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Sarwono Hardjomuljadi
Universitas Mercu Buana
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Kepastian Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Kontrak Konstruksi Melalui Arbitrase Arief, Ediyanto; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono; Sami’an, Sami’an
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): (JIHHP) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik
Publisher : Dinasti Review Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jihhp.v5i4.4329

Abstract

Kontrak konstruksi memiliki dua aspek yang penting untuk dipelajari yaitu aspek legal dan aspek bisnis.  Aspek legal dalam kontrak konstruksi berkaitan juga dengan aspek pengakhiran perjanjian/pemutusan kontrak, penghentian sementara pekerjaan (suspension of work), penyelesaian sengketa (dispute of settlement), bahasa yang berlaku (the rulling language), serta addendum dan amandemen kontrak. Pada Undang-Undang No 2 Tahun 2017 tentang Jasa Konstruksi Pasal 88, diatur mengenai penyelesaian sengketa konstruksi. Tahapan penyelesaian sengketa dengan cara : a. mediasi, b. konsiliasi, c. arbitrase. Selain 3 (tiga) tahapan ini, untuk mediasi dan konsiliasi bisa digantikan dengan membentuk dewan sengketa (dispute board). Permasalahannya adalah (1) Mengapa terjadinya sengketa pada jasa konstruksi ? (2) Bagaimana kepastian hukum penyelesaian sengketa konstruksi yang melalui Arbitrase ?. Metode pendekatan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dan sosiologis atau socio normative legal research. Teori-teori hukum yang digunakan diantaranya teori keadilan, teori sistem hukum dan teori perjanjian. Kesimpulan, (1) penyebab sengketa pada urutan pertama dikarenakan kontraktor terlambat menyelesaikan pekerjaan, (2) Pembatalan putusan arbitrase membuat tidak adanya kepastian hukum dari putusan arbitrase yang bersifat final dan mengikat.
Arbitrase dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Klaim Biaya Konstruksi Akibat Perpanjangan Waktu: Studi Hukum Perjanjian di Indonesia Indahwati, Amaliyah Noor; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.388

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the resolution of construction cost claim disputes arising from time extensions, focusing on the arbitration mechanism. The findings indicate that delays in the completion of construction projects not only give rise to cost claim disputes but also necessitate a meticulous analysis of the causes of the delays and the responsibilities of the parties involved. In this regard, arbitration offers a more effective and efficient dispute resolution mechanism than litigation. The advantages of arbitration, including the speed of the process, confidentiality, expertise of arbitrators, procedural flexibility, and binding awards, make it a favourable option for the parties. Therefore, the parties must pay close attention to the arbitration clause in the construction contract. This clause must be formulated clearly and definitively, encompassing the types of construction cost claim disputes arising from time extensions, including claims for price adjustment, overhead costs, extension of performance bonds, material demurrage, and equipment idleness. In addition, the parties can also utilize the Binding Opinions of the BANI Arbitration Center as an instrument for dispute prevention and resolution. For information, Binding Opinions have binding legal force on the parties and are enforceable through the District Court. Thus, the Binding Opinions of the BANI Arbitration Center are beneficial as a dispute resolution instrument and contribute to the development of legal scholarship.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Konstruksi melalui Negosiasi: Studi Kasus Perubahan AMDAL untuk Proyek Infrastruktur Ketenagalistrikan Sebastian, Reza Rafly; Wisatrioda, Bayu; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.389

Abstract

Electricity infrastructure development in Indonesia often faces disputes that can potentially hinder project completion. One of the prominent issues in construction disputes is the amendment to the EIA, which is legally regulated by Law Number 32 of 2009 and Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study on Project X, an electricity transmission line construction project. Data were collected through literature review, document analysis, and participatory observation of the negotiation process. The results show that the Contractor’s financial constraints were the root of the dispute in Project X, which had implications for the delayed completion of the amendment to the EIA. Negotiation, as an ADR mechanism, played a crucial role in resolving this dispute. The success of the negotiation was supported by interactional dynamics characterized by effective communication, adaptive leadership, and comprehensive data support. This case study affirms the repositioning of negotiation as an effective dispute resolution mechanism in the construction context, especially involving environmental aspects. This research also emphasizes the importance of compliance with EIA regulations, especially Law Number 32 of 2009 and Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, and highlights the need for effective communication strategies in the negotiation process to reach a sustainable agreement.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Konstruksi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air melalui Dewan Sengketa Tetap: Studi Kasus PLTA Asahan 3 Wisatrioda, Bayu; Sebastian, Reza Rafly; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.392

Abstract

Electricity deficits in North Sumatra have hindered regional economic growth. The Asahan 3 HEPP, a national strategic project, was constructed to address this crisis. However, the Lot I Civil Works contract encountered complexities, resulting in 25 contractor claims within the first 20 months. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the SDB in resolving construction disputes at the Asahan 3 HEPP following a contract amendment. Employing a qualitative case study with a descriptive-analytical approach, the research examines the dynamics of dispute resolution before and after SDB activation. Primary data were gathered through interviews and observations, while secondary data were sourced from project documents and relevant legal literature. The findings indicate that the Engineer’s Determination proved ineffective, with only one claim resolved prior to the amendment. Contract Amendment No. 1 activated the SDB clause in accordance with the FIDIC Harmonised Edition 2010 General Conditions, replacing the previously implemented Ad-hoc mechanism. Post-amendment, the SDB, comprising independent experts, successfully issued five formal opinions, resolving all 25 contractor claims. This success was underpinned by the competence of the SDB members, their comprehensive understanding of the project, and the efficiency of the procedures. The study concludes that SDB activation was a strategic step that minimized conflict escalation. The SDB contributed significantly, effectively, and efficiently to the resolution of construction disputes at the Asahan 3 HEPP, aligning with Law Number 30 of 1999 and Law Number 2 of 2017.
Concurrent Delay dan Penyesuaian Harga pada Kontrak Multi-Years: Perspektif Hukum Konstruksi Indonesia Sumantri, Mahfiar Fajar Akbar; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.399

Abstract

This research examines the legal implications of concurrent delay in price adjustments in multi-year contracts within Indonesian construction projects. The absence of specific regulations concerning concurrent delay in Law Number 2 of 2017 and its implementing regulations creates legal uncertainty and has the potential to trigger disputes. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the legal and empirical aspects of concurrent delay and price adjustments. Employing a normative juridical approach and case studies of construction projects experiencing concurrent delay, this research analyzes relevant legislation, contract clauses, and dispute resolution practices. The results show that concurrent delay introduces complexities in allocating responsibility and calculating compensation, especially concerning overhead claims and price adjustments. The case studies reveal that the success of claims is highly dependent on the completeness of documentation and the strength of legal argumentation. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of drafting anticipatory multi-year contracts and implementing effective risk management to mitigate the risks of concurrent delay. This research recommends the development of more comprehensive regulations on concurrent delay and encourages parties to prioritize dispute resolution through negotiation and mediation.
Interpretasi Waktu Pelaksanaan Ketika Terjadi Perubahan Keadaan: Studi Kasus Penyesuaian Harga dalam Kontrak Pembangunan Saluran Udara Tegangan Ekstra Tinggi Lampung Wisnuaji, Haryo; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.400

Abstract

This normative legal research analyzes disparities in interpreting work execution timelines in implementing the price adjustment clause in the Lampung EHV Overhead Line Construction Contract, which were complicated by significant changes in circumstances. The change in the transmission line route caused delays, triggering differences in viewpoints between PLN and the contractor regarding the cut-off for price adjustment calculations. The contractor argues for using factual indicators of work completion, referring to the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus. Meanwhile, PLN adheres to indicators related to the initial commitment based on the principles of pacta sunt servanda and nemo auditur. This research uses statute, conceptual, and case approaches to examine the Lampung EHV Overhead Line Construction Contract. The research findings show that neither approach, if applied rigidly, produces a fair cut-off. Therefore, this research formulates normative parameters that link the cut-off to the most relevant indicator, plus an adjusted duration that considers the impact of changes in circumstances and internal contractor factors. These parameters aim to achieve contractual justice, legal certainty, and objective, transparent, and accountable implementation of price adjustment based on the principle of good faith.
Penerapan Asas-Asas Hukum dalam Perjanjian Jasa Konstruksi: Suatu Kajian Normatif Wiraantaka, Jaka Adiprasetya; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.401

Abstract

Construction service contracts, as crucial legal instruments in infrastructure development, require a strong foundation of civil law principles. This research aims to normatively examine the application of civil law principles in construction service contracts, integrating the perspectives of the Civil Code and Law Number 2 of 2017. This normative legal research employs statute, conceptual, and philosophical approaches, as well as teleological and sociological analyses. The research findings indicate that formal principles, such as freedom of contract, consensualism, good faith, privity, and fair competition, form the foundation for the validity of contracts. Meanwhile, substantive principles, such as pacta sunt servanda, reasonableness, custom, balance, equality, partnership, and deliberation to reach a consensus (musyawarah mufakat), determine the substance of a fair and sustainable contract. However, teleological and sociological analyses reveal complex dynamics in their application. Unequal bargaining power, standard clauses, discrimination, and short-term orientations hinder the optimal realization of these principles. Therefore, synergy among stakeholders is needed to increase legal awareness, strengthen regulations, enforce business ethics, and revitalize local wisdom values so that legal objectives can contribute to achieving state goals.
Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Terkait Klausul Keadaan Kahar dalam Kontrak Konstruksi: Studi Kasus Pengadaan Jasa di BUMN Triwijaya, Helmy Yulian; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.402

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in the execution of construction contracts, leading to disputes related to force majeure claims. This article examines the force majeure dispute resolution mechanism in construction contracts at XYZ Ltd, an Indonesian SOE. This research employs normative and empirical legal approaches, with a case study on XYZ Ltd. Primary data were obtained through analysis of construction contract documents, a legal opinion from the State’s Attorney, and other relevant documents. Secondary data includes statutory regulations, court decisions, and related legal literature. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and case analysis techniques. The research findings reveal that XYZ Ltd resolved disputes with service providers through negotiation, taking into account the legal opinion from the State’s Attorney, which recognized the pandemic as force majeure but emphasized the principles of pacta sunt servanda and good faith. The involvement of the BPKP through a claim audit strengthened accountability and good corporate governance. The audit results served as the basis for negotiations to minimize state financial losses. This research highlights the complexity of applying force majeure clauses in construction contracts, the importance of renegotiation, and the crucial role of legal opinions and independent audits in dispute resolution at SOEs.
Mewujudkan Persaingan Sehat dalam Proses Pengadaan Jasa Konstruksi di Perusahaan Listrik Negara: Suatu Kajian Normatif Lessy, Achmad Syabril; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.403

Abstract

Construction services procurement at PLN Ltd carries a high risk of unfair competition practices, which can hinder the development of national electricity infrastructure. This research aims to analyze the normative framework and evaluate the effectiveness of mechanisms for preventing unfair competition practices in construction services procurement at PLN Ltd. This normative legal research employs a statute approach and a conceptual approach, with library research techniques for data collection. The research findings indicate that the normative framework governing business competition in construction services procurement at PLN Ltd is comprehensive, encompassing Law Number 5 of 1999, Law Number 2 of 2017, Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018, and Board of Directors Regulation Number 0018.P/DIR/2023. Nevertheless, harmonization among regulations needs to be enhanced. Implementing prevention mechanisms, such as e-purchasing and internal oversight units, is not yet optimal due to system quality, independence, and stakeholder awareness. To enhance the effectiveness of prevention, it is recommended that the implementation of GCG at PLN Ltd be strengthened, synergistic oversight by KPPU and LKPP increased, and service provider compliance with fair competition principles improved.
Claim for Costs Due to Rerouting of SUTT 150 kV New Garuda Sakti – Perawang Wesleyzon Sitompul; Sami'an, Sami'an; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
International Journal of Law Policy and Governance Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Peneliti Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54099/ijlpg.v4i1.1222

Abstract

Purpose –This study aims to analyze the impact of design changes from lattice tower to steelpole on the 150 kV New Garuda Sakti - Perawang electricity transmission project, with a focus on legal and financial implications, including cost claims, material efficiency, and land acquisition. Methodology/approach –This study uses a qualitative approach with analysis of contract documents, applicable legal regulations, and technical data related to the project. Additional data were obtained through a literature review of relevant regulations, such as Presidential Regulation No. 16 of 2018 and Law No. 2 of 2017, as well as the international standard FIDIC Conditions of Contract. Findings –The design change from lattice tower to steelpole provides material efficiency because it utilizes waste material without new procurement. The use of land owned by the road eliminates the need for land acquisition, but there are additional costs arising from the adjustment of installation and labor. From a legal perspective, claims for additional costs are acceptable if they are in accordance with the contract and supported by valid documentation.. Novelty/value –Given the importance of cost claims management and legal compliance in infrastructure projects, this research provides important insights for construction industry players in managing design changes and legal challenges.  
Co-Authors A. F, M. Dhika Adhitya Ade Nurmala Ade Nurmala, Ade ADI SAPUTRO Agung Aditya Ahmad Migdad Alaydrus Akas, Martika Setyo Amalia Khusnawati, Atik Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Anggi Raditya Anik Kunantiyorini Anondho, Basuki Anrizal, Anrizal Aprianto . Arfiansyah, Fathir Arief, Ediyanto Arjon, Arjon Asep Rachmatullah Aulia, Zuvika Alfi Azhari, Boby Ali Baharuddin, Ifdal Baroroh, Eric Conshita Hubertha Dhiu Deka Yudhit Maristyo P. Dwi Edi Wibowo Dwian Prakoso, Angga Edi, Dwi Efendy, Prasetyo Elfriandi, Elfriandi Erik Winada Fransiska, Era Galih Adya Taurano Ganis Vitayanty Noor Hadamean, Join Hari Anggeriksari Helmi Umar Ambadar Hendrik Sulistio Hendrik Sulistio Hendrik Sulistio Heni Kustiah Imanto, Yuwono Indahwati, Amaliyah Noor Irdayani Irdayani Jamhari Jamhari Jo Johnson Junaedi Junaedi Kadiyono, Kadiyono Kenny Kapuasiana Khairul Imam Koespiadi Kusumastuti, Purnaning Siwi Kuswijanarko, Anjar Laia, Kharisman Lapasau, Ronald Lessy, Achmad Syabril Loso loso Lutfi Mustakim M. Agung Wibowo Malinda, Yosie Marlia Dyah Salindri Hardjito Mawardi Amin Mega Maharani Hutahaean Mega Waty Mudri Mudri Muhammad Reza Aditya Ready Niniek Lannyati Nuris Wahyudi Nurul Listanto Pakpahan, Alfredo Pakpahan, Petra Firman Pasaribu, David Mangara Putra Hidayat PUTU IKA WAHYUNI Rahayu Subekti Rahmiko, Eko Roni Febrianto Rudy Nugroho S.Sami'an Sami'an Sami'an, Sami'an Samian Sami’an Sami’an, S. Sami’an, Sami’an Sandi Andika Surya Putra Saragih, Hidbar Roberta Sebastian, Reza Rafly Setijanto, Augustinus Shanti Astri Noviani Simanjuntak, Indra Jadi Siti Kautsariyah Sitompul, Wesleyzon Sriyono D. Siswoyo Sudarsono Sumantri, Mahfiar Fajar Akbar Sungkara, Fajar Suryani, Sandra Sutikno Sutikno Suwandi Suwandi Suyono Dikun Syafi'udin, Achmad Syafrie, Hambali Syafrijon Triwijaya, Helmy Yulian V, Divo Septyo Wesleyzon Sitompul Wibowo, Singgar Mataniari Wicaksono, Ario Widiatmoko, Ndaru Seto Widya Pramana, Agus Pawitra Winada, Erik Winata, Eduardus Gerald Wiraantaka, Jaka Adiprasetya Wisatrioda, Bayu Wisnuaji, Haryo Yanti Yanti Yanuar, Riko Yulistiawati, Wina