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Journal : Journal of Foundational Learning and Child Development

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Fundamental Locomotor Skill Proficiency in Phase a Primary Students: An Observational Study of Walking, Running, and Jumping Kaban, Ika Oktarina br; Siregar, Samsudi; Octavia , Syalwa; Nasution, Diyah Salsabil; Mutia, Mutia; Tamba, Kuntum; Dalimunthe, Arif Rahman; Pebriansyah, Wahyu; Banjarnahor, Ramelina
Journal of Foundational Learning and Child Development Vol. 2 No. 01 (2026): January 27, 2026
Publisher : CV. INSPIRETECH GLOBAL INSIGHT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53905/ChildDev.v2i01.06

Abstract

Purpose of the study: Fundamental locomotor skills—walking, running, and jumping—constitute the motor foundation upon which more complex physical competencies are developed during early childhood and primary school years. Adequate mastery of these skills is essential not only for physical performance but also for cognitive engagement, social participation, and lifelong physical activity habits. This study aimed to describe and assess the fundamental locomotor movement abilities of Phase A first-grade elementary school students, specifically examining walking, running, and jumping proficiency during Physical Education (PE) learning activities at SD Ibnu Halim, Medan, Indonesia. Materials and methods: A qualitative descriptive research design was employed. Twelve students (6 males, 6 females; mean age 6.5 ± 0.5 years) were purposively selected as participants. Data were collected across three structured observation sessions using a validated locomotor skill observation rubric, supplemented by semi-structured teacher interviews and document analysis. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Lincoln and Guba’s trustworthiness criteria (credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability) were applied to ensure rigor. Results: Walking demonstrated the highest proficiency rate (75.0%), characterized by consistent rhythmic gait and adequate dynamic balance. Running showed moderate proficiency (58.3%), with over 40% of participants displaying postural compensation and inconsistent arm–leg coordination. Jumping exhibited the lowest proficiency (33.3%), with the majority of students unable to execute proper two-foot takeoff mechanics and controlled landing techniques. Thematic analysis revealed four overarching themes influencing locomotor development: movement experience, pedagogical strategy, individual variation, and feedback quality. Conclusions: Phase A first-grade students demonstrate locomotor abilities consistent with normative developmental expectations; however, significant refinement is required, particularly in jumping skills. Physical Education instruction should adopt game-based, exploratory, and differentiated approaches to optimize locomotor competency development. Teachers must provide structured guidance, timely corrective feedback, and sufficient practice opportunities aligned with each child’s developmental stage.
Co-Authors A, Nugraha P.P Adi Nur Cahyono Adriani, Dian Ayu Ahmad Suriansyah Ahmad, Syafiqah Solehah Binti Ainul Mardhiah, Ainul Ananda, Dea Anggraini, Siska Dwi Araliz, Maheka Restu Astuti, Amelia Dwi Aulia Agustina, Aulia Ayu Sabila Azahari, Helmi Azzuhra, Dara Nabilah Badawi, Afif Banjarnahor, Ramelina Batu Bara, Zulfa Khairina Budi Wijaya Daddy Budiman Dalimunthe, Arif Rahman David, Gebby Avischa Dek Opra Dewi Nurhanifah, Dewi Diani Ayu Pratiwi Dicky Apdilah Dini Palupi Putri, Dini Palupi Edria Sandika Eliana Eliana Elsa Efrina Elvis Adril Erlangga Erlangga Eva Ayuzar, Eva Fadhilah, Rika Fahrul Rizal, Fahrul Fantini, Endah Fawziyah, Sri Firayani, Firayani Gunawan Gunawan Haifaturrahmah, Haifaturrahmah Halisa, Siti Noor Hamidatul Yuni Hardianto Hasanuddin, Iskandar Ilhami, Ayu Indra Putra, Indra Putra Iqbal, MT, Mohd irma yunita Isnaniah, Isnaniah Johandri Taufan Kaban, Ika Oktarina Br Khairiyati, Nurlaila Dwe Khairul Habibi Khairul Moliza Khairunnisa Khairunnisa Komarudin Komarudin Kresnaufal, Arvin lisnawati, ica Lubis, Nurhalidah Lutvia Humaira M. Imamuddin Mahdaliana, Mahdaliana Marsela, Selly Maulam, Zevi Adam Mega Iswari MUALIMUL HUDA, MUALIMUL Mubarak, M.Ihsan Muliani Muliani, Muliani Munthe, Ibnu Rasyid Muslimah Muslimah Nasution, Diyah Salsabil Nelisa, Nelisa Nina Herlina Nona Dince, Maria Nor Azizah, Nor Nova Eliza Nur Indah Febriani Nur ‘Azah Nurganah Chaidar, Ana Nurhaliza, Syarifah Nurwijayanti Octavia , Syalwa Pebriansyah, Wahyu Putri Pratiwi, Anne Radhaina, Jannatul Rahmadena, Novia Rasyidah Rini Fitriani Roszi, Jurna Ruhban Masykur S, Nessa A.P. Safitri, Tria Salbiah Salbiah, Salbiah Sari, Nursina Sesariani, Mahdiyina Setiyani Setiyani Silvia, Cut Tarisa Siregar, Samsudi Sri Wahyuni St. Budi Waluya Suherman, Suherman Sukestiyarno Sukestiyarno Suriani, Rida Surmiyanti, Cici Syafrawati Tamba, Kuntum Taufik Anwar Wahyuningsih, Wiwin Arbaini Wedra Aprison Widianti, Anyta Yanti, Murny Deni Yasin, Asrur Yecci Noeng, Amanda Yunianto, Wahid Zahran, Zahran Zainab Zainab Zinan, Rabiatul Ziza Putri Aisyia Fauzi Zulkipli Zulkipli