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                        Reserve Components as a Non-Military Defense Strategy to Support Defense Economic 
                    
                    Asmara, Johar; 
Saputro, Guntur Eko; 
Prakoso, Lukman Yudho                    
                     Journal of Social Work and Science Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Social Work and Science Education 
                    
                    Publisher : Yayasan Sembilan Pemuda Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52690/jswse.v4i2.387                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
Indonesia has large human resources and has a lot of potential if proper management and development is carried out. Human resources are the most important aspect as a determinant of the development of national defense. This potential has a positive effect with the aim of forming a reserve component as a support for national defense forces so that the formation of this reserve component can also be interpreted as a strategy. This paper aims to explain how the role of reserve components in non-military defense efforts. The method used by researchers is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The result of this writing is that the reserve components originating from the community will return to the community, then this is considered as a soft-approach strategy to form a nationalist youth generation which will ward off threats that arise from various aspects of social life. It is hoped that the development of the strength and capability of national defense in the management of the reserve component will result in the success of the universal people’s security and defense system with a large number of civil society members becoming members of the reserve component.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        How Sweden Deals During Global Economic Crisis? 
                    
                    Octaviani, Melinda; 
Saputro, Guntur Eko; 
Navalino, Djoko Andreas                    
                     Journal of Social Work and Science Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Social Work and Science Education 
                    
                    Publisher : Yayasan Sembilan Pemuda Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52690/jswse.v4i2.390                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
European countries are currently experiencing economic shocks. Uncontrollable economic downturn and continuously increase of inflation rate. Sweden as one of the European countries did not feel the impact of the recession significantly. Sweden managed to control its economy because it learned from the previous crisis. Some programs are designed to anticipate bad possibilities that will occur as a result of a crisis. Many studies say that Sweden is a European country that has a good crisis. This study aims to analyze how Sweden is dealing with the ongoing crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia's Ukraine war and the series of conflicts that are currently happening in the world which have an impact on the world economy. This research was conducted using qualitative methods that use some data from various credible sources and produce conclusions with appropriate facts. The results of this study found that Sweden has succeeded in suppressing the crisis in its country and maintaining the welfare of its people, although it has not been completely free from the effects of the recession and all the possibilities that will occur in the future.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        Government’s Strategy in Maintaining Economic Resilience during the Covid-19 Pandemic 
                    
                    Mujiyanto, Mujiyanto; 
Sahabuddin, Zaenal Abidin; 
Saputro, Guntur Eko                    
                     Journal of Social Work and Science Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Social Work and Science Education 
                    
                    Publisher : Yayasan Sembilan Pemuda Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52690/jswse.v4i2.396                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
The threat of recession stalks the world’s economies, including Indonesia. It has also been warned by the world’s economists of the coming storm of global recession. This is evidenced by the slowdown in global economic growth, namely the United States, China and the European Union. This threat is a non-military threat, so it is necessary to determine a strategy to deal with it so that the Indonesian economy can survive. This paper aims to examine the Indonesian government’s strategy in anticipating the economic impact of Covid-19 through fiscal and monetary policies. This research uses literature study with a descriptive approach. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the government needs to continue to evaluate and adjust policies according to developing conditions.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        Social and Economic Conditions of The United States of America During the Civil War 1861-1865 
                    
                    Pertiwi, Ayu; 
Gusriandari, Wahyu; 
Saputro, Guntur Eko                    
                     Journal of Social Work and Science Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Social Work and Science Education 
                    
                    Publisher : Yayasan Sembilan Pemuda Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52690/jswse.v4i2.397                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
In the long history of struggle of the Indonesian nation, at a certain period of time during the Dutch colonization, there was a war that made colonialists experience difficulties. The war was caused by the resistance of a Javanese nobleman named Prince Diponegoro, this war was called the Diponegoro War or known as the Java War. Because of the unprecedented amount of popular resistance, the losses suffered by both the colonizers and the Javanese people were very large, both human and material casualties, this was closely related to economic conditions during the war and after the end of the war. This paper aims to analyze and describe the consequences of the war that occurred at that time on the Dutch colonial as well as on the Javanese people themselves, from an economic aspect. Research through a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, namely literature study and usually historical research using heuristic methods. The results of the study stated that the consequences of the Java War were very significant in affecting the lives of Javanese people and the Dutch colonial after the war.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        Java War and the Social and Economic Impact 
                    
                    Rachman, Syaiful; 
Saputro, Guntur Eko; 
Prakoso, Lukman Yudho                    
                     Journal of Social Work and Science Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Social Work and Science Education 
                    
                    Publisher : Yayasan Sembilan Pemuda Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52690/jswse.v4i2.398                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
In the long history of struggle of the Indonesian nation, at a certain period of time during the Dutch colonization, there was a war that made colonialists experience difficulties. The war was caused by the resistance of a Javanese nobleman named Prince Diponegoro, this war was called the Diponegoro War or known as the Java War. Because of the unprecedented amount of popular resistance, the losses suffered by both the colonizers and the Javanese people were very large, both human and material casualties, this was closely related to economic conditions during the war and after the end of the war. This paper aims to analyze and describe the consequences of the war that occurred at that time on the Dutch colonial as well as on the Javanese people themselves, from an economic aspect. Research through a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, namely literature study and usually historical research using heuristic methods. The results of the study stated that the consequences of the Java War were very significant in affecting the lives of Javanese people and the Dutch colonial after the war.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        Impact of the French Revolution and the Napoleon Wars on Industry Mobility, The Military and The Economy in England Country 
                    
                    Gusriandari, Wahyu; 
Pertiwi, Ayu; 
Saputro, Guntur Eko                    
                     Journal of Social Work and Science Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Social Work and Science Education 
                    
                    Publisher : Yayasan Sembilan Pemuda Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52690/jswse.v4i2.399                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
The subject matter occurred at the start of the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars which caused various problems such as poverty caused by damage to the industry through various continental blockades which triggered an increase in prices resulting in an economic crisis and had an impact on increasing government spending on war costs. The purpose of this study is to find out how the impact of the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars on the industrial, military, and economic mobility of the British state which focuses on the struggle for power aimed at conquering it. Thus, researchers use quantitative methods that use literature studies by collecting various data and information which are then processed to produce precise and accurate conclusions according to the facts that have occurred or will occur. This war has a long-term impact that builds inhibits the development of the world economy. The results of the war research have destroyed economic resources, agriculture and factories were all abandoned due to the war which resulted in people not having enough money to buy basic necessities and having to defend themselves. The strategy of the UK was to continue to borrow heavily for its war expenditure at relatively low rates. However, Britain's tax rate did not change much as long as it earned a peacetime surplus that offset the wartime deficit and paid off the mounting war debt.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        Anticipation of Indonesian Embargo Sanctions in the Economic Aspect of State Defense 
                    
                    Pasaribu, Charles; 
Saputro, Guntur Eko; 
Prakoso, Lukman Yudho                    
                     Journal of Social Work and Science Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Social Work and Science Education 
                    
                    Publisher : Yayasan Sembilan Pemuda Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52690/jswse.v4i2.405                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
National defense needs to be built to deal with threats that come from within and outside the country, this requires meeting the needs of the military in carrying out its functions, one of these needs is defense equipment but these needs cannot be fulfilled alone but still rely on other countries. This poses a threat if at any time you get an embargo sanction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Anticipation of Indonesian Embargo Sanctions in the Aspect of National Defense. The research method uses qualitative research methods with a qualitative descriptive design. The results of the study show that the steps to anticipate government embargo sanctions have taken several things including realizing defense independence by empowering the domestic Defense Industry, as well as Confidence Building Measure Diplomacy to create mutual trust with other countries as well as carrying out diversification policies aimed at creating variations in meeting defense needs.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        The Urgency of Indonesia’s National Security Act: Addressing Fragmentation in Security Sector Regulation 
                    
                    Harefa, Faonaso; 
Purwanto, Ignatius Eko Djoko; 
Irwanto, Bambang; 
Supriyadi, Adang Asep; 
Saputro, Guntur Eko                    
                     Journal of Social Work and Science Education Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social Work and Science Education 
                    
                    Publisher : Yayasan Sembilan Pemuda Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52690/jswse.v6i1.1060                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
This study examines the urgency of the formation of the National Security Act (Kamnas Law) in Indonesia to overcome the fragmentation of regulations in the security sector. Using statute-based legal approaches (statute-based) and comparative legal approaches, this study found an overlapping gap between institutions such as the TNI, Polri, BNPT, and the Ministry of Defense due to adaptive legal instruments facing multidimensional threats. The absence of coordinative institutions such as the National Security Council (NSC) weakens synergy between institutions. The results of comparisons with countries such as the United States, Singapore, South Korea, and the Philippines show that the centralized security structure has proven effective in integrating defense, intelligence, and law enforcement policies. This study recommends that the Kamnas Law become a comprehensive legal framework to encourage sectoral coordination and institutional synergy in the corridor of democratic government.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        Reformulating National Defense Policy Through Artificial Intelligence: Enhancing Strategic Decision Making and Ethical Governance 
                    
                    Hidayatullah, Syarif; 
Supriyadi, Asep Adang; 
Purwanto, Ignatius Eko Djoko; 
Saputro, Guntur Eko                    
                     Journal of Social Work and Science Education Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social Work and Science Education 
                    
                    Publisher : Yayasan Sembilan Pemuda Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52690/jswse.v6i1.1069                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
This study examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in reformulating national defense policy to enhance strategic decision making. Utilizing a qualitative, descriptive methodology supported by literature reviews and expert interviews, the research analyzes how AI can support data driven policy making, improve risk assessment, and optimize military resources. The research aims to examine how AI can improve operational efficiency, predictive analysis, and response capability against emerging threats. The study applies SWOT and Technology Readiness Level (TRL) frameworks to assess the strategic integration of AI in defense systems. Findings highlight both the opportunities and ethical concerns associated with AI adoption. The findings suggest that AI significantly supports data driven decision-making, enhances risk assessment, and optimizes military resource management. However, ethical and accountability concerns persist, necessitating the inclusion of explainable AI frameworks. The research proposes a structured model for ethical and inclusive AI governance and underscores the need for international cooperation in defense AI development.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        National Mobilization and Relevance for Defense Education Strategy 
                    
                    Hidayatullah, Syarif; 
Toni, Toni; 
Widjayanto, Joni; 
Purwanto, Ignatius Eko Djoko; 
Saputro, Guntur Eko                    
                     Journal of Social Work and Science Education Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Social Work and Science Education 
                    
                    Publisher : Yayasan Sembilan Pemuda Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52690/jswse.v6i2.1194                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
This study aims to examine the relevance of the concept of total war and national resource mobilization during World War II in the development of modern defense education in Indonesia. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative with historical-contextual analysis methods. Data were obtained through literature studies of primary and secondary sources, including historical documents, academic books, international journals, and lecture materials from defense institutions. The results of the study indicate that the principles of total war, such as total mobilization, industrial conversion, and the formation of collective consciousness, can be used as a strategic learning framework in the defense education system. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of historical analysis of war with a contextual pedagogical approach that is adaptive to contemporary challenges. The main contribution of this article is to offer a conceptual model of history based defense learning that strengthens national deterrence through value education, strategic reflection, and strengthening leadership character. These findings are expected to enrich academic discourse and defense curriculum practices in developing countries.