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All Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science Jurnal Sain Veteriner Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Media Farmasi : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi (Journal Of Pharmaceutical Science) Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik (Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacy) Majalah Obat Tradisional Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas Jurnal SOLMA Media Farmasi MAGNA MEDICA: Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Journals of Ners Community FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia Jurnal Ilmiah Cendekia Eksakta Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari SINTA Journal (Science, Technology, and Agricultural) JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Journal of Pharmascience
Sapto Yuliani
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Veterinary Other

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Inhibitory activity of Carica pubescens leaf extract on cyclooxygenase: anti-inflammatory prospects of natural substances Sapto Yuliani; Anggoro Wicaksono; Citra Ariani Edityaningrum; Nuri Ari Efiana; Any Guntarti; Sugiyanto; Mustofa Ahda
Pharmaciana Vol. 16 No. 2 (2026): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v16i2.31419

Abstract

Inflammation represents a multifaceted biological reaction that plays a significant role in a variety of chronic pathological conditions and the search for natural anti-inflammatory agents remains a significant focus of pharmacological research. The objective of this study was to assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of an ethanolic extract from the leaf of Carica pubescens (C. pubescens) by examining its effects on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibition and conducting protein denaturation assays. An ethanolic extract of the leaf was prepared through maceration using 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening conducted qualitatively demonstrated that the extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis was performed to further identify flavonoids, with quercetin used as the reference standard. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for assessing inhibitory effects on COX-1 and COX-2 and a bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay. The chromatographic profile of the 96% ethanolic Carica pubescens leaf extract (CPLE 96%) showed a distinct spot with an Rf value comparable to that of quercetin under visible and ultraviolet observation, indicating the presence of quercetin-like flavonoid constituents. The CPLE 96% demonstrated potent, dose-dependent inhibition in both assays. In the protein denaturation assay, the CPLE 96% (100 µg/mL) showed 78.5 ± 2.9 % inhibition, significantly higher than ibuprofen (71.8 ± 2.0 %) and slightly lower than meloxicam (88.4 ± 0.9 %). In the COX inhibition assay, the CPLE 96% exhibited non-selective inhibition with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 50.42 ± 0.54 µg/mL for COX-1 and 51.18 ± 0.61 µg/mL for COX-2 (Selectivity Index = 0.985 ± 0.017). The findings provide substantial scientific validation for the ethnomedicinal use of C. pubescens, highlighting its dual-acting anti-inflammatory mechanism by inhibiting key inflammatory enzymes and preventing protein denaturation. The extract shows significant potential as a source for developing natural anti-inflammatory therapeutics, warranting further investigation to isolate the active constituents and conduct in vivo studies.
Effect of Avocado Leaf Ethanol Extract Gel (Persea americana Mill) on Healing Diabetic Wounds Wahyu Widyaningsih; Sapto Yuliani; Fairuz Khairunnisa Anasyua; Tasya Bahagia; Risma Yuliawanti
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 2 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.25562

Abstract

Diabetic wounds are a major clinical challenge due to delayed healing and increased complication risks. Ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) has previously shown promise in enhancing tissue regeneration in diabetic wounds, but its potential in gel form remains untested. This study aimed to develop an avocado leaf ethanol extract-based gel and evaluate its woundhealing potential in diabetic mice. Avocado leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol and formulated into a gel, which was evaluated for physical properties and topical suitability. Diabetic mice were divided into five groups: normal control, negative control (gel base), positive control (bioplacenton), and two treatment groups (5% and 10% gel). Diabetes was induced using alloxan (150 mg/kg BW), followed by wound induction and treatment. Wound healing was assessed through visual assessment, wound diameter reduction, and healing duration. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level. Results showed the gel meets physical properties (pH test, organoleptic test, homogeneity test, spreadability test) and significantly improved wound healing in diabetic mice. The 5% gel demonstrated wound-healing activity due to bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Further analysis is needed to identify the specific components responsible for the healing effects, highlighting the gel’s potential for diabetic wound treatment.
Co-Authors Adhi Gunawan Adi Permadi, Adi Ainiyah, Nadia Putri Aisha Raihana Anasyua, Fairuz Khairunnisa Anggoro Wicaksono Anggraeni, Linda Suci Any Guntarti Arif Budi Setianto Arsyannur Pratiwi Aspamufita, Nuroh Ayu Shabrina Ayu Wulandari Azali, Aulia Syafadilla Bachri, Mochammad Saiful Bahagia, Tasya Botutihe, Lisa Agustina Citra Ariani Edityaningrum Daffara Kinanthi Lustikaiswi Daipadli Daipadli Danang Prasetyaning Amukti Dandy Annas Muttaqien Davit Nugraha Desi Ambarwati Desi Iswahyuni Didik Yuni Prasetya Dwi Utami Elmi Rahmadani Enti Rikomah, Setya Fairuz Zahroh Fitri Rahmawanti Galuh Rista Putri Gina Lestari Gina Lestari, Gina Gunawan, Adhi Handayani, Tiara Rizki Handayani, Tiara Rizki Hartati, Meity Hasana, Siti Nur Ibdal Satar Iis Wahyuningsih Intan Dwi Rahmita Khozanatul Ulwy Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan Kintoko Kintoko Kintoko Kintoko, Kintoko Laela Hayu Nurani Lasanudin, Rindi Ibrahim Leni Setiani Lily Noor Falah Lily Noor Falah Ma'ruf, Muhammad Magfirah Septiani Yusuf Maghfirah, Rahmayani Maysara, Risha Moch Saiful Bachri Moch Saiful Bachri Moch. Saiful Bachri Mochammad Saiful Bachri Muhammad Alfian, Muhammad Muhammad Ma'ruf Muhammad Marwan Ramadhan Muhammad Nuh Muhammad Yusron Maulana El-Yunusi Mustofa Ahda Nadia Putri Ainiyah Nadia Selvia Najini, Robby Ningrum, Lailatul Fitria Nining Sugihartini Nur Mahdi Nuri Ari Efiana Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah Mahfudh Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah Nuroh Aspamufita Paneri, Jerry Dwi Pelita, Putri Dina Permadi, Adi Putri Dina Pelita Rabiatul Adawiyah Rahmah Annura Rahmah Niar Ulfah Rahmawati, Dhea Rahmayani Maghfirah Ramadhan, Muhammad Marwan Ratih Saridewi Reka Rukmiati Rifka Salsabila Rikadyanti Rikadyanti Rindi Ibrahim Lasanudin Risha Maysara Risha Maysara Risma Yuliawanti Robby Najini Safira, Rizka Safwan Safwan Saraswati, Yasti Rizkandar Sari, Eka Anisa Satar, Ibdal Siti Nur Hasana Sofina Rahmadita Sri Mulyaningsih Sri Mulyaningsih Suci Kurniati Sugiyanto Suwidjiyo Pramono Tasya Bahagia Tiara Rizki Handayani Ulfa Ramdhani M Uswatun Chasanah Vivi Sofia Vivi Sophia Wahyu Widyaningsih Wahyu Widyaningsih Wahyu Widyaningsih Wahyu Widyaningsih Wardhani, Firdha Aprillia Yuliawanti, Risma