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Optimasi Formula Lotion Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Krisan (Crhysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trevir.)Vis.) menggunakan Kombinasi Asam Stearat dan Setil Alkohol sebagai Repelan dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design Rifkarosita Putri Ginaris; Rina Herowati; TN Saifullah Sulaiman
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 19 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Setia Budi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31001/jfi.v19i1.857

Chrysanthemum flower (Crhysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trevir.) Vis.) contains flavonoids, saponins and polyphenols which are efficacious as repellents against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Lotions with a combination of stearic acid and cetyl alcohol are used to improve adhesion and thickening. The purpose of this study was to make a lotion preparation using a combination of stearic acid and cetyl alcohol to obtain optimum physical quality and obtain an effective concentration of chrysanthemum flower extract as a repellant lotion against A. aegypti mosquitoes and a safe effect on the skin. Chrysanthemum extraction was carried out using 70% ethanol. Chrysanthemum ethanol extract was then dose oriented with a concentration of 1.2%. Chrysanthemum flower ethanol extract lotion formulations were made into 7 formulations using stearic acid and stearic acid bases, Formula I 9.00: 8.00%, Formula II 15.00: 2.00%, Formula III 11.00: 6.00 %, Formula IV 15.00: 2.00%, Formula V 13.00: 4.00%, Formula VI 7.00: 10.00%, Formula VII 11.00: 6.00%. Determination of the optimum formula using the Simplex Lattice Design method using the Design Expert program. The optimum formula is obtained, then tested for physical stability including viscosity, adhesion, dispersion and pH. Physical stability was tested using the One Way Anova method followed by Tuckey HSD. Irritation test with the method of Human 4-hour patch test and hedonic test by giving questions to probandus. Chrysanthemum extract concentration of 1.2% has pharmacological activity that functions as a repellent power of mosquitoes. The optimum combination of stearic acid and cetyl alcohol, 7% stearic acid and 10% cetyl alcohol, get optimum physical quality with the Simplex Lattice Design method. The optimum formula of chrysanthemum flower ethanol extract lotion does not have good physical quality stability based on the parameters of adhesion, dispersion, pH and viscosity during 30-day storage. The lotion irritation test results obtained an irritation index of 0, so it can be concluded that the optimum formula of chrysanthemum extract lotion extract does not cause skin irritation and is quite acceptable to probandus.

AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum) PADA TIKUS PUTIH RETINOPATI DIABETIK: ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY ETHANOL EXTRACT OF RED BETEL LEAVES (Piper crocatum) IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY WHITE RATS Madyo Adrianto; Gunawan Pamudji widodo; Rina Herowati
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i1.719

Salah satu komplikasi mikrovaskuler pada kondisi diabetes yakni retinopati diabetik dimana terjadi akibat kerusakan sel endotel pada pasien diabetes yang dapat meningkatkan ekspresi VEGF. VEGF mampu menginduksi adhesi leukosit sel endotel retina yang mengakibatkan kerusakan retina. Penelitian ini bertujuan guna mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah (EDDSM) dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah serta aktivitasnya pada kadar VEGF plasma tikus putih retinopati diabetik. Daun sirih merah dikeringkan dan dibuat serbuk halus lalu diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dengan metode remaserasi. Pengujian dilakukan pada 35 ekor tikus yang terbagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan yakni kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (Glibenklamid), EEDSM dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kgBB. Metode uji antidiabetes menggunakan induksi STZ-NA secara intraperitonial kemudian mengukur kadar glukosa, VEGF awal dan setelah perlakuan pada setiap kelompok kemudian dilakukan analisa menggunakan uji oneway Anova. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kadar glukosa darah dan VEGF plasma diperoleh perbedaan yang bermakna diantara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kontrol positif serta EEDSM dengan nilai signifikan (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian diperoleh EEDSM dosis 100 mg/kgBB ialah dosis efektif dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan % PKGD yaitu 18,22%. EEDSM dosis 200 mg/kgBB ialah dosis efektif guna menurunan VEGF plasma tikus retinopati diabetik sebesar 31,20%.

Effect of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) Leaf Ethanol Extract On Increased Creatinine and Ureum Levels In White Rat Wistar Strain Induced Streptozotosin-Nikotinamid Franz June Navirius; Gunawan Pamudji; Rina Herowati
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol 20, No 2: September 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/mf.v20i2.25457

Red betel (Piper crocatum) is a herbal plant that has various bioactivities including antioxidant activity. Red betel leaf can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and has properties as an antioxidant. This study aims to find the activity of normal levels of creatinine and urea induced by Streptozotosin-Nicotinamide in diabetic rats. Red betel leaves are extracted by soaking in 96% ethanol solvent. Phytochemical screening is used to test the class of compounds in red betel leaf extract using the test tube method. Experimental animals in the study were placed in 6 treatment groups, namely no treatment (CMC 1%), negative control (STZ-NA), positive control (Glibenclamide), dose 1 (125 mg/kg BW), dose 2 (250 mg/kg BW), and dose 3 (500 mg/kg BW). A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure creatinine and urea on days 24, 31, and 39. One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Test Multiple Comparisons-Tukey HSD were the data analyzers used. Flavonoids, tannins, saponins and alkaloids were shown from the phytochemical screening. Data analysis showed that the 500 mg/kg BW ethanol extract of red betel leaves was able to produce creatinine and urea better than the 125 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/kg BW ethanol extracts of red betel leaves. This situation is due to red betel leaf extract 500 mg/kg BW Data analysis showed that the 500 mg/kg BW ethanol extract of red betel leaves was able to produce creatinine and urea better than the 125 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/kg BW ethanol extracts of red betel leaves.

Lean Approach to Identifying Problems in Outpatient Pharmacy Installations at Simo General Hospital, Boyolali, Indonesia Setiaji Wisnu Wardana; Rina Herowati; Wiwin Herdwiani
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v4i3.335

Lean approach is a method used to analyze value-added and non-value-added activities with the aim of minimizing or eliminating the waste that happens in an institution. The purpose of this research is to identify waste and find the root cause of waste that occurred in the outpatient pharmacy installation at the Simo General Hospital. This research method is non-experimental descriptive research with a qualitative descriptive exploratory approach through questionnaires, observation, and in-depth interviews with respondents. The analysis of this research is the observation of the service process flow with value stream mapping, distributing questionnaires, Borda method to search waste critically, 5why interviews to find the root cause of waste criticism and suggestions for solving problems. The results showed that the critical waste that occurred was waste waiting with a percentage value of 23.41%. The root cause of waste waiting is the accumulation of prescription queues at the preparation, dispensing delivery of drugs, and PIO stages due to a lack of pharmaceutical technical personnel. The proposed improvement in waste waiting is to increase the number of pharmacy officers by first calculating the workload.

Evaluation of Drug Management and Improvement Strategies Using the Hanlon Method in the Pharmacy Installation of Ki Ageng Selo Wirosari General Hospital, Grobogan Regency, Indonesia Nugroho Wisnu Putro; Rina Herowati; Gunawan Pamudji Widodo
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v4i3.338

Drug management in the hospital is one of the important hospital management. Its inefficiency can have a negative impact on the hospital, both medically and economically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate drug management at the pharmacy installation of Ki Ageng Selo General Hospital by using efficiency indicators and implementing improvement strategies using the Hanlon method. This study uses a descriptive design for data that is retrospective and concurrent. Data in the form of quantitative and qualitative accompanied by interviews with related parties. All stages of drug management at the Pharmacy Installation of Ki Ageng Selo General Hospital were measured for their level of efficiency using indicators from the Ministry of Health, Permenkes, and WHO, then compared with standards and described based on priority analysis of action plans using the Hanlon method. The results of the study according to the standards were: the suitability of the available drug items with the RS Formulary (92.21%), the frequency of delayed payments (5 times), the percentage of correctness between the drug and the stock card (100%), the level of drug availability (12 months), average time spent serving prescriptions to patients (non-concocted 7.7 minutes, concocted 17 minutes), percentage of prescriptions with generic drugs (84.9%). Stages of drug management that are not in accordance with standards, namely: the percentage of available capital/funds with all the funds needed (202.14%), the percentage of drug procurement funds allocation (20.17%), the percentage of expired drug value (8.1%), the number of drug items per prescription sheet (4.27). Priorities for handling problems are as follows: 1) Monitor drugs for a maximum of 6 months before the ED, 2) Increase the role of KFT in evaluating and coordinating with doctors regarding the use of drugs to avoid polypharmacy, 3) Evaluation is needed every 3 months or 6 months for budget revisions, 4) carry out an evaluation at the end of each year to determine the budget and better coordination between drug managers and hospital fund providers.

Problems Treatment Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients with PCNE 9.1 and Correlation to Therapy Outcomes Okky Intan Mawarni; Rina Herowati; Samuel Budi Harsono
International Journal of Global Sustainable Research Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : MultiTech Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59890/ijgsr.v1i3.805

Drug-Related Problems in T2DM patients based on patient therapy patterns with or without comorbidities. DRP analysis is based on PCNE 9.1 guidelines analysing the domains causing problems in treatment, then bivariate data analysis (chi-square) to test the relationship between results and DRP type and continued with a multivariate test to see the connection between results and DRP type. The research results were three related variables related to DRPs and LOS, 15 cases of errors in drug selection, and eight instances of errors of treatment duration due to the absence of initiation of maintenance doses. Dose selection errors occurred in year 16, caused by an amount too low. It is recommended to research analysis prospectively so that the status of DRPs can be determined.

AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum) PADA TIKUS PUTIH RETINOPATI DIABETIK: ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY ETHANOL EXTRACT OF RED BETEL LEAVES (Piper crocatum) IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY WHITE RATS Madyo Adrianto; Gunawan Pamudji widodo; Rina Herowati
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i1.719

Salah satu komplikasi mikrovaskuler pada kondisi diabetes yakni retinopati diabetik dimana terjadi akibat kerusakan sel endotel pada pasien diabetes yang dapat meningkatkan ekspresi VEGF. VEGF mampu menginduksi adhesi leukosit sel endotel retina yang mengakibatkan kerusakan retina. Penelitian ini bertujuan guna mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah (EDDSM) dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah serta aktivitasnya pada kadar VEGF plasma tikus putih retinopati diabetik. Daun sirih merah dikeringkan dan dibuat serbuk halus lalu diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dengan metode remaserasi. Pengujian dilakukan pada 35 ekor tikus yang terbagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan yakni kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (Glibenklamid), EEDSM dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kgBB. Metode uji antidiabetes menggunakan induksi STZ-NA secara intraperitonial kemudian mengukur kadar glukosa, VEGF awal dan setelah perlakuan pada setiap kelompok kemudian dilakukan analisa menggunakan uji oneway Anova. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kadar glukosa darah dan VEGF plasma diperoleh perbedaan yang bermakna diantara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kontrol positif serta EEDSM dengan nilai signifikan (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian diperoleh EEDSM dosis 100 mg/kgBB ialah dosis efektif dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan % PKGD yaitu 18,22%. EEDSM dosis 200 mg/kgBB ialah dosis efektif guna menurunan VEGF plasma tikus retinopati diabetik sebesar 31,20%.

AKTIVITAS ANTI-INFLAMASI FRAKSI-FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GANDARUSSA (Justicia gendarussa Burm. F) PADA TIKUS PUTIH Rosa Juwita Hesturini; Rina Herowati; Gunawan Pamudji Widodo
JURNAL PHARMA BHAKTA Vol 2 No 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : FAKULTAS FARMASI, INSTITUT ILMU KESEHATAN BHAKTI WIYATA

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Latar belakang: Salah satu tanaman potensial Indonesia yang telah diketahui kegunaannya sebagai analgetika dan anti-inflamasi dengan penggunaan secara empiris adalah Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa). Gandarusa diketahui mengandung steroid, terpenoid, alkaloid, dan flavonoid. Tujuan: Mengetahui aktivitas anti-inflamasi fraksi-fraksi ekstrak etanol gandarusa dengan penginduksi λ-karagenan. Metode: Ekstrak etanol daun gendarussa difraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan air. Uji anti-inflamasi dilakukan dengan induksi λ-karagenan pada bagian subplantar kaki belakang dan diamati pembengkakan dengan plestimometer. Dosis ekstrak dan fraksi daun gandarusa berturut-turut yaitu 250 mg/kgbb, 500 mg/kgbb, fraksi n-heksana 314 mg/kgbb, fraksi etil asetat 41,05 mg/kgbb dan fraksi air 144,8 mg/kgbb dengan kontrol negatif CMC 0,5% dan kontrol positif asetosal 360 mg/kgbb. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas anti-inflamasi dimunculkan pada ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air. Fraksi etil asetat 144,8 mg/kgbb menunjukkan aktivitas anti-inflamasi yang sebanding dengan asetosal. Analisa kandungan senyawa pada penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan adanya kandungan fitokimia aktif yaitu flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid dan tanin yang diduga bertanggung jawab sebagai anti-inflamasi dengan mekanisme yaitu merangsang biosintesis protein lipomodulin yang menghambat kerja enzimatik fosfolipase yang mempengaruhi aktivitas metabolisme enzim asam arakhidonat. Simpulan: Aktivitas optimal ditunjukkan oleh fraksi etil asetat 41,05 mg/kgbb dengan penurunan udema pada kaki tikus.

The correlations of interpersonal communication pharmacists with compliance medication in patientof diabetes mellitus type 2 Meylinda Widyasari; Rina Herowati; Samuel Budi H
Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 8, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu

Drug compliance is often associated with interpersonal relationships. Good interpersonal relationships depend on how interpersonal communication is established. This study aims to identify the relationship between interpersonal communication of pharmacists and drug compliance of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) outpatients and identify the most dominant interpersonal and communication factors influencing drug compliance and its external factors. The samples of this study were patients who met the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from questionnaires, observations, and medical records. The data were tested for validity and reliability using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using chi-square, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. The results of the study showed characteristics that affect drug compliance are DM drugs used and the number of drugs received. The results of bivariate analysis p-value less than 0.05 mean there was a relationship between the interpersonal communication of pharmacists (openness, empathy, supportive behavior, positive behavior, and equality) and drug compliance of Type 2 DM outpatients at RSUD Jaraga Sasameh. The most dominant interpersonal communication factor was positive behavior with an exp (B) value of 16.013. External factors affecting were supporting facilities, and time. Abstrak: Kepatuhan minum obat seringkali dikaitkan dengan hubungan interpersonal. Hubungan interpersonal yang baik tergantung bagaimana sebuah komunikasi interpersonal dibangun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan komunikasi interpersonal apoteker dengan kepatuhan minum obat pasien DM Tipe 2 rawat jalan, mengetahui faktor komunikasi interpersonal paling dominan dan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat. Sampel adalah pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data diperoleh dari pengisian kuesioner oleh pasien, observasi dan rekam medik. Kuesioner sebelum digunakan untuk pengambilan data di uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Data yang diperoleh dari kuesioner kemudian dianalisis univariat, bivariat menggunakan chi square dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menujukkan karakteristik yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat yaitu obat DM yang digunakan dan jumlah item obat yang diterima. Hasil menganalisis bivariat angka p kurang dari 0,05 maknanya ada relasi diantara komunikasi interpersonal apoteker (keterbukaan, empati, tingkah laku suportif, tingkah laku positif serta kesetaraan) dengan ketaatan minum obat pasien DM Tipe 2 rawat jalan pada RSUD Jaraga Sasameh. Hasil analisis multivariat faktor komunikasi interpersonal paling dominan adalah perilaku positif dengan nilai exp (B) sebesar 16,013. Faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi adalah sarana penunjang, dan waktu.

AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN INGGU (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN DENGAN METODE INDUKSI KARAGENAN DAN RADIASI UV Kusniawati, Mega Ayu; Ningsih, Dwi; Herowati, Rina
JURNAL ETNOFARMASI Vol 1 No 01 (2023): JURNAL ETNOFARMASI
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong

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Inflamasi merupakan suatu respon tubuh terhadap cedera. Salah satu tanda inflamasi adalah edema. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol daun inggu dan mengetahui dosis ekstrak etanol daun inggu yang memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi paling optimal dengan metode induksi karagenan dan radiasi UV. Daun inggu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Pengujian dilakukan pada 25 ekor tikus dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (CMC Na), kontrol positif (Natrium Diklofenak 4,5 mg/kg BB), ekstrak etanol daun inggu dengan dosis 25 mg, 50 mg dan 100 mg/kg BB. Pada metode induksi karagenan pengukuran aktivitas antiinflamasi dilakukan dengan mengukur volume edema pada telapak kaki tikus yang diinduksi dengan lambda karagenan 0,8%. Pada metode radiasi UV pengukuran aktivitas antiinflamasi berdasarkan skor eritema akibat induksi radiasi UVB. Data yang diperoleh dilakukan analisa ANOVA dan LSD untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar kelompok perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun inggu dosis 25 mg, 50 mg dan 100 mg/kg BB mempunyai aktivitas antiinflamasi dengan metode induksi karagenan sedangkan dosis 50 mg dan 100 mg/kg BB mempunyai aktivitas antiinflamasi dengan metode radiasi UV. Ekstrak etanol daun inggu dosis 100 mg/kg BB mempunyai aktivitas antiinflamasi paling optimal dan sebanding dengan kontrol positif pada kedua metode. Kandungan yang diduga berefek sebagai antiinflamasi yaitu flavonoid dan steroid

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