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Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Volcanic Aerosols: Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) Analysis During the Eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki Khusnani, Azmi; Jufriansah, Adi; Wahab, Dedi Suwandi; Samana, Fazaki Ramadhani Anwar; Bahruddin, Sitti Arafah; Anwar, Zaina; Nursilawati, Wingki; Arifin, Anggun Syafira
Jurnal Penelitian Sains Teknologi Vol. 2, No. 1, March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/saintek.v2i1.15729

Abstract

In November 2024, the eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki on Flores Island, Indonesia, resulted in the release of substantial volcanic aerosols, including sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and volcanic debris. These aerosols impacted the environment, health, and aviation activities. The objective of this investigation is to examine the temporal and spatial dynamics of volcanic aerosols by employing the Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) in conjunction with TROPOMI satellite data (Sentinel-5P). The methodologies employed are as follows: spatial-temporal analysis with Google Earth Engine (GEE), aerosol dispersion simulation with the HYSPLIT model, and data processing with the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP). The results indicated a substantial increase in volcanic activity from November 8th to 11th, 2024, as evidenced by an ash column that reached a height of as much as 10,945 m. The distribution of aerosols was influenced by atmospheric dynamics, with high concentrations observed in the vicinity of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki and extending to the east-southeast. Although the level of volcanic activity declined in late November, aerosol concentrations were still detected in the atmosphere. This investigation offers critical insights into the distribution of volcanic aerosols during the eruption and its effects on disaster risk mitigation and air quality. It is anticipated that these discoveries will facilitate the implementation of more sustainable and effective risk management strategies for volcanic eruptions.
Fuzzy Logic-Based Classification of Crescent Moon Images Using Contrast and Thickness Pramudya, Yudhiakto; Firdausy, Kartika; Jufriansah, Adi; Okimustava, Okimustava; Khoirunnisa, Itsnaini Irvina; Murti, Bayu Krisna; Hidayah, Rihmah Alifah; Murinto, Murinto; Maulidan, Muhammad
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v8i2.14964

Abstract

Accurate determination of the crescent moon (hilal) is crucial for establishing the start of lunar months in the Islamic calendar; however, observations are frequently hindered by daylight conditions, atmospheric disturbances, and subjective visual interpretation. This research proposes a fuzzy logic-based classification system to evaluate crescent moon images using contrast and arc thickness as input parameters, providing a transparent, rule-based alternative to black-box machine learning models for hilal visibility assessment. Images were collected on four distinct observation dates (May 28, 2025, August 5, 2024, September 16, 2023, and May 9, 2021) under varying atmospheric conditions and crescent appearances. Each image underwent pre-processing to extract quantitative measures of arc contrast and thickness, which were subsequently fuzzified using triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. A fuzzy inference system employing expert-defined rules was then used to compute a visibility score for each observation. The resulting visibility scores of 0.4691, 0.4604, 0.4689, and 0.4154, respectively, placed all four observations within the “partially visible” category. These findings demonstrate the system's capability to manage observational ambiguity in daylight conditions, showing potential for reliable classification while still requiring validation on larger datasets and clear non-visibility cases, and offering a transparent and interpretable framework to support more consistent and standardized hilal classification for calendrical purposes.
Tsunami event in Flores: literature review Khusnani, Azmi; Jufriansah, Adi; Thalo, Ota Welly Jenni
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v7i2.74625

Abstract

The Flores Sea has experienced devastating earthquakes with magnitudes >7 over the past 30 decades. It can trigger a tsunami and provide important theoretical, experimental, and field information. The seismicity study stated that the island of Flores had experienced tsunamis during the pre-instrumental period (1815, 1818, 1820, and 1836) and the pre-instrumental period in 1992. This study discusses the development of tsunami research in Flores using a literature review approach. The data source comes from the Scopus database, with data analysis using VOSviewer. The search results obtained a total of 22 documents, with the result that the 1992 Flores earthquake became the main research topic and the beginning of the era of modern tsunami science.
Comparison of aftershock behavior of the flores sea 12 december 1992 and 14 december 2021 Jufriansah, Adi; Khusnani, Azmi; Pramudya, Yudhiakto; Afriyanto, Mulya
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 7, No 1 (2023): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v7i1.71609

Abstract

Over 30 years, the Flores region experienced earthquakes with Mw >7 twice, namely in 1992 and 2021 at shallow depths <60 km. However, the behavior of the aftershocks accompanying the quake has yet to be studied in detail. This research aims to compare the behavior of aftershocks after the main earthquake. This research uses three-lifetime analysis functions, namely, Wilber3, Mustang Web Browser, and comparison of Probability Density Function Hazard. The data used comes from IRIS data and BMKG Online Data. Through graphical analysis, it is known that the data for the time difference for aftershocks follow the RMS distribution, indicating that the Flores Sea aftershock on 12 December 1992 occurred with high intensity on the 3rd and the 6th day after the main earthquake. Meanwhile, the aftershocks in the Flores Sea on 14 December 2021 tended to occur with a more even intensity during the observation period, but the power returned to high on the 7th day
Co-Authors Ade Anggraini Afriyanto, Mulya Agam Akhmad Syaukani, Agam Akhmad Ahdiany, Dian Ahmad Iqbal Hidayat Ajah Saputra Akib, Irwan Al Sanaani, Ali Essam Alfarizi Alfarizi Alip, Isma Anggraini, Ade Anomeisa, Agnesia Bergita Anwar, Zaina Anwari, Ardiansyah Risko Aprianti, Anyela Arief Hermanto Arief Hermanto Arief Hermanto Arif Jamali Arifin, Anggun Syafira Arip Nurahman Asmia Fransiska Aurelia Aleny Ayu Hernita Ayuba, John Azmi Khusnani Bahruddin, Sitti Arafah Bogar, Dominika Yonavista Budi Jatmiko Budi Jatmiko Bukangdonu, Feronika Colomeischi Aurora Adina Danar Aswim Danur Dara Setiamukti Deni Luvi Jayanto Deti, Maria Dhema, Magdalena Dian Ahdiany Donuata, Pujianti Bejahida Dwi Prastyo Dwi Sulistyaningsih Dwi Sulisworo Edwin Ariesto Umbu Malahina Eko Purnomo Endang Sulastri Endang Sulastri Erwin Prasetyo Farizi, Zakaria Al Febriyanto Arif Nugroho Fitri Nur Hikmah Fitri, Moh. Fitria Eka Wulandari Fitriany, Devinda Nur Florentinus Primarius Naraama Koten Fransiska Antonia Sari Hafizhatu Nadia Halili, Siti Hajar Binti Halim Hamsa, Berlian Hamzarudin Hikmatiar Hamzarudin Hikmatiar Harun Joko Prayitno Heri Siswanto Hidayah, Rihmah Alifah hikmatiar, hamzarudin Irfan Miftahul Fauzi Isma Alip Jaudin, Santi Hasan Jayadin Kanisius Goreti Sangi Kartika , Ika Kartika Dewi Rahmawati Kartika Firdausy Khoirunnisa, Itsnaini Irvina Khusnani , Azmi Koesoemo Ratih Konsenius Wiran Wae Kurniaji, Ganno Tribuana Lazwardi, Ahmad Leto, Kristina Theresia Ma'rup Mahmud, Randy Saputra Maodjud, Siti Hamia Margiono Margiono Margiono, Margiono Maria Elvina Maria Yosephien Retna Tinon Kawuri Maulana, Mahesa Maulidan, Muhammad Maure, Osniman Paulina Meda, Helmiana Dua Moh. Toifur Mohammad Fitri Mohammad Fitri Muhamad Taufik Arifin Muhammad Akbar Muhammad Syahriandi Adhantoro Mulya Afriyanto Murinto Murinto Murti, Bayu Krisna Murtiningsih, Tenny Mu’min, Muhammad Amirul Naufal Ishartono Ngaga, Elisabeth Jaa Niehlah, Anis Rohadatul Nisa, Kartini Rahman Noly Shofiyah Noor Aida Aflahah Nova Tri Romadloni Nuniati Nuniati Nurahman, Arip Nurdin H. Abd. Rahman S. Nurlina Nurlina Nurrahman, Arip Nursilawati, Wingki Nursina Sya'bania Okimustava Okimustava Ota Welly Jenni Thalo Pandu Pribadi Pradita, Rachel Aulia PRASETYO, ERWIN Pribadi, Pandu Purnama , Aventus Puteri Novianty Rahmawati Husein, Rahmawati Rakuasa, Heinrich Ratnasari Diah Utami Razak, Rafiza binti Abdul Rhavida Anniza Andyani Rifai , Ahmat Rizky Habibur Rohman Sabarudin Saputra Saharul Saharul Saharul Saharul, Saharul Sahlan Sahlan Sahlan Samana, Fazaki Ramadhani Anwar Servia Sina , Tuti Asmianti Sina, Tuti Asmianti Sofiyudin, Muh Subandi, Yunita Kristianti Suritno - Fayanto Suwandi Wahab, Dedi Sya’bania, Nursina Tade , Ferdi Taha A, Ali Abdulraoof Tanti Diyah Rahmawati Tanti Diyah Rahmawati, Tanti Diyah Thalo, Ota Welly Jenni Tria Puspita Sari Wae, Konsenius Wiran Wahab, Dedi Suwandi Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih Yanto Yanto Yohakim, Yoman Ribeta Ratu Yoman Ribeta Ratu Yohakim Yomianus Bura Yudhiakto Pramudya Yudhiakto Pramudya Yudhiakto Pramudya Yunita Kristianti Subandi Z. Zulfakriza Zulfakriza, Zulfakriza