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Horizontal Building Separation Based on Government Regulation Number 16 of 2021 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees in Medan City Lilawati Ginting; Onny Medaline; Ida Hanifah
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.7132

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of the horizontal separation principle in the regulation of buildings as objects of fiduciary collateral based on Government Regulation No. 16 of 2021, with a study focus on the City of Medan. This principle allows buildings to be used as fiduciary collateral without having to pledge the land on which the building stands, thus opening up new access to credit facilities. However, the implementation of this principle still faces various obstacles, including low understanding from business actors and financing institutions, as well as limitations in the administrative system and socialization of regulations. The results of the study show that although the Building Ownership Certificate (SBKBG) has been regulated as the legal basis for fiduciary imposition on buildings, its implementation is still not optimal due to limited supporting infrastructure and technical regulations for implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening socialization, harmonization of regulations, and the readiness of related institutions to ensure legal certainty and the effectiveness of the implementation of the horizontal separation principle in supporting the development of the fiduciary guarantee system. These findings are expected to contribute to the formulation of more inclusive and responsive policies in supporting the property financing sector in Indonesia.
The Hospital's Legal Liability for the Doctor's Actions in a Therapeutic Agreement as a Form of Health Services Mangisara Darmawan Siagian; Muhammad Arifin; Ida Hanifah
Law Development Journal Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ldj.8.3.1019-1036

Abstract

The implementation of therapeutic agreements in health services often raises disputes regarding the limits of civil liability between doctors and hospitals. The development of modern healthcare practices shows that hospitals no longer function only as providers of health facilities, but also as institutions that manage service systems, supervision of medical personnel, and patient safety. This study aims to analyze the construction of hospital civil liability in the implementation of therapeutic agreements and formulate an ideal model of accountability based on the balance of health service interests. The research uses normative legal research methods with a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach through the analysis of various court decisions and laws and regulations in the health sector. The results of the study show that hospital liability in Indonesia has shifted from a fault-based liability approach that is oriented towards individual doctors' mistakes to institutional liability that places hospitals as legal subjects responsible for the quality of service, supervision, patient safety, medical records, informed consent, and clinical governance. Based on these findings, the Balanced Institutional Liability model was formulated, which is an accountability model that integrates the protection of patient rights, the protection of the medical profession, hospital institutional accountability, preventive risk management, and a fair dispute resolution mechanism in one proportionate accountability system. This model provides more equitable legal certainty in the implementation of therapeutic agreements. Research recommends the reconstruction of hospital accountability arrangements through strengthening the principle of balance of interests as the basis for health law reform in Indonesia.