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All Journal JURNAL HUKUM Pembaharuan Hukum Journal of Governance International Journal of Law Reconstruction International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Jurnal Hukum tora: Hukum mengatur dan melindungi masyarakat Unes Law Review Sang Pencerah: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat MEMBANGUN NEGERI Syntax Idea Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam jurnal syntax admiration Jurnal Scientia LEGAL BRIEF JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi RIO LAW JURNAL Jurnal Ekonomi Action Research Literate (ARL) Journal of Social Research Jurnal Sosial dan Sains Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi Lex Publica Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Journal of Mandalika Literature Advances In Social Humanities Research ⁠International Journal of Asian Pacific Community Service
Wiwik Sri Widiarty
Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Astronomy Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Perlindungan Aset Digital Dalam Dunia Metaverse Berdasarkan Hukum Nasional Thomas Dragono; Wiwik Sri Widiarty; Bernard Nainggolan
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Juni 2023
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/jk.v7i1.4901

Abstract

Abstrak Perkembangan teknologi digital yang pesat telah memunculkan fenomena baru dalam bentuk aset digital NFT (Non-Fungible Token) dan masifnya pengembangan Metaverse. NFT adalah sertifikat digital yang menunjukkan kepemilikan suatu objek virtual dan tercatat dalam blockchain. Metaverse memungkinkan pengguna untuk berbagi pengalaman dalam bentuk realitas virtual 3D sekaligus evolusi teknologi sosial yang membuka babak baru dalam interaksi manusia. Berbagai aspek bisnis dapat dilakukan melalui Metaverse, termasuk investasi saham, penggunaan blockchain, dan kepemilikan aset. Meskipun Metaverse memuahkan dan membuka peluang bisnis yang luas, masih belum ada regulasi komprehensif yang mengatur aspek hukum Metaverse di Indonesia. Ketidakteraturan regulasi ini dapat mengakibatkan ketidakjelasan dalam perlindungan hukum bagi pengguna Metaverse, terutama terkait hak cipta, keamanan transaksi elektronik, dan hak kebendaan aset digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya pengembangan dan penyempurnaan peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih spesifik dan adaptif terhadap perkembangan teknologi dan dunia virtual untuk memastikan perlindungan hukum yang memadai di Metaverse. Kata Kunci: NFT, Metaverse, Transaksi Elektronik Abstract The rapid development of digital technology has given rise to a new phenomenon in the form of NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) and the extensive growth of the Metaverse. NFTs serve as digital certificates that demonstrate ownership of virtual objects and are recorded on the blockchain. The Metaverse allows users to share experiences in the form of 3D virtual reality, marking a new phase in social technological evolution and human interaction. Various business aspects, including stock investment, blockchain utilization, and asset ownership, can be conducted within the Metaverse. Despite the exciting prospects and broad business opportunities offered by the Metaverse, there is still a lack of comprehensive regulations governing its legal aspects in Indonesia. This regulatory vacuum may lead to uncertainties regarding legal protection for Metaverse users, particularly concerning copyright, electronic transaction security, and digital asset ownership. This research employs a qualitative methodology with a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings highlight the need for the development and refinement of more specific and adaptive legislation to keep pace with technological advancements and ensure adequate legal protection within the Metaverse. Keywords: NFT, Metaverse, Electronic Transaction
Legal Aspects of Determining Import Tax Rates for Foreign Products Based on WTO Provisions Wiwik Sri Widiarty; Mohammad Belayet Hossain
Jurnal Hukum Vol 42, No 2 (2026): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Unissula

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/jh.v42i2.53595

Abstract

Import taxation has become increasingly important as countries seek to protect domestic industries while complying with the legal framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In Indonesia, import taxes function as both a source of state revenue and an instrument for regulating international trade. This study analyzes the international legal framework governing import taxation under the WTO and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994, examines Indonesia’s legal framework, and evaluates the conformity of Indonesia’s import tariff regulations with WTO provisions. The research employs a qualitative normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. The legal sources examined include the Agreement Establishing the WTO, GATT 1994, Law Number 7 of 1994 concerning the Ratification of the WTO Agreement, Law Number 10 of 1995 concerning Customs as amended by Law Number 17 of 2006, Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade, and Law Number 17 of 2017 concerning the Protocol to Amend the Marrakesh Agreement. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s import taxation framework is generally consistent with WTO principles of non-discrimination, transparency, legal certainty, and trade facilitation. However, greater regulatory harmonization and consistent implementation remain necessary to strengthen compliance with international trade obligations while safeguarding national economic interests.
Co-Authors Aartje Tehupeiori Aartje Tehupeiori Aartje Tehupeiory Aartje Tehupeiory, Aartje AB Zulfiqar Adi Prasetya Albertus Mario Ari Setyawan Alva Ruslina Andrew Betlehn Andy Rachmat Soeharjono Anggit Suhandono Anthon Sijabat Anwar, Syamsul Musbahul Ariyani Nathasya B. Bulan, Z. Intan Bernard Nainggolan Bernard Nainggolan Bernard Nainggolan, Bernard Bethlen, Andrew Betlehn , Andrew Betlehn, Andrew Betlen, Andrew Binoto Nadapdap Binoto Nadapdap Binoto Nadapdap Binoto Nadapdap Binoto Nadapdap Budi Salim Butarbutar, Serirama Charlie S, Julivan Dewi, Silfara Rushana Dhaniswara K. Harjono Dian Arifin Dina Kristina Dina Kristina, Dina Dinata, Dinata Dinata, Efran Edy Kurniawan Tampubolon EL.Tobing, Gindo Ema Irmawati Erfan, Erfan Erika Michelle Angel Faozaro Nduru Fatchurochim, Auwalu Fauzan . Fauzan Fauzan Febrian Febriyanti, Emilia Ferlyadh, Ferlyadh Fernando Silalahi Gindo EL.Tobing Gindo L Tobing Gindo L. Tobing Gindo L. Tobing Gindo L. Tobing, Gindo L. Grace Rumiris Gultom Hadi, Ditmar Hamzah Fathoni, Muchamad Hanna M. Simanjuntak Hasibuan, Pittor Parlindungan Heddy Kandou Heryanta, Heryanta Hotben Marchiano Lumban Gaol Hulman Panjaitan Hulman Panjaitan Hulman Panjaitan, Hulman Ignatius Sinar Pandin Jaja Suparman Jephyri Monang Siregar Jian, Zang Huai Jihyun Park John Pieries John Pieries John Pieris Junani, Natalia Kaliey, Ingrid M Kamal, Abu Hena Mostofa Kencanawati, Kumala Khifni, Mokhamad Kristopansen, Kristopansen Lecia, Nana Limbong, Mesta Mamick Rahardian Marchiano Lumban Gaol, Hotben Marihot SIMANJUNTAK Marihot Simanjuntak Marihot Simanjuntak Mario Ari Setyawan, Albertus Md Hasnath Kabir Fahim Meimunah, Meimunah Mohammad Belayet Hossain Monang Siregar, Jephyri Muljanto Muljanto Nadapdap , Binoto Nadapdap, Binton Jhonson Nadappdap, Binoto Nainggoan, Bernard Nduru, Faozaro Nilawati Yuddin Noviyanto, Dedi Eka Octovian, Hesekiel Kevin P.S.I Anthonie, Yoshua Pieries, John Pieris, John Pinantoan, Tuamy Prayudi Budi Utomo Purba, Basar Purba, Benyamin Rachmat Soeharjono, Andy Radhitya Arbenvisar Sadiqien Rahardian, Mamick Rangga Aufar Rizan Rantung, Djoys Anneke Rapen A.M.S Sinaga Richard Marolop Nainggolan Rizaldi, Ardian Rogate Oktoberius Halawa Rr.Ani Wijayati Rudolf Valentino Saragih Saputra, Okky Saragi, Paltiada Sedek K.M, Melky Senopati Silam, Veby Serirama Butar Butar Sianipar, Desi Sidauruk, Sarjani Silvanita, Ktut Sinaga, Comodor Erfisen Sinaga, Dasma Maduma Siregar, Yuliana Minar Puspitasari Sitepu, Yosef Sudjiarto, Tatok Sugiono, Alexander Sukamto, Nur Suprianto Sumantri, Kukuh Dwi Gilang Suparman, Jaja Supratman Ramba, Vermita Sururi Sururi Sururi Sururi, Sururi Suryanto, Parlindungan Swarday, Sryna Rellan Tatawinarta, Barlian Tehupeiori, Aartje Theresia Tiurma Muljanto Thomas Dragono Timotius Tumbur Simbolon Tjen, Yoel Christopher Tobing, Gindo L Tria Sasangka Putra Tumanggor Tumanggor Utomo, Prayudi Budi Veby Senopati Silam Veronika, Caroline Walyadi, Doddi Weku F. Karuntu Widjaja, Andi Arif Wijayati, Ani Yanzalinda, Lisa Yuddin, Nilawati Yunita Latuconsina, Rose Z. Intan B. Bulan Zalfa'na, Najma Zulfiqar, AB