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Fitranto Arjadi
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Purwokerto
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Journal : INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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Acute oral toxicity and dose-dependent histopathological effects of Indonesian Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) extract in Sprague-Dawley rats Sylviningrum, Thianti; Inayati, Nor Sri; Setiawati, Setiawati; Arjadi, Fitranto; Novrial, Dody
JURNAL INDONESIA DARI ILMU LABORATORIUM MEDIS DAN TEKNOLOGI Vol 7 No 2 (2025): From Natural Compounds to Disease Mechanisms: An Integrated Research Outlook
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/ijmlst.v7i2.7921

Abstract

The growing global interest in herbal medicines underscores the importance of safety assessments for traditional plants. Physalis angulata L. (Ciplukan) demonstrates therapeutic potential, yet data on Indonesian extracts remain limited. This study evaluated the acute oral toxicity and determined the median lethal dose (LD50) of Indonesian Ciplukan extract. Twenty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=5): control (aqueous), and four groups that received extract at 100, 400, 800, or 1200 mg/kg body weight. Over 14 days, researchers monitored clinical signs, body weight, food intake, and organ weights in accordance with Acute Oral Toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 425). Major organs were examined histopathological using the modified International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria. No mortality or significant behavioral changes were observed at any dose. Rats maintained normal body weight gain and food intake. The LD50 was determined to be exceeded 1200 mg/kg, indicating favourable acute safety. However, histopathological analysis revealed significant dose-dependent necrotic changes (p < 0.05) in the lungs, kidneys, liver, and spleen at doses of 400 mg/kg and above. Liver and spleen damage were detected first at this threshold. These findings indicate an LD50 above 1200 mg/kg body weight for Indonesian Ciplukan extract, supporting its acute safety. Nonetheless, subclinical organ toxicity occurred at doses of 400 mg/kg or higher, emphasizing the need for dose optimization in phytomedicine. The study provides regulatory-grade toxicological data to support evidence-based standardization of Indonesian herbal medicines and highlights the necessity for further research on sub chronic and chronic toxicity to establish safe therapeutic doses.
Co-Authors . HERNAYANTI Agatri, Norina Ahmad, Faiq Alaika Ailsa, Shafa Alfi Muntafiah Amilia Ramadhani Aminuyati Andromeda Andromeda Christiana Cahyani Prihastuti Denok Tri Hardiningsih Diah Krisnansari Dinar Faiza Dita Ayu Dewi Laras Sati Diyah Woro Dwi Lestari Dody Novrial Dody Novrial, Dody Dzicky Rifqi Fuadi Edy Priyanto Edy Priyanto Fani Tuti Handayani, Fani Tuti Fidnillah, Diva Azka Fitri Diah Oktadewi Ginus Partadireja Hajid Rahmadianto Harini, Ika Murti Haris Budi Widodo Hernayanti Hernayanti Hidi, Aulli Rahman Ika Murti Harini Joko Mulyanto, Joko Joko Setyono Kasum Kasum Khusnul Muflikhah Kuncoro, Prasetyo Tri Lantip Rujito Lientje Setyawan Maurits Lientje Setyawati Maurits Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih Mahardhika, Gembong Satria Mahindra Awwaludin Romdlon Mas'ud, Ahmad Fawzy Maulida, Adzkia Mubayinul Khoeroh Muhamad Rifqi Setyanto Mulyono Pangestu Mulyono Pangestu Mulyoto Pangestu MULYOTO PANGESTU Mustofa Mustofa Mustofa Mustofa Mustofa Mustofa Nenden Nursyamsi Agustina Nia Krisniawati Nitiprodjo, Abdul Hakim Nor Sri Inayati, Nor Sri Norina Agatri Norina Agatri Nur Signa Aini Gumilas Nursan Saad Pauzi, Rizqi Yanuar Prasetyo Tri Kuncoro Pratama, Radya Putra Pugud Samodro Putri, Prima Maharani Qodri Santosa Rangga Wisnu Wardana Rizak Tiara Yusan Saefuddin Aziz Saefuddin Aziz Samodro, Pugud Setiawati Setiawati Setiawati Setiawati Sindhu Wisesa Sindhu Wisesa Sindhu Wisesa Sirajuddin, Mohammad Salman Slamet Riyanto Soegianto, Jap Yulius Billy Sri Kadarsih Soejono Sri Kadarsih Soejono Susiana Candrawati Thianti Sylviningrum Tirta Wardana Tuti Sri Suhesti Vitasari Indriani Vitasari Indriani Vitasari Indriani Wahyu Siswandari Wahyu Siswandari Wahyu Siswandari Wahyudin Wahyudin Widiartini, Catharina Widyaningsih, Pratiwi Nur Wisesa, Sindhu Yudhi Wibowo Yulia Fauziyah Zhafira, Adistya Hasna