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All Journal Amerta Nutrition World Nutrition Journal PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Promotif Preventif Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Sundjaya, Tonny
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Other

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THE GUT-BRAIN-MICROBIOME AXIS IN CHILDHOOD OBESITY: MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Aulia, Bianda; Sundjaya, Tonny
Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition
Publisher : PT. Varians Statistik Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63953/jisn.v3i4.69

Abstract

Background: Childhood obesity has become a global health crisis affecting 188 million children aged 5–19 years worldwide, with serious metabolic complications. The gut–brain–microbiome axis has emerged as a key mechanistic link and therapeutic target for obesity in children. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar and included studies published up to December 2025. Search terms, used in various combinations, included “childhood obesity,” “gut microbiota,” “gut–brain axis,” “targeted interventions,” “probiotic,” and “prebiotic”. Results: Childhood obesity is associated with early-life gut dysbiosis characterized by reduced diversity, higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, and shifts in key taxa, driven by prenatal, postnatal, and lifestyle factors. This dysbiotic microbiota enhances energy harvest, promotes low-grade inflammation and barrier dysfunction, and disrupts gut–brain axis signaling via altered short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitter, and gut hormone profiles, thereby impairing appetite regulation and favoring positive energy balance. Emerging evidence indicates that targeting the gut microbiota–brain axis with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation may improve metabolic outcomes and body composition in children with obesity. Conclusion: Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to childhood obesity via altered metabolism, inflammation, and gut–brain axis–mediated appetite regulation.
The role of inflammatory biomarkers in adolescent major depressive disorder: a systematic review Kwarta, Cityta Putri; Sari, Mike Permata; Suharti; Sundjaya, Tonny; Novitasari, Prihatini Dini; Taufik, Kumar
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Vol 42 No 01 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v42i01.23244

Abstract

Purpose: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in adolescents is an escalating mental health problem with underlying biological pathways. Increasing evi- dence highlights the role of inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in its development and progression. This study aims to explore the role of inflammatory biomarkers in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among adolescent populations, elucidating their potential utility for more effective treatment strategies. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using Ebsco, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Studies published between 2019 and 2025 that focused on adolescent MDD (aged 10-19 years) and inflammation were included. Study quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool, and narrative analyses were conducted for data synthesis. The PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design) framework is used to ensure clarity in defining the research question and inclusion criteria. The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251129403). Results: A total of 29 articles met the inclusion criteria for this study. Across the included studies, elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly inter- leukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), were consistently associated with MDD in adolescents. Dysregulation of the Hypothalamic- Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and alterations in anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 were also observed. These biomarkers were linked to changes in stress hormone regulation. Conclusion: Inflammatory biomarkers play a significant role in the pathophysiology of MDD among adolescents, offering promising avenues for early detection and personalised intervention. Integrating biomarker assessment into clinical practice may improve diag- nosis and guide targeted treatments.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG INFANTS IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE, INDONESIA Winarno, Nibras Azeenshia; Pujonarti, Siti Arifah; Triyanti, Triyanti; Irawati, Anies; Perkasa, Al Ilham Ksatria Gagah; Sundjaya, Tonny; Masita, Bertri Maulidya
Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition
Publisher : PT. Varians Statistik Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63953/jisn.v4i1.70

Abstract

Background: According to the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, individuals who have a Birth Weight less than 3000 grams are at risk of suffering from metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and metabolic syndrome in Indonesia and South Kalimantan is increasing. In 2023, the Indonesian Health Survey (Survey Kesehatan Indonesia /SKI) data showed that the percentage of Birth Weight less than 3000 grams in Indonesia reached 35.3% and in South Kalimantan 41.7%. This indicates an increase in the percentage of Birth Weight less than 3000 grams in South Kalimantan when compared to the 2018 Riskesdas data, the percentage of BW less than 3000 grams in South Kalimantan was 37.5%. This is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional research design and using secondary data from the SKI 2023. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately with complex samples and chi square tests. The results of the study found a significant association between Birth Weight and Chronic Energy Deficiency (p-value = 0.001) where mothers with a history of Chronic Energy Deficiency had a 5 times higher risk. Conclusion: History of Chronic Energy Deficiency among mothers is an important determinant of infants’ Birth Weight in South Kalimantan. Further, these findings might contribute to the prevention strategy of Non-Communicable Diseases in South Kalimantan.
Co-Authors Agung Kurniawan Alifah Wulandari, Alifah Amirah, Fitria Angeline, Maharani Eria Anies Irawati Arumndari, Runi Asy'ari, Yudha Aulia, Bianda Aviria Ermamilia Basrowi, Ray Wagiu Darus, Febriansyah Dilantika, Charisma Ekasiwi, Firstya Diyah Erry Yudhya Mulyani Fadil Himawan, Muhammad Fathiyyah, Nurul Fatimah, Putri Ganisia, Ainun Hasanah, Fina Cahya Helmi, Tri Amelia Rahmitha Helmyati, Siti Imeldawati, Rakhmalia Izmi Arisa Putri Lubis Kania R, Rahayu Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie Kinesya, Edwin Kurnia Sari Kurniati, Henny Kwarta, Cityta Putri Lily Arsanti Lestari Masita, Bertri Maulidya Mery Merlisia Mira Fauziah Mutiara, Nafisa Nadiyah Nadiyah Novianti, Anugrah Novitasari, Prihatini Dini Oktarina, Molly Dumakuri Paramita, Farah Pascaramadhani, Addini Pasiak, Taufiq Fredrik Perkasa, Al Ilham Ksatria Gagah Pratiwi, Dessy Purnomosari, Lupi Putri Rahmadani, Putri Putri, Az-zahra Atika Putri, Febriani Ramadani, Okta Rini Sekartini Ryveka, Aurellia SARI, MIKE PERMATA Sari, Yona Wia Sartika Septiani, Seala Setyarsih, Liani Shidiqah, Raysah Sa’diyah Siti Arifah Pujonarti Suharti Supriyadi Surapsari, Juwalita Taufik, Kumar Tjhin Wiguna Triyanti Triyanti Utami, Dessy Aryanti Wasito, Erika Winarno, Nibras Azeenshia Zahra, Audia Zakiudin Munasir Zata Ismah