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CLASSICAL NAHWU SCIENCE: THE THEORY OF I'RAB, 'AMIL, AND A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE BASRAH AND KUFA MODELS Erni Nurjaya; Ahmad Dani; Hamzah
Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 3 No. 1 Edisi Januari 2026
Publisher : PT. Jurnal Center Indonesia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62567/micjo.v3i1.1958

Abstract

This research discusses the concepts of i’rab and ‘amil in Arabic grammar and examines the methodological differences between the Basra and Kufa schools as the two primary streams in the construction of nahwu (syntax). I’rab is understood as the changes in the vowels at the end of words influenced by the presence of an ‘amil (governor) and the word's position within the sentence structure, thus playing a vital role in preserving meaning and syntactic order in the Arabic language. This study employs a qualitative approach with a library research method, tracing primary sources from the works of classical scholars and secondary sources from modern studies. Data analysis was conducted using content and comparative analysis methods to identify the epistemological characteristics of both schools. The results of the study show that the Basra school is prescriptive, rational, and selective regarding linguistic sources, whereas the Kufa school is more descriptive, flexible, and open to various speech patterns, including those considered syadz (irregular). These differing approaches impact how both schools understand and formulate the rules of i’rab and ‘amil. This study concludes that both schools provided distinct yet complementary contributions to the development of Arabic nahwu, where Basra played a role in theoretical standardization and Kufa contributed to the preservation of linguistic reality. These findings emphasize that the understanding of i’rab is not only related to grammatical aspects but is also supported by historical and epistemological perspectives within the scientific tradition of the Arabic language.
Implementasi Teori Finite State Machine Pada Sistem Kontrol Robot Lengan Berbasis Arduino dan Python Erivianto, Dino; Dani, Ahmad
RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): November - January
Publisher : Prodi Bisnis Digital Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/riggs.v4i4.3892

Abstract

Robot lengan merupakan salah satu perangkat otomasi yang memerlukan sistem kontrol presisi untuk menjalankan serangkaian operasi yang kompleks. Finite State Machine (FSM) menawarkan pendekatan sistematis dalam merancang logika kontrol yang terstruktur dan mudah dipelihara. Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan teori FSM pada sistem kontrol robot lengan menggunakan platform Arduino sebagai pengendali perangkat keras dan Python sebagai antarmuka pemrograman tingkat tinggi. Metode yang digunakan meliputi perancangan diagram state untuk memodelkan berbagai kondisi operasional robot, implementasi algoritma transisi state pada mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2560, dan pengembangan antarmuka berbasis Python untuk monitoring dan kontrol. Sistem dirancang dengan lima state utama: Idle, Initialization, Pick, Move, dan Place, dengan mekanisme transisi yang responsif terhadap input sensor dan perintah pengguna. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi FSM menghasilkan waktu respons rata-rata 127 milidetik dengan akurasi posisi mencapai 98,3 persen untuk operasi pick-and-place. Konsumsi daya sistem berkisar antara 4,2 hingga 6,8 watt tergantung pada state operasional. Sistem mampu menangani 450 siklus operasi kontinu tanpa error dengan tingkat keberhasilan 97,8 persen. Integrasi Arduino dan Python melalui komunikasi serial memungkinkan kontrol real-time dengan latensi minimal. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa FSM merupakan metode yang efektif untuk mengimplementasikan sistem kontrol robot lengan yang handal, efisien, dan mudah dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk aplikasi industri maupun edukasi.
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI WEB DALAM SISTEM PEMESANAN MAKANAN (FOOD ORDER SYSTEM) SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW Nurhinaya, Nurhinaya; Dani, Ahmad; Awalya, Nurul; Ulfani, Tri; Musfida, Firdha; Tribuana, Dhimas
Jurnal Teknologi dan Bisnis Cerdas Vol 1 No 3 (2025): Volume 1 Nomor 3 (Desember 2025)
Publisher : Plexi Digital Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64476/jtbc.v1i3.16

Abstract

The rapid advancement of information and communication technology has transformed service and business systems, including the culinary sector. One notable innovation is the web-based food ordering system, which enables customers to order and pay online without being physically present at the restaurant. This study systematically reviews the implementation of web technologies in food ordering systems using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Twenty-five scholarly articles published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed from Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect. The findings indicate that Laravel (PHP), Node.js (JavaScript), and Django (Python) are the most commonly used frameworks. The latest trend involves Progressive Web Apps (PWA) and API integrations with digital payment and order-tracking systems. These implementations enhance operational efficiency, reduce order errors, and increase customer satisfaction. However, challenges remain in data security, system scalability, and user experience. This research concludes that web technology plays a vital role in supporting digital transformation in Indonesia’s culinary industry, especially among MSMEs and university cafeterias.
Rancang Bangun Simulator Modul Kendali untuk Motor Operasi Katub Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Bagi Para Teknisi Baru di PLTU Nagan Raya Eko Prasetyo Hadi; Hamdani Hamdani; Ahmad Dani
JURAL RISET RUMPUN ILMU TEKNIK Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): April: Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Teknik
Publisher : Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jurritek.v5i1.7506

Abstract

The Motor Operated Valve (MOV) is a critical component in fluid control systems at Steam Power Plants (PLTU). Training new technicians is often hindered by limited access to actual equipment and operational safety risks. This research aims to design and develop an Arduino-based MOV control module simulator capable of simulating basic functions such as open, close, stop, and limit switch responses. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with an experimental approach. The simulator was tested using a DC motor as the simulated valve actuator, equipped with push buttons, relays, limit switches, and indicator lamps for visual feedback. The test results showed that the simulator successfully represented control functions with 100% accuracy in limit switch responses and consistent operation. User evaluations involving ten new technicians indicated an 85% satisfaction rate in terms of ease of understanding and operational safety. This simulator has proven to be an effective, interactive, and safe learning medium for new technicians at PLTU Nagan Raya.  
Co-Authors ABDUL HAMID Abubakar, Achmad Adelia Azzahra Ahmad Mujahid, Ahmad Alhabsyi, Hadija Ali Akbar Berutu Amani Darma Tarigan Amos Marganda Girsang Andi Naila Quin Azisah Aliasyahbana Arfis A Arif Maulana, Arif Arif Rahmansyah Astrina Utami Auliany, Shylvia Rizki Awalya, Nurul Azis Muslim, Azis Badogil, Hutur Tuan Beni Satria Dailami - Dewi, Nur Winda Dhimas Tribuana Dina Maulida Dina Tampubolon Dino Erivainto Dyah Ayu Putriani Eko Prasetyo Hadi Ekowijayanto, Mochlis Endang Supriatna Erni Nurjaya Evan Haviana Fahrul Fahrul Faiz, M Farid Hidayat Gebi Massing Gulo, Nico Ewaldo Fan Gultom, Dedi Harianto Hamdani . Hamdani Hamdani Hamzah Haniah Haniah Haris Gunawan Haris Gunawan Haris Gunawan Hilmy, Zakwan Jhon Wandes P. Hutagaol Khairul Saleh Khairunnisa Salsabila Purba Khalizah, Ismi Ardiandari Nur Legito . M. Irwansyah Marcellino Eliah Minanga Maria Cecelia Peni Marthin Hotniel Marisi Arigatho Simbolon Mhd. Ali Akbar Nasution Mia Fitria Muh. Zulfi Qadri mulia Mulia Mulia Musfida, Firdha Nana Rahayu, Nana Noviansyah Noviansyah Nur Rezki Fitriani Nuraprilyani Pasaribu Nurhinaya, Nurhinaya Rahmaniar Rendy Nugraha Bidangan Rolina Amriyanti Ferita, Rolina Amriyanti Sabrina, Sangkot SAKRIM SAKRIM, SAKRIM Sanjaya, Moh. Nunung Seksama Reformasi Baene Simbolon, Silvana P. Stepanus.S, Ronaldo Sulfina Abrianti Susilo, Trisno Sutan Aradji Larby Siregar Syafiqah Mangkawani Caneng Syarofi, Ibnu Tarigan, Amani Darma Tati Herlina Tyas Adi, Fajar Ulfani, Tri Wibowo, Pristisal Widodo, Panggih Williza Yanti, Williza Yanti, Sri Rahmayanti Yenni Cahya Sikala Yohani, Adisthi Martha