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All Journal Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL (BMJ) Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Science and Technology Indonesia Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes Jurnal Wiyata : Penelitian Sains dan Kesehatan SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Jurnal Serambi Engineering Jurnal Pemberdayaan: Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia J-Dinamika: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Petugas Pengelola Obat dengan Tingkat Ketersediaan Obat Di Puskesmas Kota Malang Humanism : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Jurnal Kreativitas dan Inovasi (Jurnal Kreanova) Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Jurnal Info Kesehatan
Retno Widyowati
Departemen Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Physical Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook f.) Essential Oil Nanoemulgel as a Natural Cosmetic Widyowati, Retno; Sari, Trisiyana Sholika; Munandar, Tristiana Erawati
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Abstract

Background : Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major contributor to skin damage. Illicium verum (star anise) essential oil is rich in trans-anethole, a compound reported as the dominant component (over 88%) in previous GC-MS studies. Trans-anethole possesses potent antioxidant properties; however, its lipophilic nature limits its solubility and topical bioavailability. Objective : This study aimed to develop and characterize a nanoemulgel formulation Illicium verum essential oil and to evaluate its antioxidant activity for potential application as a natural antioxidant. Methods : Essential oil (1% w/v) was extracted by steam distillation and formulated into a nanoemulgel using a self-nanoemulsifying technique, which involves the spontaneous formation of nano-sized droplets upon mixing the oil phase with surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80 in a 6:1 ratio) under agitation. The resulting nanoemulsion was incorporated into a hydrogel base using 1% Carbopol 940, a hydrophilic polymer that forms a three-dimensional network capable of retaining water, creating a gel-like texture suitable for topical application. The formulation was evaluated for pH, viscosity, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and stability. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay, with ascorbic acid as the positive control then analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results : The nanoemulgel showed pH 6.03 ± 0.28, viscosity 13164 ± 2.65 cP, droplet size 188.5 ± 0.49 nm, PDI 0.1638 ± 0.15, and zeta potential -41.09 ± 1.59 mV indicating good physical stability and homogeneity. It passed centrifugation and spreadability tests and exhibited a semi-transparent appearance with a smooth texture and pleasant aroma. According to established criteria (Itam et al., 2021), the IC₅₀ value of the nanoemulgel (85.03 ± 0.75 µg/mL) demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity, while the essential oil alone exhibited strong activity (IC₅₀ = 50.89 ± 0.55 µg/mL), and ascorbic acid, used as a positive control, showed very strong activity (IC₅₀ = 2.59 ± 0.28 µg/mL). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions : The nanoemulgel formulation demonstrated favorable physical properties, including skin-compatible pH, suitable viscosity, nano-sized droplets, low polydispersity, and high colloidal stability. It retained moderate antioxidant activity, supporting its potential application as a natural antioxidant cosmetic. Further in vivo studies are recommended to validate its clinical efficacy.
Pharmacological Activity From Various Parts of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): A Review Widyowati, Retno; Putri, Anisa Yustikka; Sukardiman
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Abstract

Background: Elaeis guineensis Jacq. belongs to Arecaceae family. This plant originates from West Africa and is spread across Asia such as Indonesia. Various parts have been used traditionally and proven by scientific experiments derived for various medicinal purposes for the treatment many disease because contains many phytonutrients. Objective: This study was to explore the pharmacological activities of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. from various parts and the potential compound content. Methods: The method was a literature review by searching research data about Elaeis guineensis Jacq. from 2010 to 2024 was derived from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, NCBI and Google Scholar with the keywords of Elaeis guineensis Jacq, palm oil, in vivo, in vitro, in silico and pharmacologycal activity. Results: Elaeis guineensis Jacq. has composition of bioactive constituents including vitamin E,  fatty acid, fenolic, flavonoids, phenolics and karotenoid. With sample parts of leaves, fruits, seeds, and roots. Elaeis guineensis Jacq. has the ability as an pharmacology activity with the approach of in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. The plant parts showed significant potential in various biological activities, including high antioxidant activity, significant antimicrobial effects against bacteria, anti-inflammatory, neuropharmacology, decreased blood glucose and insulin resistance, relatively safe toxicity tests at certain concentrations and protection against liver damage. The findings indicate the potential application in alternative medicine and nutraceutical development. Conclusion: Overall, this journal evaluated the pharmacological activities of various parts of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. through in silico, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological approaches showing that this species is a rich source of compounds. Further research is needed to develop therapeutic products based  on Elaeis guineensis Jacq. including clinical trials to ensure safety and efficacy in humans.
Co-Authors Achmad Fuad Hafid Akbar, Achmad Naufal Maulana Aly, M. Ainun Najib Amalia, Savira Rizky Meisya Anggara Satria Putra, Anggara Satria Arum Widiyaningsih Aty Widyawaruyanti Bambang Prajogo Eko Wardoyo Bambang Prajogo EW Bobsaid, Jihan Burhan Ma'arif Corry, Maylisa Natalia Devitri, Nabilah Apsari Dewi Lestari Dewi Melani Hariyadi Djoko Agus Purwanto Edhi, Narendrani Sasmitaning Ekapratista, Belinda Nabilah Favian Rafif Firdaus Firdaus, Favian Rafif Fridayanti S, Septia Indah Haliza, Nabila Nur Hani Plumeriastuti Haq, Nimas Rizqi Firdausy Hardiyanti, Andi Sry Hardiyanti, Merry Hasan, Muhammad Amir Hening Laswati Putra Hidayati, Agriana Rosmalina Hindiana, Linda Idha Kusumawati Iis Wahyuningsih Ilmi, Hilkatul Imam Subadi Irawati Sholikhah Istiqamah, Farida J. A. Pangkahila Jaelani, Mochammad Iqbal Kholis Amalia Nofianti Lahardo, Devanus Laksmi, Farika Dyani Laksmi Luthfiatu Kanina Luthfiatu Kanina Ma'arif, Burhan Mabluhatus Solehah Mahalaksmi, Alika Sabrina Mangestuti Agil Marta Ika Riyana Miatmoko, Andang Munandar, Tristiana Erawati Naima, Fathnin Ulya Najlaa, Fatimah Ahla Nareswari, Andwynanda Bhadra Neni Purwitasari Niluh Indrawati Noorma Rosita Novian, Farah Kusuma Wardhani Nur Irhamni Sabrina Pilipus Kopeuw Pradnyanantha, I Putu Bagus Pramesti, Ragil Putri Pratama, Edo Pratiwi Soesilawati Purwitasari, Neni Purwitasari, Neny Putri, Anisa Yustikka Putri, Yushalluuna Bekti Pasuka Rahman, Ave Rakhmawati - - Rania, Athaya Putri Rice Disi Oktarina Riesta Primaharinastiti, Riesta Rizkyah, Chaerini Sahu, Ram Kumar Salam, Anisa Rakhmania Samudra, Rizka Putra Sari, Trisiyana Sholika SETIAWAN, Catur Dian Shaffiqa, Nurul Sri Wahyuni, Tutik Subhan Rullyansyah Suciati Suciati Suciati Suciati Sudjarwo Sudjarwo Sukardiman Sulistiyono, Ilham Robbynoor Suryadi, A. Mu’thi Andy Syahrani, Achmad Taufikurrahman Taufikurrahman Tri Widiandani Tutik Sri Wahyuni Ummah, Rokhmatul Wardhana, Brahma Wisnu Kusuma Wardoyo, Bambang Prajogo Eko Wicaksana, Firman Widiyaningsih, Arum Windianto, Farhan Rizqi Wiwied Ekasari Wiwik Handayani Yakub, Nikolas Zulfah, Yasmin