The rapid advancement of technology has brought significant changes to the education sector, requiring teachers to possess strong digital skills and confidence in utilizing technology to enhance the learning process. This study aims to analyze the influence of digitalization, digital competence, and self-efficacy on teacher education performance. The research employed a quantitative method with a survey design. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to 200 teachers from several elementary schools in Indonesia, and analyzed using Smart PLS to examine the relationships among variables. The results indicate that digitalization has a significant positive effect on teachers’ digital competence. Furthermore, digital competence positively influences teachers’ self-efficacy, which subsequently improves their educational performance. These findings highlight the pivotal role of digital competence and self-efficacy in enhancing teaching quality in the digital era. The implications of this study suggest that educational institutions should prioritize comprehensive digital training programs, provide adequate technological resources, and foster a supportive environment to strengthen teachers’ confidence and ability in using digital tools. By doing so, institutions can better prepare teachers to meet the evolving challenges of digitalization and improve overall learning outcomes.