Rita Dewi Dewi
Departemen Biokimia-Kimia, Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta

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PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS ANTELMINTIK EKSTRAK JAHE PUTIH BESAR (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) DAN KUNYIT (Curcuma longa L.) TERHADAP CACING Ascaris suum SECARA IN VITRO Audrey Jessica Jusran; Evi Ulina M. Situmorang; Rita Dewi Firmasyah; Freggy S. Joprang
Biomedika Vol 15, No 2 (2023): Biomedika Agustus 2023
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v15i2.3311

Abstract

ABSTRACT A. lumbricoides infection causes childern death in Indonesia. Treatment of the infection can be done by giving medicine or by using herbal ingredients. Herbal ingredients to eradicate worms could be an option since they have minimal side effects. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale var. Roscoe) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) are known to have anthelmintics properties. This is an experimental research that compares the lethal effect of ginger and turmeric against Ascaris suum based on the concentration and time of exposure. A. suum worm has a morphology and life cycle that resembles A. lumbricoides and A. suum is easier to obtain, so researchers used A. suum as sample. The sample of this research is 5 A.suum adult worms on each group with three repetitions. The extract of ginger and turmeric was obtained by remaceration technique. The samples were divided into four groups on each extract, control group (NaCl 0,9%), 2%, 4%, and 8% concentration extract, then observed for 48 hours. Both ginger and turmeric lethal effect has a significant difference based on the concentration with p<0,000 to control negative. Post-hoc analysis shows no significant difference on the lethal effect between ginger and turmeric extract. Ginger and turmeric has anthelmintic activity against A.suum that depends on the amount of concentration and the time of exposure. ABSTRAK Infeksi A. lumbricoides pada anak masih menyebabkan kematian di Indonesia. Penanganan dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian obat cacing atau dengan menggunakan bahan herbal. Bahan herbal dapat menjadi pilihan karena efek samping yang minimal. Bahan herbal jahe (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) dan kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) diketahui memiliki kandungan yang bersifat antelmintik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang membandingkan konsentrasi dan waktu paparan ekstrak jahe putih besar dan kunyit terhadap kematian cacing. Cacing A. suum memiliki morfologi dan siklus hidup yang menyerupai A. lumbricoides dan A. suum lebih mudah didapatkan, sehingga peneliti menggunakan A. suum sebagai sampel. Sampel penelitian adalah cacing dewasa A. suum sebanyak 5 ekor per uji dengan pengulangan tiga kali. Ekstrak didapatkan dengan teknik remaserasi. Sampel terbagi dalam empat kelompok pada tiap ekstrak, yaitu kelompok kontrol (NaCl 0,9%), esktrak konsentrasi 2%, 4%, dan 8% lalu diamati hingga 48 jam. Hasil analisis efek letal berdasarkan konsentrasi ekstrak, kedua ekstrak jahe putih besar dan kunyit terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,000) dibanding kontrol. Analisa post-hoc untuk membandingkan kedua ekstrak, tidak didapatkan perbedaan efek letal yang signifikan antara kedua ekstrak jahe putih besar dan kunyit. Ekstrak jahe putih besar dan kunyit memiliki aktivitas antelmintik terhadap cacing A. suum yang bergantung pada jumlah konsentrasi dan lama waktu paparan.
Transcriptional Regulation of CYP2D6 by Nrf2 and Its Implications in Breast Cancer Therapy: Bioinformatics and Experimental Evidence Ferbian Milas Siswanto; Maria Dara Novi Handayani; Lonah Lonah; Rita Dewi; Zita Arieselia; Linawati Hananta; Putu Suwarastra Andarisuta
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3194

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance in patient with breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women globally. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is involved in the metabolism of TAM, and recently NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has recently been found as its regulator. However, the impact of Nrf2-mediated CYP2D6 regulation in the context of breast cancer and TAM resistance are currently unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the role of CYP2D6 and Nrf2 in breast cancer prognosis. MEDTHODS: The roles of CYP2D6 and Nrf2 were investigated in the T47D breast cancer cell line and T47D-derived TAM-resistant cells by examining the gene expression, cell viability, and transcriptional regulation by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), MTT, and reporter gene assay, respectively. Additionally, comprehensive in silico analysis of the transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were performed to uncover the prognostic role of CYP2D6 and its regulator in breast cancer patients. RESULTS: CYP2D6 mRNA was low and Nrf2 protein was high in TAM-resistant T47D cells compared to parental cells. Nrf2 knockdown upregulated CYP2D6 mRNA levels and enhanced the cytotoxicity of TAM. Similarly, in silico analysis revealed that low CYP2D6 mRNA and high Nrf2 protein were related to a lower probability of survival. The rs1238662089 within the identified Nrf2-binding site was found to greatly affect CYP2D6 expression levels, indicating its role as predictor for better prognosis. CONCLUSION: This study revealed for the first time that Nrf2 regulates CYP2D6expression in breast cancer and is involved in TAM sensitivity; thus, plays a role in breast cancer patient prognosis.KEYWORDS: breast cancer, CYP2D6, Nrf2, pharmacoepigenetics, SNPs