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All Journal Amerta Nutrition World Nutrition Journal PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Promotif Preventif Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Sundjaya, Tonny
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Other

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THE GUT-BRAIN-MICROBIOME AXIS IN CHILDHOOD OBESITY: MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Aulia, Bianda; Sundjaya, Tonny
Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63953/jisn.v3i4.69

Abstract

Background: Childhood obesity has become a global health crisis affecting 188 million children aged 5–19 years worldwide, with serious metabolic complications. The gut–brain–microbiome axis has emerged as a key mechanistic link and therapeutic target for obesity in children. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar and included studies published up to December 2025. Search terms, used in various combinations, included “childhood obesity,” “gut microbiota,” “gut–brain axis,” “targeted interventions,” “probiotic,” and “prebiotic”. Results: Childhood obesity is associated with early-life gut dysbiosis characterized by reduced diversity, higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, and shifts in key taxa, driven by prenatal, postnatal, and lifestyle factors. This dysbiotic microbiota enhances energy harvest, promotes low-grade inflammation and barrier dysfunction, and disrupts gut–brain axis signaling via altered short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitter, and gut hormone profiles, thereby impairing appetite regulation and favoring positive energy balance. Emerging evidence indicates that targeting the gut microbiota–brain axis with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation may improve metabolic outcomes and body composition in children with obesity. Conclusion: Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to childhood obesity via altered metabolism, inflammation, and gut–brain axis–mediated appetite regulation.
Co-Authors Agung Kurniawan Alifah Wulandari, Alifah Amirah, Fitria Angeline, Maharani Eria Arumndari, Runi Asy'ari, Yudha Aulia, Bianda Aviria Ermamilia Basrowi, Ray Wagiu Darus, Febriansyah Dilantika, Charisma Ekasiwi, Firstya Diyah Erry Yudhya Mulyani Fadil Himawan, Muhammad Fathiyyah, Nurul Fatimah, Putri Ganisia, Ainun Hasanah, Fina Cahya Helmi, Tri Amelia Rahmitha Helmyati, Siti Imeldawati, Rakhmalia Izmi Arisa Putri Lubis Kania R, Rahayu Kartjito, Melissa Stephanie Kinesya, Edwin Kurnia Sari Kurniati, Henny Kwarta, Cityta Putri Lily Arsanti Lestari Mery Merlisia Mira Fauziah Mutiara, Nafisa Nadiyah Nadiyah Novianti, Anugrah Novitasari, Prihatini Dini Oktarina, Molly Dumakuri Paramita, Farah Pascaramadhani, Addini Pasiak, Taufiq Fredrik Pratiwi, Dessy Purnomosari, Lupi Putri Rahmadani, Putri Putri, Az-zahra Atika Putri, Febriani Ramadani, Okta Rini Sekartini Ryveka, Aurellia SARI, MIKE PERMATA Sari, Yona Wia Sartika Septiani, Seala Setyarsih, Liani Shidiqah, Raysah Sa’diyah Suharti Supriyadi Surapsari, Juwalita Taufik, Kumar Tjhin Wiguna Utami, Dessy Aryanti Wasito, Erika Zahra, Audia Zakiudin Munasir Zata Ismah