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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA ZOO INDONESIA JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri, Kesehatan) Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Biologi Nukleus Zoo Indonesia International Journal of Social Service and Research Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science Makara Journal of Science Policy Brief Pertanian, Kelautan, dan Biosains Tropika Jurnal Natural Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
RIKA RAFFIUDIN
Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University. Jl. Agatis, Kampus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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CURRENT STATUS OF APIS MELLIFERA BEEKEEPING IN SUMATRA: TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIA'S HONEY INDUSTRY Purwanto, Didik B.; Purwantini, Tri Bastuti; Diana, Akso; Raffiudin, Rika; Sahlan, Muhamad
International Journal of Social Service and Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Social Service and Research
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/ijssr.v5i2.1196

Abstract

Apis mellifera beekeeping in Sumatra has seen significant growth over the past decade, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020, driven by high market demand for honey. Beekeeping activities are concentrated in Riau and Jambi provinces, where beekeepers primarily utilize extrafloral nectar from Acacia crassicarpa plantation forests. This study evaluates the current state of A. mellifera beekeeping in these regions, focusing on beekeeper proficiency and colony productivity. Data were collected through a survey of 42 beekeepers, addressing their characteristics, efforts to improve skills, perceptions of challenges, and colony productivity in 2024. The findings indicate that most beekeepers are young males aged 30–50 with secondary school education, managing between 100 and 500 hives despite limited knowledge. They primarily rely on self-directed learning and peer knowledge-sharing. Most beekeepers rated their apiaries as satisfactory but recognized their need for guidance to enhance productivity, ensure sustainability, and improve market access. In 2024, honey production averaged 25 kg per colony per year, or 2.1 kg per month, with Jambi slightly outperforming Riau (2.25 vs. 2.0 kg/colony/month). Honey prices averaged IDR 22,000/kg, with Riau prices higher (IDR 25,500-26,000/kg) than Jambi (IDR 19,800-20,300/kg). Sumatra is estimated to host around 250,000 A. mellifera colonies, contributing 92% to national honey output, compared to Java's 46,000 colonies and 8% of production.
Analisis Keragaman Komunitas Bakteri pada Lambung Madu Lebah Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, dan Tetragonula laeviceps: Analysis of Communities Bacterial Diversity on Bees Honey Stomach from Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, and Tetragonula laeviceps Rosadela, Fitri; Rusmana, Iman; Nurjanah; Raffiudin, Rika
Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): 2025
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsdh.11.2.38-48

Abstract

Bees are one of the pollinators that a honey producing agent as well. Honey derives from nectar that stored and procees in honey stomach. The quality of honey is determined by physical, chemical and microbes in the honey stomach as well. This study was aimed to analyze the diversity of bacterial communities (bacterial metagenome) derived from bee’s honey stomach of A. mellifera, A. cerana, and T. laeviceps using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) method. Previous researches of bacterial communities are more focused on the entire digestive tract, which is not specifically in honey stomach of the bees. The diversity of bacterial communities showed differences among three bee’s species. The number one of A. cerana has the highest number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), i.e., 15 OTUs compared to the other sample. While the T. laeviceps number two show the highest percentage of OTU dominant at 59.4%. The bacterial community in bees honey stomach of A. mellifera, A. cerana, T. laeviceps the similarity of bacteria from phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Fusobacteria. Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla are found only in A. cerana honey stomach.
Melissopalynological Analysis Revealed a Higher Pollen Diversity in Stingless Bees than in Honey Bees Sayusti, Tiara; Raffiudin, Rika; Djuita, Nina Ratna; Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah; Batubara, Irmanida; Priawandiputra, Windra; Sitompul, Rahmadi; Jahnk, Svea Lina; Behling, Hermann
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.1.196-203

Abstract

Identifying floral resources used by honey bees and stingless bees is essential for sustainable beekeeping and understanding pollination ecology. This study compared the diversity of floral resources utilized by the honey bee Apis cerana and stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica and Heterotrigona itama based on pollen in honey. Bee colonies were in the same Flora Nauli Beekeeping area, Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra, Indonesia, ensuring equal access to similar surrounding floral resources. Honey samples were collected, and pollen grains were extracted, acetolysed, and analyzed by counting 1,200 grains to determine frequency classes. Pollen diversity was calculated using the Shannon–Wiener index (H′). Stingless bee honey contained more diverse pollen than A. cerana, which only contained pollen from the Arecaceae family. Heterotrigona itama and G. thoracica honey contained pollen from 20 and 11 plant families, respectively. Each species had a distinct predominant pollen type (>45%): Cocos nucifera (A. cerana), Sapotaceae type (G. thoracica), and Casuarinaceae type (H. itama). A higher pollen diversity index was also observed in H. itama (1.05-1.83) than in G. thoracica (0.34–1.64) and A. cerana (0.66). These results indicate that stingless bees are more generalist than honey bees, highlighting their ecological role in supporting pollination networks in tropical agroecosystems.
Variasi perilaku mencari makan pada semut rangrang Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) pada habitat yang berbeda: Variations of foraging behavior of weaver ants Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) in different habitats Rezki, Rezki; Aoliya, Nur; Fadliansyah, Fadliansyah; Wulandari, Siti Latifa; Jesajas, David Reinhard; Raffiudin, Rika
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 20 No 2 (2023): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.20.2.141

Abstract

Weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricus)) are carnivorous insects and play a role as biocontrol agents in urban habitats. This study aims to analyze the foraging behavior of O. smaragdina in two different habitats, namely urban and non-urban. The two locations are characterized by differences in the intensity of human interaction and the distance between the trees and the tree canopy. The behavioral observation method uses all sampling events with five behavioral categories: lurking (M1), approaching (M2), carrying (M3), communicating between ants in a colony (K1), and competition with other ants (K2). We tested three different types of feed: chick scraps, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus larvae, and sugar. The results showed that there were three sequences of foraging behavior in urban areas, namely: (1) M1, M2, K1, M3, (2) M1, M2, K1, M3, K2, and (3) M1, M2, K2, M3. Meanwhile, there is only one pattern in non-urban areas, namely M1, M2, M3. Approaching food (M2) and lurking food (M1) were the dominant responses of O. smaragdina in urban and non-urban areas. In urban areas, broiler chickens were the type of feed most approached by ants, followed by sugar and beetle larvae. O. smaragdina in non-urban areas also preferred chicken pieces as feed compared to the others, but only one individual O. smaragdina approached (M2) chicken pieces and none approached the others. Foraging ants are more active at high temperature and low humidity, compared to low temperature and high humidity. Therefore, the foraging behavior of O. smaragdina is influenced by habitat factors.
The characterization of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera mrjp2 gene in Indonesia and the phylogeny relationship with mrjp family genes: Karakterisasi gen mrjp2 Apis cerana dan Apis mellifera di Indonesia dan hubungan filogeni dengan gen mrjp famili Shullia, Nurul Insani; Febiriani, Tia Vina; Raffiudin, Rika; Widjaja, Candra; Atmowidi, Tri
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.1

Abstract

The major royal jelly protein 2 (mrjp2) gene is one of the molecular markers that can discriminate between Apis cerana Fabricius and A. mellifera Linnaeus. Due to the lack of mrjp2 gene sequences registered in GenBank for Indonesian A. cerana and A. mellifera, DNA characterization and bioinformatics analysis were needed. This research aimed to characterize the exon-intron organization of mrjp2 genes for both Indonesian bee species and analyze the phylogenetic relationship with other mrjp family genes. DNA samples of Apis cerana and A. mellifera, collected from Bogor, were amplified using MF-MR primer at annealing temperatures of 47 oC and 50 oC, respectively. The length of A. cerana and A. mellifera DNA sequences were 579 and 597 bp, respectively. The DNA sequences of both species were comprised of partial exons 1, introns 1, exons 2, introns 2, and partial exon 3. The number of putative amino acids of A. cerana and A. mellifera mrjp2 genes were 111 and 123, respectively. We confirmed that the partial MRJP2 putative amino acids of both honey bees belong to the MRJP family and contained the peptide signal in the 14 first amino acid sites. Nucleotide variation of the mrjp2 gene in A. cerana was higher than A. mellifera. Phylogenetic tree construction showed that A. cerana and A. mellifera form a monophyletic clade with the A. mellifera mrjp7 gene and another mrjp family gene clustered as reported in a previous study.
Bacterial Community in Apis cerana and Heterotrigona itama Honey Using a Metabarcoding Approach Nurjanah, Nurjanah; Raffiudin, Rika; Lestari, Yulin
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 2 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.2.310-320

Abstract

Honey is a healthy, natural product with high nutritional value that is converted from sugar in nectar by bacteria in the honey stomach of the bees. Several beneficial bacteria in honey produce bioactive compounds, such as Lactobacillus in Apis mellifera honey, which synthesizes lactic acid, bacteriocins, and enzymes. Here, we employed the metabarcoding technique using the 16S rRNA gene to identify the bacterial community in honey from A. cerana and Heterotrigona itama collected in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Genomic DNA from both honey samples was isolated using the ZymoBIOMICSTM DNA miniprep kit before sequencing with the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platform. Our studies showed that the most dominant bacteria in the honey of A. cerana and H. itama were Paenibacillus glucanolyticus and Limosilactobacillus, respectively. In both types of honey, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were also detected, as well as lactic acid bacteria, including Acetilactobacillus jinshanensis and Limosilactobacillus. We also found Actinobacteria in A. cerana and H. itama honey. This genomic data showed that A. cerana honey has a higher bacterial diversity than H. itama. Our finding is the first genomic study of bacterial diversity found in the honey of A. cerana and H. itama that live sympatrically in a bee farm.
Perilaku Harian Udang Air Tawar Macrobrachium terhadap Perbedaan Arus pada Pengkondisian Laboratorium: Daily Behavior of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium pilimanus (De Man, 1879) in Response to Water Current Under Laboratory Conditions Rachman, Muhammad Dhiya'ur; Pratiwi, Intan Ratu; Yodhy, Lintang; Raffiudin, Rika
Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): 2025
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsdh.11.4.146-153

Abstract

Macrobrachium pilimanus is a type of freshwater prawn commonly found in Indonesian waters. This species is reported to have abbreviated larval development (ALD), and its life cycle is greatly influenced by the conditions of their environment, including the water currents. This study examined the relationship between water currents and the daily behavior of the M. pilimanus freshwater prawn. We observed the behavioral pattern using the scan sampling method on six individuals from two treatments (strong current and slow current) over 64 hours, with observations taken every 60 minutes. Our results showed a dominant behavior of M. pilimanus hiding in places with strong currents and high ingestion behavior. In contrast, the prawns that were not exposed to water currents predominantly showed partially inactive behavior.
Toksisitas dan dampak empat insektisida sintetik terhadap sintasan dan perilaku makan lebah tanpa sengat Tetragonula laeviceps Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae): Toxicity and impact of four synthetic insecticides on survival and feeding behavior of stingless bees Tetragonula laeviceps Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae) Bela Hasna Audia; Buchori, Damayanti; Dadang; Raffiudin, Rika
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 22 No 3 (2025): November
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.22.3.197

Abstract

Tetragonula laeviceps Smith are widely found and cultivated in Indonesia. They play a crucial role in providing ecological services as pollinators of plants. However, there has been a global concern of bees’ population decline, which may be attributed to the intensive use of insecticides. This study aimed to analyze the toxicity level of several insecticide active ingredients and the effects of insecticide exposure on the physiology of T. laeviceps. Four insecticides active ingredients, carbosulfan, clothianidin, diafenthiuron, and tetraniliprole were tested for toxicity against T. laeviceps through dermal and oral exposures at five concentration levels. Bee preference testing was conducted through olfactory tests using a Y-tube olfactometer. Results showed that insecticide exposure affected the visitation length of T. laeviceps (P = 0.006), but not its visitation frequency (P = 0.286). Carbosulfan and clothianidin were toxic to T. laeviceps, both dermally (LC50 31.28 and 0.09 ppm, respectively) and orally (LC50 28.51 and 0.41 ppm, respectively). Meanwhile, diafentiuron and tetraniliprole were more harmful to bees during dermal exposure (LC50 7,882 and 148.81 ppm, respectively) compared to oral exposure (LC50 53,983 and 5,240 ppm, respectively). The toxicity levels of the insecticides carbosulfan and clothianidin are classified as highly toxic and harmful, while diafentiuron and tetraniliprole are not harmful to T. laeviceps bees. In addition, the capability of bees to consume feed was also significantly decreased due to exposure to carbosulfan (10,000 and 3,000 ppm) and clothianidin (300; 30; 3; 0,3; and 0,03 ppm) insecticides. Information of the toxicity levels and effects of various insecticides on bees may contribute to the development of insecticide management to keep the survival of bees in agricultural areas.
Circadian rhythm of freshwater crab Geosesarma noduliferum (De Man, 1892) under laboratory conditions Winda Eka Putri; Muhammad Ridwan; Tazkiana Nurul Fathiya Sofandi; Nur Azizah Maulidiyah Rahmah; Rika Raffiudin
Jurnal Natural Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science (FMIPA), Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jn.v26i1.569

Abstract

Geosesarma noduliferum is a semi-terrestrial freshwater crab endemic to Java, exhibits behavioral activity potentially regulated by daily light-dark cycles. This study was aimed to analyze the circadian rhythm of this crab under laboratory conditions and examine habitat preferences during diurnal and nocturnal periods. Four individuals of 2 males and 2 female crabs were collected from their natural habitat and observed in simulated habitat tanks over three days. Behavioral observations were conducted using focal sampling during six daily sessions (three in diurnal and three nocturnal), and all activities were categorized in active or passive behaviour. The results showed that active behaviors—such as exploration, feeding, and social interaction—were more frequent and prolonged during the nocturnal period, peaking at 11:00 PM. However, passive behaviors such as resting and burial were more prevalent during diurnal. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests indicated significant behavioral differences between day and night periods (p<0.05). Habitat preference also varied; both sexes favoring terrestrial areas at night; during diurnal, males predominantly occupied aquatic areas while females showed a balanced distribution. This study suggests that G. noduliferum exhibits a predominantly nocturnal activity pattern.
Exploration of Acetic Acid-Producing Bacteria from Heterotrigona itama Honey in Sukabumi, Indonesia Ici Dianita; Rika Raffiudin; Anja Meryandini
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.1112-1122

Abstract

Honey produced by stingless bees is generally characterized by higher acidity, which is associated with organic acid–producing microorganisms, such as lactic acid and acetic acid–producing. These bacteria can survive in this environment due to their tolerance to high sugar concentrations and low pH. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the presence of lactic acid– and acetic acid–producing bacteria and to analyze their relationship with honey sugar, with a particular focus on the characterization of acetic acid–producing bacteria isolated from Heterotrigona itama honey. This study involved characterizing honey for physicochemical properties and sugar content, and isolating bacteria. Additionally, isolates of acetic acid-producing bacteria were selected on selective media, and molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results show that the proportion of lactic acid– and acetic acid–producing bacteria may influence the sugar content of honey. Honey Hi3 exhibited higher electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), moisture content, and acidity compared to the other honey samples. A total of 11 selected isolates showed diverse characteristics and were non-hemolytic. Isolate Hi11 produced 0.3% acetic acid over 48 hours and has optimal acetic acid production in glucose, yeast extract, peptone, and ethanol (GYPE1) medium. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this isolate was identified as the genus Enterobacter. These findings indicate the presence of acetic acid–producing bacteria and their potential contribution to the sour sensory characteristics of H. itama honey in Indonesia.
Co-Authors ACHMAD FARAJALLAH ADHA SARI Afifah, Ismayati Afriani, Nita Agmal Qodri Agung Prasetyo Alexander Kurniawan Sariyanto Putera Alfath Fanidya ALFIYAN, ACHMAD Ali Agus Andhika Rahesta Devi Andi Gita Maulidyah Indraswari Suhri ANDY DARMAWAN ANIFA BINTAR Anja Meryandini Anzalia Eka Putri Aoliya, Nur Araz Meilin Araz Meilin Ariani, Nunik Sri ARIF MUKHTAR HASBI Arismayanti Eka Astuti Latif Aulia Savira Bambang Purwantara Behling, Hermann Bela Hasna Audia Berry Juliandi Besse Fatimah Dadang DAMAYANTI BUCHORI Dedy D. Solihin Desmina Kristiani Hutabarat Dewangga, Rezha Tanu Dewi Sartiami Dewi, Aisyah Nurlatifah Diana, Akso Didik Budi Purwanto Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat DWI KUSUMA WAHYUNI Dwika Bramasta DYAH PERWITASARI -FARAJALLAH Dyahastuti, Meis endang S. Ratna Erin Treanore Fadliansyah, Fadliansyah Fahri Fahri Febiriani, Tia Vina Fenny Oktavia Ferbiyanto, Andri Fifi Gus Dwiyanti Fitradiansyah, La Ode Fitradiansyah Fitriya, Jazirotul Fitriya, Jazirotul GALUH AYU RAKHASHIWI Gautama Simanjuntak, Juniarto Gina Dania Pratami, Gina Dania Giyanto Giyanto Grass, Ingo GUNAWAN WIBISANA Hasan, M. Ubaidilah Helmi Romdhoni Hepburn, Randall Hepburn, Randall Hermann Behling Hermawan, Endang Hery Purnobasuki I MADE SAMUDRA I MADE SAMUDRA I Made Samudra I Nyoman Widiarta IBNUL QAYIM Ici Dianita IDA KINASIH Ida Kinasih IDHAM SAKTI HARAHAP Idham Sakti Hararap Ilyasov, Rustem Iman Rusmana Indradewa, Rhian Innayah Zahara IPB, BPKB Irmanida Batubara ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR Jahnk, Svea Lina Jasmi Jasmi Jasmi Jasmi Jauharlina Jauharlina Jauharlina Jauharlina Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Jesajas, David Reinhard Junairiah Junairiah KANTHI ARUM WIDAYATI Kuntadi Kuntadi, Kuntadi Lamerkabel, J. S. A. LEKSONO EKOPURANTO HARIPRABOWO Li, Kevin Listyowati, Sri M. CHANDRA WIDJAJA Mahardika Gama Pradana Mardliyah, Zahra Rodliyatam Meiry F. Noor Mubin, Nadzirum Muhammad Basrowi Muhammad Ridwan Nadya Aulia Putri Nina Ratna Djuita Nisa, Nisfia Rakhmatun Nisa, Weni Khoiru Nisfia Rakhmatun Nisa NOVA MUJIONO Novidayanti, Aldea Anisyafera NUNIK SRI ARIYANTI Nur Azizah Maulidiyah Rahmah Nurjanah Nurul Insani Shullia Nyoto Santoso PERSADA, ALAM PUTRA Pradana, Mahardika Gama Pratiwi, Intan Ratu Puji Lestari PUJI LESTARI Pujiastuti Pulungan, Zumaida Nur Purwanto, Didik B. Putra, Heriansyah Putra, Ramadhani Putri Amelya, Mega Qashiratuttarafi Qashiratuttarafi R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi Rachman, Muhammad Dhiya'ur Ramadhani Eka Putra RAUF, AUNU RC HIDAYAT SOESILOHADI RC HIDAYAT SOESSILOHADI RC Hidayat Soesilohadi REZKI, REZKI Rika Indri Astuti Rina Mardiana Rismayanti Robo, Rusnia J Rosadela, Fitri Rosi Fitri Ramadani Rosyid Amrulloh Rusnia J Robo Ruth Martha Winnie RUTH MARTHA WINNIE Sabella, Yurika Nur SAHLAN, MUHAMAD Sayusti, Tiara Setya Priambudi , Abyan Shafira Ananda Djakaria Siffahk, Lutmitha Nisaul Sih Kahono Sih Kahono Simanjuntak, Juniarto Gautama Siria Biagioni Siti Latifa Wulandari Sitompul, Rahmadi Soemartono Sosmarsono Susanti, Fera Susanti TARUNI SRI PRAWASTI TARUNI SRI PRAWASTI Tazkiana Nurul Fathiya Sofandi TEGUH PRIBADI Tiara Sayusti Tri Armowidi Tri Atmowidi TRI BASTUTI PURWANTINI TRI HERU WIDARTO Triadiati Triadiati Uci Sugiman Utami, Anisa Dwi Vella Nurazizah Djalil Vinna Windy Putri Wachju Subchan Widjaja, Candra Widjaja, Mochammad Chandra Wildan Arsyad F Winda Eka Putri WINDRA PRIAWANDIPUTRA, WINDRA Winnie, Ruth Martha Woro Anggraitoningsih Noerdjito Yelin Adalina Yelin Adalina Yodhy, Lintang Yofian Anaktototy Yulia Pujiastuti YULIA PUJIASTUTI YULIN LESTARI