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Solubility Enhancement Methods Of Efavirenz : A Review febryanto, hery diar; Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Husni, Patihul
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 6, Issue 3, Sept - Dec 2024
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v6i3.64166

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a global public health concern due to its progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the associated high morbidity and mortality rates. Efavirenz (EFV), an antiretroviral drug, is widely used to manage HIV/AIDS. However, EFV exhibits poor aqueous solubility and variable bioavailability, necessitating techniques to enhance its solubility and dissolution for improved therapeutic efficacy. This study reviewed methods to enhance EFV solubility using data from research published between 2019 and 2023. Various approaches, including Nano Micelles, Wet Milling, Co-crystals, Physical Mixtures, Nanocrystals, Dry Milling, and Liquisolid techniques, were analysed. The results demonstrated significant solubility enhancements. For instance, Fuentes (2024) achieved a 50% dissolution efficiency using Nano Micelles, while wet milling by Prado (2024) increased dissolution from 83.48% to 99.10% over 150 minutes. Co-crystals, such as those studied by Gowda (2022), improved solubility from 94.16 µg/mL (pure EFV) to 197.32 µg/mL (EFV-DL-Alanine). Sartori's (2022) Nanocrystals technique demonstrated a dissolution efficiency of 98.41%. Furthermore, physical mixtures like Nel's (2022) combination of EFV with pea protein isolate achieved a solubility increase from 1.00 mg/mL to 2.30 mg/mL. These methods highlight advancements in solubility enhancement techniques that improve EFV’s pharmacokinetic profile. These findings can guide the development of more effective pharmaceutical formulations, improving treatment outcomes for individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
Pengembangan Gel Antiseptik Tangan Mengandung Minyak Atsiri Jeruk Lemon Menggunakan Metode Mikroemulsi Gel Husni, Patihul; Cahya Lestari, Riska; Hartono, Kusdi
JURNAL FARMASI GALENIKA Vol 11 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Farmasi Galenika Vol 11 No 2
Publisher : Universitas Bhakti Kencana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70410/jfg.v11i2.342

Abstract

Hand antiseptic gel preparation is a product that is widely used to protect the body from the entry of bacteria through the hands because of its practical use. Lemon peel (Citrus limon (L) Burm. F) contains essential oils that can inhibit the growth of bacteria so it can be used as a natural antiseptic. This research is aimed at obtaining the best formula preparation of hand antiseptic gel containing lemon essential oil (Citrus lemon (L) Burm. F). The microemulsion formula of lemon essential oil is optimized by making variations in the concentration of surfactant (Tween 80) and cosurfactant (propyleneglycol dan glycerin) which is then formulated into gel dosage form by using a variation in the concentration of the gelling agent. The preparation of the gel carried out a physical stability test that included organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, and viscosity. The optimization result of the best microemulsion formula is a formula with a Tween 80 as a surfactant and propylene glycol as a cosurfactant. Hand antiseptic gel preparation containing lemon essential oil (Citrus limon (L) Burm. F) with formula F2 is the best preparation because it is more stable according to the physical stability test of the preparation.
Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Gummy Candies Mengandung Infusa Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Sukrosa Christiningtyas Eryani, Mikhania; Judy Handojo, Kukuh; Safitri, Manzil; Husni, Patihul
JURNAL FARMASI GALENIKA Vol 11 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Farmasi Galenika Vol 11 No 3
Publisher : Universitas Bhakti Kencana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70410/jfg.v11i3.347

Abstract

Guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) are a traditional medicine used to treat diarrhea. The subtance contained in guava leaves that can have antidhiarrheal properties is tannin. Gummy candies are sweet product made from the main gel- forming ingredients such as gelatin, carrageenan, jelly, as well as sweetening ingredients such as sucrose, lactose, glukose, and others. This research aims to formulate and evaluate guava leave infused gummy candies with varying sucrose concentrations of 15 (F1)%, 20% (F2), and 25% (F3). Test data for the organoleptic physical properties of F1, F2, and F3 are chewy texture, weak melon aroma, green color, and sweet taste. In the weight uniformity test there was no difference between F1, F2, and F3. The average pH test results where F1 is 5.81, F2 is 6.16 and, F3 is 6.63. Testing the water content of gummy candies resulted in average of F1 is 12.4%, F2 is 27.5, and F3 is 43,29%. The conclusion is variation concentration of sucrose affect pH and water content but its not affect organoleptic and weight uniformity of gummy candies.
Pengembangan Bahan Farmasi: Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Pengeringan Terhadap Sifat Fisik Serbuk Kering Labu Siam Husni, Patihul; Tryani Sutisna Putri, Sussy; Erika Herawati, Irma; Christiningtyas Eryani, Mikhania
JURNAL FARMASI GALENIKA Vol 11 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Farmasi Galenika Vol 11 No 3
Publisher : Universitas Bhakti Kencana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70410/jfg.v11i3.357

Abstract

Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq). Swartz) is potential to be a pharmaceutical material.  Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of drying temperature variations on the physical properties of dry chayote powder. The temperatures used in the drying process are 100 ºC, 80 ºC, and 60 ºC. Evaluation of dry chayote powder includes organoleptic test, water content, flow time, angle of repose, compressibility index, and particle size distribution. The results showed brown powder in color with a distinctive aromatic odor and sweet taste, 2.50-2.80% of water content, 5-6 second in flow time showing good flow properties, 32.21-33.42 º in angle of repose showing powder easy to flow, and compressibility index of 10% -18%. The particle size distribution of dry chayote powder was fine powder with particle size around 0.5-0.7 mm. Statistical analysis results showed there were no significant effect of the drying temperature variations on the physical properties of dry chayote powder. The conclusion of this study is drying temperature variations (100 ºC, 80 ºC, dan 60 ºC) does not affect the physical properties of dry chayote powder.
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Sebagai Bahan Aktif Pembuatan Sabun Cair Alami Januarti, Melinda; Husni, Patihul; Christiningtyas Eryani, Mikhania
JURNAL FARMASI GALENIKA Vol 11 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Farmasi Galenika Vol 11 No 3
Publisher : Universitas Bhakti Kencana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70410/jfg.v11i3.358

Abstract

Nowadays, many people are paying attention to the benefits of natural soap because it is believed to be gentler on the skin and environmentally friendly. This research aims to determine the formulation of natural liquid soap with the addition of dragon fruit peel extract that is effective and meets the requirements. The method used is an experimental method by formulating a natural liquid soap containing 0.5% dragon fruit peel extract as the active ingredient and adding cocamid-DEA as a foam stabilizer in variations of 1%, 3%, and 5%. The tests conducted include organoleptic tests, pH tests, foam height tests, viscosity tests, and skin condition tests. Research shows that the natural liquid soap produced has characteristics of a reddish-purple color, a distinctive scent, and varying consistency depending on the concentration of cocamid-DEA added, where F3 has the highest viscosity at 528.9 mPa, F2 at 525.7 mPa, and F1 at 428.9 mPa. From the pH testing results, F1 has a pH of 8, while F2 and F3 have a pH of 9. In the foam height test, all formulas met the soap foam height requirement of 1.3-22 cm. The first formulation of natural liquid soap with the addition of dragon fruit peel extract as an active ingredient, based on organoleptic tests, pH tests, viscosity, and foam height tests, produced the best results and met the requirements.
Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Blush On Powder Ekstrak Buah Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Sebagai Pewarna Alami Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Syuhuriah, Ainin; Azizah, Siti Nur; Husni, Patihul
Journal of Agropharmacy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Blush on is a cosmetic product that is used to provide color or add aesthetics to facial makeup. Tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) contains red carotenoid pigments which can be used as natural dyes. This research aims to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of blush on tomato fruit extract with concentrations of 3% (F1),5% (F2) and 7% (F3). The results of organoleptic research showed that F1 was light orange, F2 was bright orange and F3 was bright orange. The entire formula smells of rosae, has a smooth and homogeneous texture. The pH value of the entire formula is 6.0. Evaluation of spreadability shows that the entire formula adheres after 5 applications. The conclusion of this research is that tomato fruit extract has an effect on the physical properties of blush on powder, namely organoleptic odor and color. However, it has no effect on organoleptic texture, pH, homogeneity and spreadability
Peran Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) dalam Pengendalian Resistensi Antimikroba di Indonesia Muthia Izati; Patihul Husni; Yosita Aulia Mustofa
OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Juli : OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61132/obat.v2i4.571

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance when microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites bo longer respond to antimicrobial medicines. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the 10 health threats faced by the global community. Controlling antimicrobial resistance involves various governmental agencies, including the Indonesia Food and Drug Authority (BPOM), which has responsibilities in the field of drug and food surveillance in Indonesia. The article is prepared to examine the role of BPOM in the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia. The article is prepared using a normative approach, which is a study of articles referring to normative laws found in legislation. The role of BPOM role in antimicrobial resistance control in Indonesia includes the drafting, strengthening, and implementation of policies surveillance of antimicrobial lifecycle, public education, and conducting joint inspection inspection with relevated institutions. The results of this article show that controlling antimicrobial resistance in Indonesia requires coordination and cooperation from all relevant institutions.
Evaluasi Kepatuan Penyimpanan Narkotika, Psikotropika, Dan Prekursor (NPP) Di Gudang Penyimpanan Pedangan Besar Farmasi (PBF) Di Kota Cirebon Apriyani, Mila; Husni, Patihul
Farmaka Vol 23, No 2 (2025): Farmaka (Juli)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/farmaka.v23i2.65473

Abstract

Narkotika, Psikotropika, dan Prekursor (NPP) merupakan bahan yang memiliki potensi penyalahgunaan tinggi dan efek farmakologis yang signifikan. Oleh karena itu, penyimpanan dan distribusinya harus memenuhi standar regulasi yang ketat, termasuk pedoman Cara Distribusi Obat yang Baik (CDOB) sebagaimana tercantum dalam Peraturan BPOM No. 9 Tahun 2024 dan No. 12 Tahun 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi tingkat kepatuhan tempat penyimpanan NPP pada gudang Pedagang Besar Farmasi (PBF) di Kota Cirebon terhadap standar CDOB. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan observasional-deskriptif dengan metode evaluatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, wawancara dengan personel kunci, serta checklist berbasis prinsip CDOB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan penyimpanan NPP mencapai 100% dengan seluruh 25 indikator CDOB terpenuhi, meliputi aspek infrastruktur, keamanan, penyimpanan produk khusus, manajemen stok, pencatatan, dan kebersihan. Capaian ini berbeda dengan beberapa penelitian lain yang melaporkan adanya ketidakpatuhan di sejumlah PBF, namun sejalan dengan temuan di wilayah Bandung yang menunjukkan kepatuhan penuh. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan standar penyimpanan NPP di PBF Kota Cirebon telah optimal, meskipun masih diperlukan peningkatan berkelanjutan melalui pelatihan rutin, audit internal, dan pemanfaatan teknologi digital untuk mendukung efisiensi serta transparansi sistem distribusi.
Tata Cara Sertifikasi Pemenuhan Aspek Obat Cara Pembuatan Obat Tradisional yang Baik (CPOTB) secara Bertahap dalam Rangka Menjamin Mutu dan Keamanan Obat Bahan Alam di Jawa Barat Soewahju, Renata Bella; Husni, Patihul; Firmansyah, Firmansyah
Farmaka Vol 23, No 3 (2025): Farmaka (November)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/farmaka.v23i3.69009

Abstract

Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan menjelaskan bahwasanya obat bahan alam hanya dapat diedarkan setelah memperoleh izin edar. Penerapan Cara Pembuatan Obat Tradisional yang Baik (CPOTB) menjadi standar penting guna memberikan jaminan mutu dan keamanan produk. Namun, keterbatasan sumber daya pada Usaha Kecil Obat Tradisional (UKOT) maupun Usaha Mikro Obat Tradisional (UMOT) kerap menjadi hambatan dalam pemenuhan CPOTB secara menyeluruh. Untuk mendukung kesiapan pelaku usaha, BPOM menerapkan Sertifikasi Pemenuhan Aspek (SPA) CPOTB secara Bertahap. Artikel ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran mengenai persyaratan dan tahapan pengajuan SPA CPOTB secara Bertahap serta implementasinya di wilayah Jawa Barat melalui peran BBPOM Bandung. Metode penulisan menggunakan studi literatur dan penelusuran regulasi terkait sertifikasi. Permohonan diajukan melalui sistem OSS-RBA yang telah tersambung dengan e-sertifikasi BPOM dengan estimasi waktu proses sekitar 40 hari kerja. Sertifikat memiliki jangka waktu berlaku tiga tahun dengan opsi perpanjangan maksimal dua kali. Dengan pemahaman prosedur dan persyaratan yang tepat, UKOT dan UMOT diharapkan dapat melakukan proses sertifikasi lebih efektif dan efisien.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Sebagai Indikator Kontaminasi Produk Kosmetika : Tinjauan Literatur Nafisa Nurfatia Hidayat; Patihul Husni
Vitalitas Medis : Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Januari: Vitalitas Medis : Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/vimed.v3i1.2681

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the environment and serves as an important indicator of microbiological contamination in cosmetic products. Its ability to survive in low nutrient conditions and its resistance to various preservatives make it a microorganism frequently found in water-based products. Contamination can occur during production, storage, and use, and has the potential to cause irritation or infection, especially in individuals with low immunity. This literature review was compiled based on data searches on PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Scopus with inclusion criteria of original studies from 2015 to 2025 that reported the detection of P. aeruginosa in cosmetic products. The results of the review show that P. aeruginosa is not only found in new products but also in used products, mainly due to unhygienic usage practices. Although some products are declared free from contamination, monitoring of the production process and consumer education on how to use and store cosmetics are still necessary. Thus, the detection and control of P. aeruginosa are important aspects in ensuring the safety of cosmetic products on the market.
Co-Authors Adi Prayitno Aditama, Agnis Agita, Kiva Agnis Pondineka Ria Aditama Ahmad Muhtadi Alicia Ima Dara Ami Tjitraresmi, Ami Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa, Anis Yohana ANUGRAHANI YUNIAR EKAWATI Apriyani, Mila Ardian Baitariza, Ardian Aryani, Annisa Fitri Astri Sherly Inggriani Astri Sherly Inggriani Ayuning Trias, Diah Aziz, Calista Sasikirana Finola Billa Nidia Hikmatiana Budianto, Muhamad Oke Cahya Lestari, Riska Carolina, Theresia Denok Risky Ayu Paramita Dolih Gozali Dwi Puji Astuti Een herliani Erika Herawati, Irma ERYANI, MIKHANIA Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas Fakhirah, Maitsa Alya Fakhri Rabbani FARIANTI EKO NUR KHASANAH Fauziah, Neneng Alifia Nur Firmansyah Firmansyah Hazrina, Aghnia Henny Lucida Hery Diar Febryanto Ida Musfiroh -, Ida Musfiroh IRMA RAHAYU LATARISSA Januarti, Melinda Judy Handojo, Kukuh Khanifah Hidayati Puspa Negara Khoirunnisa, Arina Kurniati, Bunga Dian Kusdi Hartono Kusdi Hartono, Kusdi Layyareza, Rania Talinta Luthfiah, Annisa Mayang K. Dewi MEGA HIJRIAWATI Mikhania Christiningtyas Eryani Muhaimin Muhaimin Mulyani, Tuti Sri Muthia Izati NADYA INDAH DEWANTI, NADYA INDAH Nafisa Nurfatia Hidayat Nina Wijiani Norisca A. Putriana NORISCA ALIZA PUTRIANA NUR DIANA HADAD Nuryani, Tri Winarsih Permatasari, Lina Putri Perwira, Anggun Putri perwita, tista Puspitaningrum, Kartika Putri, Refitha Nurul Rashati, Dewi Ratnawati, Aini RESTIKA ERIA PUTRI Rini Hendriani Safitri, Manzil Salsabila, Annisa Siti Sigalingging, Asima Rohana Silvia, Nurfianti Siti Nur Azizah, Siti Nur Sitinjak, Bernap Dwi Putra Soewahju, Renata Bella SORAYA RATNAWULAN MITA, SORAYA RATNAWULAN Syuhuriah, Ainin Taofik Rusdiana Tryani Sutisna Putri, Sussy Vinny Hosiana Widayanti Supraba Yoga Windhu Wardhana Yosita Aulia Mustofa Yuli Agung Prasetyo YUNIKE KARUNIA PUTRI Yusuf, Marsha Afifah