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THE EFFECT OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS FROM NATURAL INGREDIENTS ON VANAMEI SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) IN INCREASING NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY TO FIGHT DISEASE Nuri Muahiddah; Rangga Idris Affandi; Wastu Ayu Diamahesa
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Vanamei shrimp Litopeneus vannamei is a commodity with high economic value. Shrimp is Indonesia's main export commodity. The high value of sales and production of vanamei shrimp is constrained by the many disease attacks in the vanamei shrimp farming industry. An alternative solution that has been continuously researched for several years to combat shrimp disease is using immunostimulants from natural ingredients. Using natural ingredients for immunostimulants can increase the non-specific immunity of vanamei shrimp to ward off disease and be environmentally friendly. Immunostimulants can be administered orally, by immersion, or by injection. Immunostimulants from natural ingredients such as spirulina platensis, polysaccharides from seaweed such as carrageenan, sodium alginate, and fucoidan, extracts from red seaweed, as well as the use of polysaccharides from the bacterium Nodulisporium sp. KT29, Trichoderma sp. able to increase the non-specific immune system in L. vannamei shrimp. These immunostimulants increase non-specific immunity, such as total hemocyte count, phagocytosis activity, phenoloxidase, phagocytic, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, and total plasma protein. Immunostimulants from these natural ingredients can also fight infectious disease attacks.

POTENTIAL USE OF BROWN ALGAE AS AN IMMUNOSTIMULANT MATERIAL IN THE AQUACULTURE FIELD TO INCREASE NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY AND FIGHT DISEASE Nuri Muahiddah; Wastu Ayu Diamahesa
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

The aquaculture field continues to grow from year to year. This is because aquaculture fulfills the world's food needs. Aquaculture intensification continues. As a result of this intensification, the aquaculture environment experienced a decrease in water quality. This led to the rapid growth of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, resulting in a high incidence of disease outbreaks. An alternative solution that has been extensively researched recently is using immunostimulants to increase the non-specific immunity of fish and shrimp, which will help fish and insects prevent disease outbreaks. One of the natural ingredients that have the potential to become an immunostimulant is from the brown algae group. Immunostimulants from brown algae such as Hot-water Extract of Tropical Brown Seaweed, Sargassum cristaefolium, Sargassum glaucescens, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum wightii, Sargassum sp. Polysaccharides from seaweed, such as fucoidan extracts from brown algae, can enhance the non-specific immune system in shrimp Litopenaneus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Fenneropenaeus indicus, and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. These immunostimulants increase non-specific immunity, such as total hemocyte count, phagocytosis activity, phenoloxidase, phagocytic, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, and total plasma protein. Immunostimulants from brown algae can also fight bacterial disease attacks Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococciasis, Streptococcus iniae, and White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by increasing survival rate and can increase the growth and feed efficiency of cultivated commodities that are not given immunostimulants.

THE USE OF GARLIC (Allium sativum) AS AN IMMUNOSTIMULANT IN AQUACULTURE Muahiddah, Nuri; Diamahesa, Wastu Ayu
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v3i1.2751

The improvement of fish immunity is a critical factor in successful aquaculture. In recent years, the use of garlic (Allium sativum) as an immunostimulant has attracted researchers and farmers' interest in enhancing fish's health and disease resistance. This abstract discusses an overview of the use of garlic as an immunostimulant in aquaculture. Garlic is widely known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunostimulant properties. Several studies have evaluated the effects of garlic supplementation on various species of cultured fish. The results have shown that the administration of garlic in fish feed can enhance immune responses, such as increased immune enzyme activity and antibody production. Furthermore, active components in garlic, such as allicin and diallyl sulfide, have been proven effective against fish pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, garlic as an immunostimulant in aquaculture still requires further research. Factors such as the appropriate dosage, interactions with farming conditions, and a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms must be considered. To optimise the use of garlic, further research is required to explore optimal dosages, interactions with environmental factors, and a better understanding of its effects on fish immune responses. In conclusion, garlic as an immunostimulant in aquaculture shows promising potential. The oral administration of garlic extract through the fish feed is capable of preventing infections by Aeromonas sp. and Aeromonas hydrophila in fish species such as Tawes, Catfish, Dumbo catfish, and Nile tilapia, while also enhancing non-specific immunity, such as increased total hematocrit, total haemoglobin, total erythrocytes, and phagocytic activity.

THE USE OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS FROM PAPAYA LEAVES TO TREAT DISEASE AND INCREASE NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY IN FISH AND SHRIMP Muahiddah, Nuri; Diamahesa, Wastu Ayu
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v3i1.2755

The use of immunostimulants from papaya leaves as a treatment strategy for fish diseases has gained attention in the field of aquaculture. Initial studies have shown that the active compounds in papaya leaves have the potential as immunostimulants to enhance the fish immune system and combat disease infections. Previous studies have revealed that the administration of papaya leaf extracts in fish feed can stimulate immune responses, including activating immune cells such as macrophages and increasing antibody production. The compounds in papaya leaves also exhibit antimicrobial effects that help fight against pathogens causing diseases in fish. Although research findings indicate the potential use of papaya leaf immunostimulants, further studies are needed to understand their mechanisms of action comprehensively. Factors such as effective dosage, optimal administration methods, and their effects on various diseases must be clarified. Safety aspects should also be considered, including potential side effects and residues in fish intended for human consumption. Consideration should also be given to sustainable fish farming practices and the potential environmental impacts of the widespread use of papaya leaf immunostimulants. In conclusion, using immunostimulants from papaya leaves to treat fish diseases shows promising potential. However, further research is required to understand their effects thoroughly, determine the appropriate dosage, evaluate the safety, and consider sustainable aquaculture aspects before their use can be widely recommended in aquaculture practices.

Evaluation of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Breeding Activities at the Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP) jepara Maudina, Finda; Diamahesa, Wastu Ayu
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v3i2.3748

Cultivation of milkfish in Indonesia plays a central role in the fisheries sector, covering an expansive area of approximately 600,000 hectares and achieving a production of 621,393 tons in 2014. Milkfish-producing regions are distributed across various areas, including Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Java, employing diverse cultivation technologies. Milkfish holds a crucial role in meeting food needs and contributing to the economic well-being of communities. Despite the predominantly traditional cultivation practices, yielding between 500 kg to 1 ton per hectare per year, there are also semi-intensive cultivation methods with yields reaching 3 tons per hectare per year. The high demand for milkfish seeds necessitates optimal water quality and strict supervision, serving as decisive factors in attaining optimal production outcomes. This research aims to acquire knowledge and skills related to milkfish breeding techniques, particularly at the Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP) in Jepara. Data collection methods involve observation, active participation, and direct interviews. The results of this study indicate that the management of feed, broodstock maintenance, and feed management in milkfish breeding at BBPBAP Jepara are well-executed, supporting the success of milkfish breeding. The implications of this research can contribute positively to the development of milkfish cultivation techniques, focusing on milkfish breeding to achieve optimal production outcomes.

Evaluation of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Cultivation Techniques at Balai Benih Ikan (BBI) Lingsar, West Nusa Tenggara Aeni, Nurul; Diamahesa, Wastu Ayu
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v4i1.4416

This research aims to evaluate the cultivation techniques of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at the Balai Benih Ikan Lingsar Installation, West Nusa Tenggara. The research method involved observation, interviews, and common carp cultivation activities. Data collected included pond preparation, seed selection and stocking, feed management, carp seed growth, evaluation of survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and water quality measurement. The research results showed significant growth in common carp seeds, with average weight and length increasing from the beginning to the end of the rearing period. The survival rate (SR) reached 97%, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) reached 0.77, indicating good feed efficiency. Water quality during the common carp cultivation period was within the optimal range, with pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature values suitable for fish growth. This research demonstrates that the common carp cultivation techniques applied at the Balai Benih Ikan Lingsar Installation are effective in supporting the growth and survival of common carp.

Natural Feed Administration During Fattening Stage for the Growth of Mud Crabs (Scylla sp.) Under Different Rearing Systems Diamahesa, Wastu Ayu; Rahmadani, Thoy Batun Citra
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v4i4.5930

Mud crab (Scylla spp.) aquaculture holds significant potential in supporting food security, economic growth, and ecological balance. This study aims to summarize various findings related to critical factors in mud crab farming, such as feed types, rearing systems, and stocking density, and their impact on productivity, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and economic profitability. The review highlights that trash fish feed at 15% of body weight yields optimal growth and feed efficiency due to its high protein content. Feed diversification, including stingray and janitor fish, offers promising results with reduced costs. Various rearing systems are employed, ranging from cages and earthen ponds to advanced technologies such as Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). Small bamboo floating cages demonstrate superior outcomes in growth and survival rates (SR). Mangrove habitats significantly enhance crab growth, while silvofishery systems provide a sustainable farming alternative. Optimal stocking density, such as 4 crabs/m², balances growth and production. Additionally, Scylla serrata exhibits the best growth rate compared to other species, particularly males. Innovations like soft-shell farming technology add economic value to the product. Overall, the success of mud crab aquaculture depends on the optimal combination of feed, rearing systems, and environmental management. This review offers strategic insights for developing efficient, sustainable, and economically viable crab farming practices.

THE USE OF GARLIC (Allium sativum) AS AN IMMUNOSTIMULANT IN AQUACULTURE Muahiddah, Nuri; Diamahesa, Wastu Ayu
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v3i1.2751

The improvement of fish immunity is a critical factor in successful aquaculture. In recent years, the use of garlic (Allium sativum) as an immunostimulant has attracted researchers and farmers' interest in enhancing fish's health and disease resistance. This abstract discusses an overview of the use of garlic as an immunostimulant in aquaculture. Garlic is widely known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunostimulant properties. Several studies have evaluated the effects of garlic supplementation on various species of cultured fish. The results have shown that the administration of garlic in fish feed can enhance immune responses, such as increased immune enzyme activity and antibody production. Furthermore, active components in garlic, such as allicin and diallyl sulfide, have been proven effective against fish pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, garlic as an immunostimulant in aquaculture still requires further research. Factors such as the appropriate dosage, interactions with farming conditions, and a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms must be considered. To optimise the use of garlic, further research is required to explore optimal dosages, interactions with environmental factors, and a better understanding of its effects on fish immune responses. In conclusion, garlic as an immunostimulant in aquaculture shows promising potential. The oral administration of garlic extract through the fish feed is capable of preventing infections by Aeromonas sp. and Aeromonas hydrophila in fish species such as Tawes, Catfish, Dumbo catfish, and Nile tilapia, while also enhancing non-specific immunity, such as increased total hematocrit, total haemoglobin, total erythrocytes, and phagocytic activity.

THE USE OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS FROM PAPAYA LEAVES TO TREAT DISEASE AND INCREASE NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY IN FISH AND SHRIMP Muahiddah, Nuri; Diamahesa, Wastu Ayu
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v3i1.2755

The use of immunostimulants from papaya leaves as a treatment strategy for fish diseases has gained attention in the field of aquaculture. Initial studies have shown that the active compounds in papaya leaves have the potential as immunostimulants to enhance the fish immune system and combat disease infections. Previous studies have revealed that the administration of papaya leaf extracts in fish feed can stimulate immune responses, including activating immune cells such as macrophages and increasing antibody production. The compounds in papaya leaves also exhibit antimicrobial effects that help fight against pathogens causing diseases in fish. Although research findings indicate the potential use of papaya leaf immunostimulants, further studies are needed to understand their mechanisms of action comprehensively. Factors such as effective dosage, optimal administration methods, and their effects on various diseases must be clarified. Safety aspects should also be considered, including potential side effects and residues in fish intended for human consumption. Consideration should also be given to sustainable fish farming practices and the potential environmental impacts of the widespread use of papaya leaf immunostimulants. In conclusion, using immunostimulants from papaya leaves to treat fish diseases shows promising potential. However, further research is required to understand their effects thoroughly, determine the appropriate dosage, evaluate the safety, and consider sustainable aquaculture aspects before their use can be widely recommended in aquaculture practices.

Evaluation of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Breeding Activities at the Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP) jepara Maudina, Finda; Diamahesa, Wastu Ayu
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v3i2.3748

Cultivation of milkfish in Indonesia plays a central role in the fisheries sector, covering an expansive area of approximately 600,000 hectares and achieving a production of 621,393 tons in 2014. Milkfish-producing regions are distributed across various areas, including Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Java, employing diverse cultivation technologies. Milkfish holds a crucial role in meeting food needs and contributing to the economic well-being of communities. Despite the predominantly traditional cultivation practices, yielding between 500 kg to 1 ton per hectare per year, there are also semi-intensive cultivation methods with yields reaching 3 tons per hectare per year. The high demand for milkfish seeds necessitates optimal water quality and strict supervision, serving as decisive factors in attaining optimal production outcomes. This research aims to acquire knowledge and skills related to milkfish breeding techniques, particularly at the Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP) in Jepara. Data collection methods involve observation, active participation, and direct interviews. The results of this study indicate that the management of feed, broodstock maintenance, and feed management in milkfish breeding at BBPBAP Jepara are well-executed, supporting the success of milkfish breeding. The implications of this research can contribute positively to the development of milkfish cultivation techniques, focusing on milkfish breeding to achieve optimal production outcomes.

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