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Not All Determinants Are Equal: A Systematic Literature Review of Education, Employment Status, and Household Size in Household Extreme Poverty Yusuf Husain; Agus Suman; Dias Satria
Journal of Mathematics Instruction, Social Research and Opinion Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : MASI Mandiri Edukasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58421/misro.v5i3.1829

Abstract

Extreme poverty remains an urgent global development challenge. Determinants such as education, employment status, and household size are often studied in isolation, fragmenting understanding of their interactions, while findings are inconsistent, particularly for household size and informal employment, motivating this review. This study synthesizes empirical evidence on how educational attainment, employment status, and household size affect the probability of household extreme poverty, identifying patterns of consistency and inconsistency across prior studies. Following PRISMA guidelines, this Systematic Literature Review searched Scopus using a Boolean string combining keywords for education, employment status, household size, and extreme poverty. Studies were selected via inclusion and exclusion criteria on year, language, type, and relevance; extraction was narrative, without formal quality assessment. Twelve studies support a negative education effect, though two report non-significant or reversed results. Eight studies link unstable employment to higher poverty risk, but only two directly test the formal-informal dichotomy. Nine studies agree that a larger household size raises poverty risk, though the magnitude varies up to sevenfold. Education and household size offer the most consistent evidence as determinants, while employment status needs further direct testing given reliance on non-equivalent proxies. Future research should integrate all three determinants into a single model and apply meta-analysis to test the identified magnitude gaps.
Mandalika Specifics: A Conceptual Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges in Tourism-Based Development Strategy in Indonesia Lalu Suryadi S; Agus Suman; Marlina Ekawaty; Ferry Prasetyia
Journal of Business, Social and Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Business, Social and Technology
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/jbt.v7i1.591

Abstract

Background: The development of tourism-based Special Economic Zones is one of the Indonesian government's strategies to drive regional economic growth, attract investment, and reduce development disparities between regions. The Mandalika Special Economic Zone in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, is a national priority project designed as a new growth center through the integration of investment, infrastructure, and the development of world-class tourism sectors. Objective: This study aims to analyze the strategic rationality of area development, identify opportunities for economic, social, and environmental benefits, and evaluate the challenges of implementing inclusive and sustainable development. Methods: The research uses a qualitative approach with a conceptual design through literature studies and analysis of policy documents relevant to the development of special economic zones and tourism development. The analytical framework integrates the theory of special economic zones, the tourism-led growth hypothesis, and the perspectives of sustainable and inclusive development. Results: The analysis results indicate that the Mandalika SEZ has significant potential to drive regional economic growth through increased investment, job creation, strengthening the service sector, and enhancing national tourism competitiveness. Strategic infrastructure and the hosting of international events have also increased the region's visibility on a global level and created economic multiplier effects for supporting sectors, including micro, small, and medium enterprises. However, this study also identifies various key challenges including land acquisition issues, the inclusiveness of development for local communities, pressure on the carrying capacity of the coastal environment, and the complexity of governance and institutional coordination. The long-term success of the region greatly depends on the ability to integrate economic growth with the principles of environmental sustainability and social justice. Conclusion: Therefore, strengthening governance, participatory planning, developing local community capacity, and implementing sustainable development principles are key factors in ensuring that the Mandalika SEZ not only functions as an international tourist destination but also as an instrument for inclusive and sustainable regional economic transformation.
Co-Authors A.S., Putu Mahardika Agatha Christy Permata Sari Agung Yuniarinto Ahmad Erani Yustika Ahmad Erani Yustika Alfian Adiwantomo Alika, Denisya Angga Yanuar Triesmarandita Anisa Fitria Utami Anisa Fitria Utami Anisa, Vera Novia Antariksa Antariksa Aqilla Cinantya Wara Dayinta Ardina, Sovia Armanu - Thoyib Asadyawan Putra Asfi Manzilati Astini, Natasya Dyah Putri Atu Bagus Wiguna Auza, Tahta Azzera Bagyo Yanuwiadi BAIDOWI - - Batik, Karlina Bayu Krisnamurthi Benyamin - Parubak Bintang, Ikhsan Bunga Hidayati Bunga Hidayati David Kaluge DAVID KALUGE Davina Jeihan Zafira Devanto Shasta Pratomo Dias Satria Dwi Budi Santoso Dwi Budi Santoso Dwi Susilowati Dwiki Wicaksono, Dwiki Eka Afnan Troena Eka Intan Kumala Putri Ekawati, Marlina Faisol Muttaqin, Alfin Fauziah, Nurafikatul Febitania, Nabila Zakia Ferry Prasetyia Frederic Winston Nalle Ghozali Maskie Grace Sumbung Habibie, Muhammad Fadhlan HAMAMAH, M.Pd. Haya, Aulia Aqila Hendika S.L. Ibrahim - - Ida Ayu Nyoman Saskara Indah Dewi Nirwana Iswan Noor Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Jeany Mandang Jose Rizal Joesoef Kamila, Adelia Cahya Karimah, Haifa Asma Karlina Batik Katili, Annisa Pratiwi Khairani Alawiyah Matondang KHOIRUL ANAM Khusnul Ashar Khusnul Ashar Khusnul Ashar Khusnul Ashar Killian, Pantri Muthriana Erza Kliwon Hidayat Krisnawati, Estifania Lalu Suryadi S M Pudjiharjo M Umar Burhan M. Firmansyah M. Firmansyah M. Umar - Burhan M.S. Idrus Maesur Sindi, Amalia Marlina Ekawaty Matondang, Khairani Alawiyah Muhammad Eko Purnomo Musyaffa, Muhammad Ashari Neli Aida Ni Nyoman Yuliarmi Noer Soetjipto Nur Farida Nuraini, Adinda Putri Nurhuda, M. Paulus Kindangen Pinatih, Ni Komang Desy Arya Prasetya, Lalu Muhammad Azmi Pudjihardjo .. Putu Mahardika A.S. Putu Mahardika Adi Saputra Rachmad Kresna Sakti Rachmad Kresna Sakti Rahel Kimbal Rajasa, Muhammad Attar Indra Renaldy Rakhman Luthfi Riniati Rizaldi, Muhammad Rizki Nufiarni, Rizki Ronny Ersya Novianto Putra Rosyidah, Lathifatul Rudi Masniadi S.M. Kiptiyah Sasongko Sasongko Sasongko Sasongko, Sasongko Satti Wagistina Setiawan, Fredy Nugroho Siti Hamidah Siti Rohima Sitoresmi, Luthfiah Nur Soemarno Soemarno Supriani, Indri Surachman Surachman Susilo . Susilo Susilo Sutrisno - Djaja Treesye I Turang Ubud - Salim Virnanda, Yohana Widiyanti, Dwi Retno Wildan Syafitri Yohanes Hadi Soesilo Yusuf Husain Zuhdiyaty, Noor