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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Archive of Community Health Buletin Udayana Mengabdi Bumi Lestari BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Agrointek Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Media Ilmiah Teknologi Pangan (Scientific Journal of Food Technology) ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran Cassowary AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Acitya Wisesa: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Widya Mahadi Nata Palemahan: Journal of Environmental Engineering Innovations Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Science Open Access DRIVERset
Yan Ramona
Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Veterinary

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Korosi Mikroba pada Infrastruktur Logam: Tantangan dan Strategi Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Ciawi, Yenni; Ramona, Yan
Nata Palemahan: Journal of Environmental Engineering Innovations Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38043/natapalemahan.v1i2.5652

Abstract

Korosi mikroba (MIC, microbiologically influenced corrosion) merupakan masalah pelik di berbagai industri, khususnya pada sektor minyak dan gas, infrastruktur kelautan, dan pengolahan air, karena aktivitas mikroba mempercepat degradasi permukaan logam secara signifikan. MIC umumnya oleh bakteri, arkea, dan jamur yang membentuk biofilm pada logam, dan menyebabkan reaksi elektrokimia lokal yang memicu korosi. Tinjauan ini berfokus pada mikroorganisme utama yang terlibat dalam MIC, seperti bakteri pereduksi sulfat (SRB, sulfate-reducing bacteria), bakteri pengoksidasi besi (IOB, iron-oxidizing bacteria), dan metanogen, serta menjelaskan bagaimana faktor lingkungan, seperti ketersediaan oksigen, konsentrasi nutrisi, pH, suhu, dan salinitas, mendukung pertumbuhan mikroba dan korosi logam. Berbagai metode deteksi MIC dievaluasi, seperti analisis mikrobiologi, metode elektrokimia seperti spektroskopi impedansi elektrokimia (EIS, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), metode uji non-destruktif, serta teknologi sensor real-time. Selain itu, strategi mitigasi MIC, seperti penggunaan material tahan korosi, pelapis antimikroba, biosida, dan sistem perlindungan katodik, dibahas secara rinci. Teknologi baru seperti pelapis pintar (self-healing), nanomaterial, dan sistem bioelektrokimia juga disebutkan sebagai solusi menjanjikan untuk pengelolaan MIC yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan. Dengan mengintegrasikan metode deteksi dan mitigasi yang canggih, industri dapat melindungi infrastruktur penting dari dampak jangka panjang korosi mikroba dan mengurangi secara signifikan biaya akibat kerusakan oleh MIC.
The POTENTIAL OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA, ISOLATED FROM SEVERAL SOURCES, TO INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF Candida albicans ATCC10231 Ramona, Yan; Darmayasa, Ida Bagus Gede; Dharmawan, Komang; Sudaryatma, Putu Eka; Teriyani, Ni Made; Batho, Yanuarius Felix; Inabuy, Fainmarinat Selviani
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.1868

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS- Lactic acid bacteria have potential to control candidiasis or Candida albicans. - The novelty of this study is to advance the potential of lactic acid bacteria to control candidiasis infection in human, with a view to develop novel LAB-based probiotic candidates with capability to inhibit/prevent infection by C. albicans, the causative agent of candidiasis.ABSTRACTThe main aims of this research were to isolate and identify potential lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inhibitory to Candida albicans. The LAB sources were kimchi, honey and vaginal secrete of healthy women. They were isolated with a view to develop a novel alternative method with reduced use of antifungal agents in the treatment of patients infected by such fungal pathogen. Isolation of the LABs was conducted by applying dilution spread method on de Mann Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRSA) medium supplemented with bromo cresol purple (BCP) indicator. Once purified, they were tested for antagonism against C. albicans in dual culture assays. LAB isolates that showed significant inhibition against the pathogen were identified using 16s rDNA sequences and their sequences were aligned with those of known sequences deposited at the Gene Bank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The results showed that 46 among more than 100 LABs isolated in this study significantly inhibited the growth of C. albicans in the in vitro dual culture assays, and all showed resistance property to antifungal agent (fluconazole). This indicated that they all have potential to be synergically applied with reduced use of fluconazole in the therapy. The most potential isolates (10 isolates) were closely related to three LAB species, namely Lactobacillus paracasei, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Pediococcus pentosaceus, based on their 16s rDNA sequence similarities with those deposited in the GenBank.
The THE POTENCY OF CINNAMON (Cinnamomum burmanni Blume) LEAF EXTRACT AS A BIOPRESERVATIVE AGENT FOR FOOD SAFETY OF SATE LILIT: - Darmayasa, Ida Bagus Gede; Ramona, Yan; Darmadi, Anak Agung Ketut; Suanda, I Wayan; Hani, Ni Luh; Shetty, Kalidas
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2165

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- Cinnamon leaf extract combats E. coli in traditional Balinese food.- Natural preservative reduces harmful pathogens in sate lilit.- Cinnamon extract offers a safer alternative to synthetic preservatives.- Active compounds in cinnamon leaves inhibit bacterial growth.- Effective biopreservative for enhancing food safety and quality. ABSTRACTEscherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of the meat used in preparing sate lilit, a favorite traditional food in Bali, Indonesia, has been a great concern for both local people and foreigners. Although C. burmanni has been included in its spice ingredients, active compounds that play a significant role in this pathogen have limitedly been elucidated. The main objectives of this research were to investigate the potency of this plant to control contaminants and elucidate possible compounds that prevent such contaminants by applying the disk diffusion method and LCMS analysis, respectively. The results showed that the leaf extract of this plant inhibited the in vitro growth of E. coli O157:7, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and LC50 values of 4% and 2.59%, respectively. The LCMS analysis chromatogram showed that the plant extract's most active fraction produced nine peaks, representing nine possible active compounds. Among those, three compounds (Azoxystrobin, Stigmatellin Y, and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol) were suspected of contributing to control contamination, especially by E. coli O157:H7.
Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Randle) Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan In Vitro Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Dan Escherichia coli Yuliya Ayu Lestari; Yan Ramona; Fainmarinat Selviani Inabuy
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Program Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2024.v11.i02.p9

Abstract

Serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Randle) merupakan tanaman yang umum digunakan masyarakat untuk mengobati eksim, diare, batuk pilek, serta sebagai obat kumur, karena tanaman ini memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50) dari ekstrak etanol daunnya pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Selain itu, golongan senyawa kimia yang terkandung di dalam ekstrak daun serai wangi juga dielusidasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sumur difusi dan menguji lima konsentrasi ekstrak daun serai wangi (10, 20, 30, 40, 50% b/v), etanol 96% dan Ciprofloxacin masing-masing berperan sebagai kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif. Nilai LC50 dihitung dari persamaan regresi yang diperoleh dari kurva yang menunjukkan hubungan antara konsentrasi dengan kerapatan sel mikroba uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai MIC ekstrak terhadap S. aureus dan E. coli adalah 2%. Konsentrasi paling efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus adalah 10% dengan diameter hambatan sebesar 12,4±0,52mm, dan terhadap E. coli adalah 30% dengan diameter hambatan sebesar 10,4±0,65 mm. Nilai LC50 S. aureus dan E. coli berturut-turut sebesar 4,71% (b/v) dan 3,35% (b/v). Golongan senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol daun serai wangi adalah flavonoid, polifenol, alkaloid, steroid, dan tanin. Kata kunci: Daya hambat, sumur difusi, konsentrasi, fitokimia
Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Randle) Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan In Vitro Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Dan Escherichia coli Yuliya Ayu Lestari; Yan Ramona; Fainmarinat Selviani Inabuy
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Program Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2024.v11.i02.p9

Abstract

Serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Randle) merupakan tanaman yang umum digunakan masyarakat untuk mengobati eksim, diare, batuk pilek, serta sebagai obat kumur, karena tanaman ini memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50) dari ekstrak etanol daunnya pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Selain itu, golongan senyawa kimia yang terkandung di dalam ekstrak daun serai wangi juga dielusidasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sumur difusi dan menguji lima konsentrasi ekstrak daun serai wangi (10, 20, 30, 40, 50% b/v), etanol 96% dan Ciprofloxacin masing-masing berperan sebagai kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif. Nilai LC50 dihitung dari persamaan regresi yang diperoleh dari kurva yang menunjukkan hubungan antara konsentrasi dengan kerapatan sel mikroba uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai MIC ekstrak terhadap S. aureus dan E. coli adalah 2%. Konsentrasi paling efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus adalah 10% dengan diameter hambatan sebesar 12,4±0,52mm, dan terhadap E. coli adalah 30% dengan diameter hambatan sebesar 10,4±0,65 mm. Nilai LC50 S. aureus dan E. coli berturut-turut sebesar 4,71% (b/v) dan 3,35% (b/v). Golongan senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol daun serai wangi adalah flavonoid, polifenol, alkaloid, steroid, dan tanin. Kata kunci: Daya hambat, sumur difusi, konsentrasi, fitokimia
GROWTH INHIBITION OF FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGENS BY ANTAGONIST BACTERIA USING DUAL CULTURE ASSAYS Ramona, Yan
BIOTROPIA Vol. 28 No. 3 (2021): BIOTROPIA Vol. 28 No. 3 December 2021
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1344

Abstract

There has been excessive use of chemical-based pesticides globally, resulting in significant environmental consequences with adverse effects on human health. Therefore, more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative solutions are needed to counter such environmental and health challenges. Development of biocontrol methods is a sustainable solution to these challenges. The main objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of potential antagonist bacteria to inhibit important fungal plant pathogens in vitro by applying dual culture assays on potato dextrose agar (PDA) or trypticase soya agar (TSA) media, with a view to isolate and screen potential antagonists for the development of future biocontrol agents. The target pathogens were Fusarium oxysporum, Ceratocystis sp., Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger, commonly found infecting horticultural plants in Bedugul Village in North Bali Island. The antagonist bacteria were isolated from various sources such as soil from the rhizosphere zone, roots of lettuce plants, and mature compost. The potential of antagonist candidates was screened on the basis of inhibitory activity against targeted fungal pathogens. Bacterial antagonists with the highest zones of inhibition were identified up to the genus level using biochemical tests, and the results were matched with those specified in Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Fifteen bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from various sources, and 60% of these isolates showed antagonistic activity in vitro against fungal pathogens with varying degrees of inhibition. This indicated the initial potential for development as biocontrol agents. Based on preliminary identification, the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas were found to be the predominant isolates, and in addition, the genus Acinetobacter was also identified in this study.
YEAST PROBIOTICS WITH POTENTIAL TO ASSIMILATE CHOLESTEROL IN VITRO Ramona, Yan; Ariwathi, Ni Luh Putu
BIOTROPIA Vol. 29 No. 3 (2022): BIOTROPIA Vol. 29 No. 3 Desember 2022
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1768

Abstract

 In the last two decades the use of yeasts as new probiotics has increased significantly. Therefore, our current research was focused on the investigation of yeasts for novel probiotic development in Bali. The main objectives of this research were to isolate and characterize yeasts isolated from ragi tape (dried mix cultures of microorganisms normally used in the fermentation of rice or cassava in Indonesia) and tape ketan (fermented sticky rice) for possible use as yeast-based novel probiotics, with capability to assimilate cholesterol in vitro. In this study, the potential yeast isolates were evaluated for survival at low pH conditions (pH 2, 3, or 4) and in high levels of sodium deoxicholic (NaDC), at concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 mM. In addition, the yeast isolates were also evaluated for their ability to assimilate cholesterol in vitro and to elucidate biotransformation of cholic acid into deoxycholic acid. This study led to 10 isolates that were resistant to pH levels of 2, 3, or 4 and to NaDC at concentration of higher than 0.4 mM. Most of those isolates were also found to assimilate cholesterol in vitro at the rate of between 18% and 76% in 24 hours incubation. In the biotransformation test, none of those isolates transformed cholic acid into deoxycholic acid, indicating that they are safe and have potential to be developed into novel probiotics, either for human or cattle
SUSTAINABLE BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT: MITIGATING ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS AND SUPPORTING MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY Gabrina Tonyes, Silvia; Ramona, Yan; Rukayadi, Yaya; Ciawi, Yenni
BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 1 (2026): BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 1 January 2026
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2026.33.1.2504

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS• Reviews global ballast water management for ecological sustainability• Integrates technological, policy, and social perspectives• Links ballast water control to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)• Identifies hybrid treatment systems as most effective and eco-safe• Proposes strategies for harmonized global compliance and cooperationABSTRACTBallast water is crucial for the stability and safety of ships but poses significant environmental, economic, and public health risks due to the introduction of invasive species, pathogens, and pollutants into marine ecosystems. This review explores the ecological impacts of ballast water discharge, including biodiversity loss, ecosystem disruption, and public health threats from pathogens and harmful algal blooms. Economic consequences, such as damage to fisheries, aquaculture, and coastal infrastructure, are discussed, along with the social impacts on communities reliant on marine resources. Existing regulatory frameworks, such as the International Maritime Organization's Ballast Water Management Convention, and national policies aim to mitigate these challenges but face implementation and enforcement hurdles. Advancements in treatment technologies are reviewed, including mechanical, chemical, physical, and emerging methods like advanced oxidation processes, electrochlorination, and nanotechnology. Integrated treatment systems are highlighted for their potential to address the limitations of single-method approaches. Case studies illustrate successful implementations, while challenges in cost, scalability, and compliance are identified. The review emphasizes the alignment of ballast water management practices with sustainable development goals, advocating for innovation, international collaboration, and capacity building to enhance effectiveness. Future directions include the optimization of treatment technologies, harmonization of regulations, and incentivization of compliance to achieve global environmental and economic resilience. This review underscores the urgency of advancing sustainable ballast water management to protect marine ecosystems, support coastal economies, and promote public health worldwide.
The Antagonistic Potential of Kimchi-Associated LAB Against Histamine-Producing Pathogens in Seafood Dewantara, Putu Satrio Jhanardana; Lastini, Ni Putu Bintang Diah; Diarsa, Made Okta Hapsari Putri; Satwika, Pande Gede Putra; Yuliastuti, Dwi Ariani; Dwipayana, I Dewa Agung Panji; Ramona, Yan
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Program Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2025.v12.i01.p3

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a crucial role in food fermentation, for example in kimchi, a traditional Korean dish. These bacteria don’t only function in food preservation and probiotics, but also exhibit antimicrobial activity through the production of compounds like bacteriocins. This study introduces a novel approach in using LAB from kimchi for inhibiting the growth of Morganella morganii, a major histamine-producing pathogen in fish products. Histamine accumulation poses severe food safety risks, necessitating an innovative natural solutions. LAB isolates from both solid and liquid fractions of kimchi were screened on selective media and characterized biochemically for traits such as fermentation type and acid production. Antimicrobial efficacy, assessed via the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, revealed inhibition zones averaging 6.98 ± 0.04 mm for liquid and 6.40 ± 1.34 mm for solid fractions. Despite their lower efficacy compared to chloramphenicol (30.80 ± 1.92 mm), the eco-friendly nature of LAB highlights their unique potential as a sustainable alternative for histamine control. This study is among the first to explore kimchi-derived LAB as antagonists against M. morganii, providing a novel perspective for developing green technologies in food safety and quality management.
The Antagonistic Potential of Kimchi-Associated LAB Against Histamine-Producing Pathogens in Seafood Dewantara, Putu Satrio Jhanardana; Lastini, Ni Putu Bintang Diah; Diarsa, Made Okta Hapsari Putri; Satwika, Pande Gede Putra; Yuliastuti, Dwi Ariani; Dwipayana, I Dewa Agung Panji; Ramona, Yan
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Program Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2025.v12.i01.p3

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a crucial role in food fermentation, for example in kimchi, a traditional Korean dish. These bacteria don’t only function in food preservation and probiotics, but also exhibit antimicrobial activity through the production of compounds like bacteriocins. This study introduces a novel approach in using LAB from kimchi for inhibiting the growth of Morganella morganii, a major histamine-producing pathogen in fish products. Histamine accumulation poses severe food safety risks, necessitating an innovative natural solutions. LAB isolates from both solid and liquid fractions of kimchi were screened on selective media and characterized biochemically for traits such as fermentation type and acid production. Antimicrobial efficacy, assessed via the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, revealed inhibition zones averaging 6.98 ± 0.04 mm for liquid and 6.40 ± 1.34 mm for solid fractions. Despite their lower efficacy compared to chloramphenicol (30.80 ± 1.92 mm), the eco-friendly nature of LAB highlights their unique potential as a sustainable alternative for histamine control. This study is among the first to explore kimchi-derived LAB as antagonists against M. morganii, providing a novel perspective for developing green technologies in food safety and quality management.
Co-Authors A. Line, Martin A.A. Ketut Darmadi Agestiawan, I. G. A. M. Agung Panji Dwipayana, I Dewa Alayna Himawan Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat Anak Agung Ketut Darmadi Anak Agung Ngurah Nara-Kusuma Ananda Sri Phartiswari Andriani, Luh Nyoman Ary Metta Anissa Maria Hidayati Ariwathi, Ni Luh Putu Ayu Amelia Bagas Susilo Batho, Yanuarius Felix Cok. Istri Dewiyani Cakrawati Cokorda Istri Sri Arisanti Dandy Bimantara Dewa Ayu Andriastini Dewa Ayu Swastini Dewantara, Putu Satrio Jhanardana Diah Kharismawati Djereng Diarsa, Made Okta Hapsari Putri Dwipayana, I Dewa Agung Panji Esti Arisetya Dewi Fainmarinat Selviani Inabuy Fainmarinat Selviani Inabuy Fernando Putra Flavia Fionessa Falenda Shanzet Fukuda Kenji Gabrina Tonyes, Silvia Gusti Ayu Dianti Violentina Gustu Widi Putra Hani, Ni Luh Helda Thorikul Affan I D.P. Kartika Pratiwi I Dewa Gede Cahyadi Kusuma I Dewa Made Sukrama I G. A. Widagda I Gusti Agung Gde Bayu Wirama I Gusti Ngurah Jemmy Anton Prasetya I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika I Ketut Junitha I Made Oka Adi Parwata I Made Saka Wijaya I N.K. Widjaja I Nengah Sujaya I Putu Aditya Prayoga I Putu Oka Suartama I W BUDIARSA SUYASA I Wayan Suanda I Wayan Suardana I. M. A Sasmitha I.B. Oka Suyasa I.D.P.K. Pratiwi IBG Darmayasa Ida Ayu Ketut Ariningsih Ida Ayu Putu Suryanti Ida Ayu Sri Sinca Maha Uni Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa Ida Bagus Made Suaskara Inabuy, Fainmarinat selviani Irma Damayanti K.R Suciptha Kadek Wegi Kurnilia KOMANG AYU NOCIANITRI Komang Dharmawan Kusuma, I Dewa Gede Cahyadi Lastini, Ni Putu Bintang Diah Meitini Proborini Wahyuni N. N. Rupiasi N.G.A Manik Ermayanti N.W.A. Utami Nadia Khairunnisa Nadya Treesna Wulansari Ni LUH ARPIWI Ni Luh Made Ema Juliasari Ni Luh Suriani Ni Made Susilawati Ni Made Teriyani Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati Ni Nyoman Rupiasih Ni Putu Adriani Astiti Ni Putu Desy Aryantini Ni Putu Eka Leliqia Ni Putu Indiani Sahaning Karna Ni Putu Linda Laksmiani Ni Putu Suariani Ni Putu Widarini Ni Putu Widiantari Ni Wayan Eka Putri Gayatri Kastawa Ni Wayan Nursini NYOMAN SEMADI ANTARA Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro Pande Putu Ayu Sukmawati Putu Eka Sudaryatma Putu Rima Sintyadewi Retno Kawuri SANG KETUT SUDIRGA Satwika, Pande Gede Putra Sentot Joko Raharjo Septiari, I Gusti Ayu Agung Shetty, Kalidas Sri Wahyuni Sumartin N.W.E. Tadashu Urashima Teriyani, Ni Made Viviandari, I D. A. A Wayan Redi Aryanta Wulandari, Kristina YAYA RUKAYADI Yenni Ciawi Yoshitake Orikasa Yuji Oda Yuliastuti, Dwi Ariani Yulidia Iriani Yulidia Iriani Yuliya Ayu Lestari Yustiantara, Putu Sanna Zulfa, Rozifatul