi dasar bagi pengembangan protokol domestikasi yang efektif dan mendukung budidaya yang berorientasi pada konservasi bagi spesies endemik rentan ini.
Co-Authors Abrori, Mohsan Adrianti, Ni Putu Vika Ahmad Fahrul Syarif Alan Frendy Koropitan Alfandi Fatchur Rizki Amiqatul Fikriyah Andina Chairun Nisa Anik Kusmiatun ANIK KUSMIATUN Anis Khairunnisa Anisa Sufiati Aras, Annisa Khairani Arie Kiswanto Arief Angga Maulana Budi Rianto Wahidi Cesrany, Mahaldika Dewi Rahmi Ervia Yudiati Faruq, Wifky Ezra Mohammad Febrianti, Desy Fikriyah, Amiqatul Firnaeni, Tata Gea, Sinar Wati Gustilatov, Muhamad Hakimatul Azizah Ainun Riyadi Harijono, Teguh Hatim Albasri, Hatim I Gusti Ayu Budiadnyani I Made Aditya Nugraha ILHAM Ilham Ilham Ilham Ilham Insani, Liga Ivone Christiana Jatayu, Diklawati Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Kaborang, Yasinta Ega Kiswanto, Arie Komang Sika Wati Liga Insani Maftuch Maftuch Maryani Maryani Maryani, Maryani Masya Dina Fardhani Matling Matling Matling Matling Matling, Matling Meilya Suzan Triyastuti, Meilya Suzan Mohamad Rozik Mohsan Abrori MUHAMMAD AGUS SUPRAYUDI Muhammad Arif Nasution Muhammad Chaidir Undu Mu’amar Abdan Nisa Hakimah Nisa, Andina Chairun Rahman Rahman Ramlanis, Afan Auriel Ricky Djauhari Rozik, Mohamad Shinta Sylvia Monalisa Shinta Sylvia Monalisa Sihombing, Mika Azarya Sinar Wati Gea Sofian, Sofian Sudiarsa, Nyoman Sufiati, Anisa Suhermanto, Achmad Sukenda . Sukenda Sukenda Suriansyah Suriansyah Suriansyah, Suriansyah Szuzter, Brian Walter Tangguda, Sartika Tantulo, Uras Undu, Muhammad Chaidir Wahyu Wahyu Wahyu Wahyu Wahyu Wati, Komang Sika WIDANARNI WIDANARNI Yudana, I Gusti Putu Gede Rumayasa Zulfadhli Zulfadhli